it meets constitutional muster. it puts the district of columbia on the very same path followed by all 37 states who have entered the union since i believe 1791. to paraphrase mark twain, when in doubt, do what's right. you will amaze your friends and confound your foes. let's do what is right. we start by treating our neighbors here in the conflict of columbia the way we want to be treated. and by the way, i want to give you another quote that may come as a surprise. it did to me and it might to you as well. here's another quote. the fact that more than half a million americans live in the district of columbia and are denied a single voting representative in congress is clearly an historic wrong and justice demands that it be addressed. i don't agree with our former vice president, mike pence on everything. but we certainly agree on this one. thank you, mr. president. >> mr. chairman. >> thank you, senator carper, and thank you for your leadership this issue over many years. before i introduce our witnesses, i want

constitution to go forward. what actually disrespects the constitution is to pretend the constitution says things that it doesn't. that stop us from doing the right thing. the constitution doesn't say that the seat of government has to be d.c. as we know it, the constitution doesn't say anything about d.c. or where it has to be or how small it can be. the constitution doesn't say that article 4 permits congress to admit new states but not d.c. we've heard a number of times d.c. is unique but article 4 does not say except d.c. all of those things that raises objections are actually not in the constitution. the constitution permits this and a vision of representative government requires it. so congress could decide to do it or not but if congress doesn't do it congress shouldn't say we wish we could but the constitution prevents it. no one has identified anyone in the constitution that prevents it for the simple reason that nothing in the constitution does prevent it. >> thank you, professor primus. mayor bowser,

of the constitution. a group of distinguished scholars from america's top law schools have -- a definitive analysis on the bill's constitutionality to the house and senate leadership. you already have that, i don't believe to needed asked -- i don't believe i need to ask it admitted to the record. the admissions clause -- the authority to admit new states. all 37 new states were admitted by congress by majority vote. no state was admitted by constitutional amendment and no state would have the consent of the admission of the state of washington, d.c. the district clause gives congress authority over the federal district and establishes a maximum size of the federal district, 100 square miles. it does not establish a minimum size or location of the federal district. congress reduced the size of the federal district by 30% in 1846. the 23rd amendment allows the federal district to participate in the electoral college, but does not establish a minimum size or location of the federal district. therefore, the

constitution. it's an honor, mr. larsson, to speak to med madison fellows at the james madison foundation. i really enjoyed our taped interview we did this morning. jeffrey really read my book before he interviewed me. you could tell. believe me. he knew it better than i did at this point. [ laughter ] when they start asking you a question, you think, i didn't write that. then you realize that, apparently, i did. now there are so many subjects one can address about frederick douglass. you know, the oldest and most famous idea about douglass is that he was this former slave who escaped at age 20, managed to write his first autobiography by age 27, took the world boy a storm as an orator and had a big role to play by the ends of the civil war, inviting lincoln and making lincoln do it in some case. there is so much more to douglass. it has been in the last 20 to 25 years, 30 years if you push it, yeah, at least 30, it gets back to my first book. so he's been taken seriously as a thinker, very serious

constitution. >> okay, let's try that. that's better. well, welcome to the 21st annual james madison lecture, which is hosted and sponsored by the james mad kn fellowship foundation here in alexandria, virginia. and we see a lot of our friends and all those madison fellows are here at mary mountain university attending the summer institute these four weeks. we're pleased to have professor david blight from yale here to introduce the lecture this year. he'll be formally introduced in just one moment. we welcome you those who are alum to come. why don't you stand up all those that are james madison alum. in the days of covid that's a miracle to get anybody come out of their house. we're grateful for mary mount university hosting the summer institute here in their fine facilities. the president of the university has been really generous to us and her staff. we also acknowledge that c-span is here recording this lecture, and it is going out live across the nation on c-span radio right now. and it will

the constitution isn't written. we will see if the uk survives a couple more decades and if they don't, because the constitution isn't written but they might have thought about doing that at some point. could have headed off basically. [laughter] douglas once said at the drop of a line at his speech in glasgow in 1860, it is march of 1860, the last major speech he gives before he comes back home because his daughter has died i will come back to the speech in just a few minutes but it's a great constitution speech in glasgow but it has magnificent passages. one of them is a simple line if you have been found better than their law but many have been found worse. why do we have the law? why do we have constitution? few people are found better than their law. much of us are worse than. we have the law because of course we have to remind ourselves and why is democracy so hard? because we are human beings and our selfishness often marks the head of our impulses. i believe in democracy. i love democracy. now wait a minute,

has he violated the constitution? of course, of course, this is a no, it's no doubt about the fact that the school because it's part of that i have all the pos the main idea that we have waited, right. in addition to say that the president, it's no longer, you know, the guy who has all the power, but now for the, for this contribution is over. and notice what again we go back to the old system. but before the important denisia are supposed to be a success story, but then you need to, it's no longer expect story. it's just like all the, all of the states in the last few hours. we're now hearing that the president has been able to speak to the unions very powerful body across the country who have the ear of the public. what's your reaction to the union's giving him the 30 days that he has to freeze parliament's actions and try and solve the situation? because obviously, the constitutional cause really doesn't exist. there's no other avenue to try and find a solution to this problem. all the unions, the solution i hope s

the proposed constitution is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution, but a compositiongument, mr. madison, but to little use. everyone reads the federalist papers, but few are persuaded by them. >> you are right, i fear. certainly governor clinton and his faction will make things hot for you in new york. >> clinton is a dangerous demagogue. but we will defeat him, even if we have to threaten to withdraw the city of new york from the rest of the states. >> i regret we have no such weapon as that in virginia. >> yes. virginia is in danger, too. with both mason and old patrick henry thundering against us. >> and henry cannot be won over. >> he calls the constitution a conspiracy to set up a monarchy. >> a higher brand. how will you answer it? >> there is but one workable answer. that is the one reached in massachusetts. the federalist in every state must agree to a bill of rights. >> i suppose it is the answer. but it will not win over such men as clinton and henry. >> no, but it offers us our last best chance to save the constitution. narrator: madison's strategy of compr

it is in our state constitution. that said, we found the way most democrats wanted to vote, most republicans wanted to vote was in person. the question was how do we achieve that? we expanded early voting for the first time in our history. >> thank you to all the witnesses. i ran out of time talking to you so i did not have a chance to ask questions of the others. i appreciate the opportunity. >> i now recognize myself for a few questions. it has been alleged that congress exercises its jurisdiction in the elections clause, it would constitute constitutional problems of anti-commandeering, specifically i am interested in the redistricting provisions. and whether the court has addressed this issue per se. for example, -- can you address that? >> thank you for that question. in that decision, which committee members will recall rejected a constitutional challenge to partisan gerrymandering, the courts reaffirmed congress' broad power to regulate congressional elections specifically including redistricting. the court re

he's a jurist who specialized in constitutional law and says article 80 of canisius constitution essentially gives him the power to push out the prime minister. well, according to the article, the president may take any measures necessary in the event of imminent danger that threatens the nation's institutions. security or independence, but it also states that before taking extraordinary action, the president must 1st consult the head of government and the speaker of the assembly. it states that after 30 days, the speaker may appeal to the constitutional court which can then determine if the president's actions were warranted and constitutional. well, william laurence is a professor of political science and international affairs of the american university. he says the actions taken by seed are not in line with the constitution . there is no mention of removing immunity for parliamentary and there's no mention of it take. ready over a full executive authority and firing administers all that improvisation by the president who is a constitutional expert, but doesn't even have a ph. d with sort

constitution. likewise, the supreme court is been consistent in restoring the election clause providing care about unquote powers to congress to enact federal election regulation that preempt state regulation and is interpreted such powers expansive. for example, in 1932 the supreme court said these comprehensive rules embrace the third to fight a complete code to congressional elections which were not limited to just times and places but to the numerous requirements as to procedure and safeguard which experience shows are necessary in order to enforce the fundamental right involved. in another case, arizona versus intertribal council of arizona in 2013, justice scalia, a renowned conservative justice wrote to the court that the national voter registration act requirement that voters prove theirat citizenship preempted arizona's citizenship requirement, , rely on smiley versus home and interest in the elections clause and empowed congress to bring it state regulations governing the time,r places an

if the president's actions were warranted and constitutional. william lawrence is a professor of political science and international affairs at the american university. he thinks what the president is doing to face a fair amount will face a fair amount of opposition to what he's doing. politics has also failed to produce a constitutional course court. so there is no recourse constitutionally to review the president's actions, which if you look at that article closely, do not allow him to do what he's doing. and certainly not the ways doing it. there's no mention of removing immunity for parliamentary and there's no mention of it take over. ready a full executive authority and firing administers all that in propagation by the president who is a constitutional expert, but doesn't even have a ph. d with sort of a low level lecturer at the university and is often portrayed as a constitutional scholar of some, some notes. but, and all of his meetings today, people are coming and explaining the constitution. sure. so it all remains to be seen how this

the constitutional authority statement for hr six aa two. the constitution hundred 60 of congress. the constitutional authority statement of hr 312. and at the 1/16 congress. from the hundred 16th congress. -- 116th congress. those materials will be made part of the record. as has been noted, members may have additional questions for witnesses. submit those in writing and we request you answer them if you are able. the record will be open to receive the answers to those questions. i want to think this panel for outstanding testimony today. very enlightenin >> tonight on q&a, the chief engineer of the historic fireboat on september 11 when it was called back into service to aid firefighters following the attacks on the twin towers. in her book, she tells the story of the community of mariners who came to the rescue of thousands. >> the maritime evacuation that delivered nearly half a million people to safety is an incredible example of the goodness of people that when you are given an opportunity to help, you have the tools, you have the skill set, you have the availability that peo

constitution known as the elections clause. cormack time places and manner of senators and representatives but the congress knows anytime that to prescribe the duty to make regulations of elections but also provide congress at any time. during the constitutional conventionte is the inclusion of the elections clause and the powers that it confers to congress. and with self-preservation of the state obstructions and federalist 59 that every government ought to contain in itself its own preservation. and to have other concerns as well of the elections clause in constitution and federal oversight that it would authorize. they learned about the state lawmakers and with unequal representation and gerrymandering also learned about other forms of voter suppression to go unchecked and with the elections clause to act since the supreme court decision state legislatures around the country have strict voter id laws and those with access to power and that power is through the 2020 general election. gerrymandering is an ongoing obstacles. in

the federal constitution. the constitution of the united states stands as a fundamental law of the land. a law that defines both the form and the power of a nation government. a law that was created by a stroke of political genius, one of america's most darkest hour. in 1783, americans had won the independence, but they faced a new responsibility. the task of creating a nation out of 13 states. hard times were stalking the land. people were plunging deep into depth. and massachusetts, the quarters confiscating farmers lands, four payments of the debts. this led to rebellion. your honor, the defendant has admitted his adapt to my client. in such a case, the law is clear. [inaudible] >> in satisfaction of our claim. [inaudible] >> order in the court. >> justice. >> i order in the court, be cleared. >> nonsense, you are not going to do that. we are here to get justice. >> you are in contempt of court. i will see you jailed for this. >> you are not going to judge me or any other man in this county. we will clear y

as the 1980 constitution is being precisely drafted away because with that constitution it was impossible to change. the constitution was drafted in such a way that the staff, the school was the the way to go about the maximum minimums, to approve any reforms were so high that it could not be reached by any reasonable political inequality is a very complicated issue. is a new constitution alone, the solution for that? well, no, i think it's a start. institutions need to be stronger. the state needs to be stronger. tax reform needs to be bigger. people have to pay more taxes and we need a social guarantees. of course, the constitution will set the framework for this to, to happen and it probably will take a decade to produce the changes that are going to be fasted. designed by this 155 people. so i think that this is, this is what we're looking at. we're looking at the start of the, of the new way of doing things. and many people are thinking, this is, this is a way of today. the 4th of july is the day of our new independent independence from those control power outside democratic election

he was speaking in favor of the new constitution.t the proposed plan. the plan was called a constitution of the united states, and was a masterpiece of compromise, which created something larger than anybody expected. the united states was to be a republic with elected representatives. the plan was original, worked out to fit the peculiar circumstances. government was to be by laws, not by officials. it was divided into three sections. the legislative branch to make the laws. an executive branch to carry on the business of government. and a judicial branch to decide questions of law under the constitution. the legislative branch was itself divided into two parts. a house to represent the people. and the senate, representing the states. the legislative power was balanced between the large and small states. the executive power of the government was placed in one man, the president of the united states. he would be responsible to the people for all departments of government. as a check against the possibility of abusing his executive po

constitution known as the elections clause. it reads as follows -- " times, places and manners of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; but the congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations as to the places of choosing senators. " the text is clear and describes the elections and states but critically also provide congress with the superseding power to make or alter such regulations at any time step during the constitutional convention debate, the framers came up with a solution of the elections clause and with broad powers that it confers to congress. supporters called it necessary for self preservation of the federal government in face of potential state obstructions of federal elections. in defense of the elections clause, alexander hamilton wrote that its propriety rests upon the evidence of this plane proposition, that every government ought to contain in itself the means of its own preservation. the framers had other concerns as we

the constitutional authority statement for hr six aa two. the constitution hundred 60 of congress. the constitutional authority statement of hr 312. and at the 1/16 congress. from the hundred 16th congress. -- 116th congress. those materials will be made part of the record. as has been noted, members may have additional questions for witnesses. submit those in writing and we request you answer them if you are able. the record will be open to receive the answers to those questions. i want to think this panel for outstanding testimony today. very enlightening. very smart. a real contribution to our understanding of the constitution, and we thank you. without objection, the committee on house >> tonight on the communicators. >> attacking big tech from all sorts of angles, and this is just one of them. they have coalesced, we need to use more antitrust laws in order to go after the tech companies, but they all have different reasons for doing so, even though they sort of coalesce on the same solutions. democrats, seems to be rooted in a very typical animosity towards just big businesse

but once again, there is no constitutional court to do that. so it's going to fall onto the huge to enforce that it stays at 30 days and that the president doesn't disband power and really take over the state. moving forward. see what happens, a shot and grave a professor of government to the college of william and mary, thanks for joining us from sicily. thanks for having our let's bring you some of the nice from around the world lebanon's the prime minister designate and g ban mccarty has promised to form a new government and implement a french plan to save the country from its crippling financial crisis. but the 2 time premier warned that he doesn't have a magical wand and cannot perform miracles. this is the 3rd attempt within the former government. the country is experiencing its west economic crisis in milton history center called her husband from the capital bay route. lebanon has a new prime minister machine, but me as he received the majority of votes from parliamentarians. he is the 3rd prime minister to be nominated, appointed since

let's look at how julie's constitutional reforms came about. the existing constitution, as we mentioned, was drafted in 1980 and the former military ruler augustus pin a shame or supporters say it kept chillies. economy strong by keeping business is largely out of government control. but many see it is the source of deepening income and social inequality that led to mass protests in 2019 the following year. an overwhelming majority of people voted in favor of constitutional reforms in the referendum and in may for the 1st time in chiles. history, a coalition of lawyers, teachers, journalists, as well as representatives of indigenous groups, were elected to be part of a 155 member group that will draft the new constitution. claudia winters is a professor at the school of political science in diego, or dallas university. he joins us from santiago into lay good to have you with us. so this is quite a diverse body. how easy is it going to be for them to actually reach an agreement to even agree on the agenda of discussions or for a group to emerge

the constitutional authority statement for hr six aa two. the constitution hundred 60 of congress. the constitutional authority statement of hr 312. and at the 1/16 congress. from the hundred 16th congress. -- 116th congress. those materials will be made part of the record. as has been noted, members may have additional questions for witnesses. submit those in writing and we request you answer them if you are able. the record will be open to receive the answers to those questions. i want to think this panel for outstanding testimony today. very enlightenin >> c-span's or unfiltered view of government. co-funded by these television companies and more and shooting -- including charter communication. >> broadband is a force for environment -- empowerment. that is why it is building infrastructure, upgrading technology, and powering opportunity in communities big and small. charter is connecting us. >> charter communications supports c-span as a public service, along with other television providers, giving you a front row seat to democracy. >> today, on the communicators -- >> the reas

this is deftly not in the constitution.ould love to hear from people to talk about the role of the army today, what is the army doing inside the promontory building? this is the first thing. we are asking for a national dialogue. we think all of the social organizations in tunisia should play the role of facilitation. if there is a need for debate to change, let's do it. if there is a need for debate to change the electoral system, let's do it. i think we should agree on the necessity of anticipated relationships. host: thank you so much for your time. there is more for you online. facebook.com, plenty of discussion there, as well as on twitter. thanks for joining us. see you again soon. úú■oÑ ♪♪♪ lisa millar: for years, it's been an open secret. vincent doyle: as long as you have priests, you will have children of catholic priests. lisa: catholic priests who've broken their vow of celibacy to become fathers. michael patrick: i knew he was a priest when i was a child, but i couldn't tell them that i knew because i was a big

constitution, one of the players and creating that constitution is one of washington's first choices for the original six justices on the supreme court. he accepts but then resigns the post about ever really having served on the supreme court. he will later become the chief justice of the south carolina supreme court, when john j who is the first united states supreme court chief justice resigns. he's elected governor of new york. he leads the post of chief justice that leaves an empty. washington will cap john of south carolina. he will come back to philadelphia this time and actually serve as chief justice. however, he's appointed to the recess of congress. so technically the senate hasn't confirmed him, but he serves a session of the court as chief justice and leads them through some cases. when the senate comes back later that year to return to session, they then take up the question of approving john. george washington never had anyone rejected that he's appointed. this has never happened in our young history. he has a couple things going against him. number one, there are guys

this is our constitution. a second thing that the for the people act does is stop billionaires from buying elections with dark money. you know, no matter if you poll republicans, independents, or democrats, they all believe billionaires shouldn't be able to buy elections with dark money. they know that in a billionaire can create the equivalent of a stadium sound system that drowns out the voice of the people, that that's just wrong. think about how americans thought of those early debates in the town square. everyone got their chance to stand up and have their say. you didn't allow someone to erect a big sound system to drown out the people you didn't want to speak. no, you give everyone -- that's kind of the heart, isn't it, of our first amendment -- free speech. everyone should be able to have their voice heard and not be drowned out by advertisements, by anonymous billionaires buying elections. the third thing this act does is it ends partisan gerrymandering, creates independent commissions, equal numbers

what does the constitution say? because both sides are claiming an interpretation of certain provisions in the constitution to justify freezing the parliament or as you are explaining about article 88 perhaps getting rid of the president. so the article that the president invoked, the president, by the way is the constitutional law professor is article 80, which says that for 30 days he can take exceptional power. but that same article stipulate that he has to 1st consult with the speaker of the parliament and the prime minister, which a theme did not. but more importantly, it says that the parliament have to remain and continue with session. for those 30 is not that it can be frozen. and so by any lay man's reading of the constitution that appears to be a violation of that article. but what's important is that to need it doesn't have a constitutional court to adjudicate between these 2 interpretation. that is the result of the fracture of the political landscape. but tunisia has had for the past couple of years whe

the framers of the constitution have article v by goes to a constitutional amendment and that is the proper place to lead to racial integration of schools, this he also spoke about the separation of powers. then they also spoke about tradition or what professor bobbitt would refer to as the ethos of the constitution and they say that the decision disregards the sort of respect for the parental control of education. here they cite the pierce versus society of sisters decision from the 1920s which says that the child is not the mere creature of the state and they say that this decision is at odds with that tradition. the final argument that they made was a consequentialist one. they say that if brown is actually implemented that its going to lead to chaos and confusion and it may even lead to the closing of the public school systems as a whole. so we're going to get rid of our public schools. as i suggest the southern manifesto overwhelmingly eshooed the nakedly objectionable racial rhetoric of the time. this is one area where they did slip up, however, and they write the following, br

this is our constitution.d thing that the act does is stop billionaires from buying elections with dark money. no matter if you poll republicans, independents or democrats, they all believe billionaires shouldn't be able to buy elections with dark money. they know the billionaire can create the equivalent of a stadium sound system that drowns out the voice of the people. that's wrong. think of how americans thought about the early debates in the town square. everyone had a chance to stand up and have their say. you didn't allow a big sound system to drown out who would speak. that's kind of the heart of our first amendment, free speech and everyone should have their voice heard and not be drown out by advertisements by anonymous billionaires buying elections. third thing this act does, it ends partisan gerrymandering, equal numbers of republicans, democrats, independents and therefore fights for the vision of equal representation. now, i've heard so many folks salivating over increased gerrymandering, hoping t

and contrary to lots, say the constitution, i think we can only use one word. this is an attempt also to and this is not a personal opinion. it's back, which i've been back to the by all political full student id is. yeah. did you and the, and the party fear that something like this would happen, given all the unrest given all the, the protests that have been going on for months now? well, that's the fact that the situation in june is that the political price is the economy situation. the sun, sorry, situation. the pandemic and its epic here, which is really, really concerning. and this is not, you know, something which is, which is new. we have been sending back since certain moments now, but we don't think that the answer to that is that to coffee powers into one single institution, the waste funds to that is not to send the all me to the parliament, to the west point to that is not to consider that the discharge of power is now behold by the one and only precedent off off the republic. what we say again is this by the emergency of the situation going backwar

and they were not necessarily calling or a new constitution or a new parliament. when you're looking at the democratic, legitimate, the parliament. okay, so they are elected, but you will look at the current president. he received almost as many both as all members of the problem is the last 2019 election, which gives a level of missy when the people can. i just knew about him before he just quickly because we up to say if i may, if you actually ask people is the parliament in the last few years, are they responding to the needs of the people? are they debating and responding to the needs of whatever sector it is, whether or not meekly environment of labor issues, agricultural issues, are they responding to the needs of the people? they would say no. this is not necessarily democratic institution. just part of the reason why we, you know, lower and lower turn out for every election, especially the parliamentary level in the last few years. can you tell me quickly about president site, i think is an interesting character. i've read reports about people feel, you kn

as a constitution that is blocking progress in the country, so they hope this new constitution a new car to magna that will be drafted by this new assembly will also lead the way and paste the way for other reforms that are needed in the country. and lisa loan calling from the map, coaching indigenous people. she's been elected to lead constitutional assembly. she's going to lead the riding of this new constitution. so what does so significant about this data? it's highly significant to have him up with a woman leading this, this new process. she was elected by a vast majority of the 155 members. she's them of which a woman and their rights of the indigenous population will play a massive role. also in the drafting of you confusion and yesterday university professor call to advance to apply the national state. she went there with a flag that you can see here in the background. and she called also for a more into cultural julian publishing a new relationship with all of the indigenous groups in the country. and so that's why representation is so important. and it's also important to n

life to a situation that respects the constitution. but we need a strong condemnation of any violation and insistence on respecting the rights and freedoms alternate. she has gone through a resolution against such abuses and against dictatorship and we will not allow any return and the international community must support as we return to the dentist, we continue to make our progress. ok, we're out of time, i'm afraid, but great to have the weather's here on. i'll just use a whole new international spokesperson for the party. thank you, sir. well, we have more now. what's led to this political crisis in that she is the foreign burden. monday brings us this reports the near empty streets of to news or start contrast to days of protests. under strict curfew, many have not dead. they see army, which is now patrolling to disease parliament and government buildings on monday and by president cliff, i need to follow the prime minister, freeze parliament for a month, and soc ministers lead to some celebrations. the mater many came to the stree

because of the whole constitutional situation with the constitutional court. tell us a little bit about that. what we're yeah, last time. what makes it even fournier is the fact that you have this body that was supposed to have been set up this constitutional court, which was supposed to arbitrate these types of things when it comes to legality. governance, when it comes to constitutional questions, a constitutional court was supposed to have been set up after 2014. but because the political divisions and to needs have only been deepening over the last few years, nobody has actually been appointed to that body. now there are different forums within the justice system within tenicia that perhaps members of another other members of parliament could take a case to, but they're not really empowered. they don't really have the power to render a verdict that would have to be implemented by some real gray area. very, very gro was so what happens then? also, i think that the president had later tweeted or posted on facebook, saying that palm is going to resume off to

. this to do according to the constitution. �* , ~ , ., constitution.itution. as minister for elections how _ constitution. as minister for elections how important - constitution. as minister for elections how important is l constitution. as minister for| elections how important is it that elections are held in september for the return of stability in your country? mas stability in your country? was no lan stability in your country? was no plan to _ stability in your country? was no plan to change _ stability in your country? was no plan to change that - stability in your country? —" no plan to change that date and even when the prime minister was coming he was clear because the president published the electoral decree before and the idea was to have elections festival on september 26. the idea, because the presidential wanted to empower another elected president. that was the goal, and that is what we intend to do and the prime minister is in the same line and the same direction. thank ou ve and the same direction. thank you very much _ and the same di

one was to effectively change the constitution is because the constitution is because the constitutione the constitution is bringing a lot of instability and he believed that changing the constitution would make peoples lives better. the second was a fight against corruption, particularly those in the government and energy sector and construction and other big areas that he was trying to regulate. and that is created a lot of enemies for the president so i do understand when the first lady said that. she got a clear understanding of what really happened on that night. of what really happened on that niuht. . , . night. critics are the constitutional - night. critics are the l constitutional changes night. critics are the - constitutional changes were to allow him to run again. you heard of these contenders do you think was behind this and has the fbi arrived in a country to help you find out? first of all there was no plan for the president to be a candidate again. and in the text of the constitution it was clearly stated that the president, underwhich clearly stated that the president

the constitutional court has just issued an order saying that they will hear jacobs dumas application for the rescission rescission of that sentence of 15 months. so rather than hand himself over by tomorrow or face the rest in the coming days, it seems as if jacob zoom will return, or at least show up for the 1st time at the constitutional court to defend himself . explain why he didn't attend that state capture or corruption inquiry. if we look back over the last few days, we know that the constitutional court was specifically angered by the former president, a lack of cooperation. and they said that this was about the supremacy of the rule of law, and that's a form of president someone of his standing couldn't be seen to be doing, such as being vomiting law, ignoring the constitutional court. now, in the papers he filed on friday, asking for all seem to be heard asking to defend himself at the constitutional court. prior to that, he did have that opportunity. a number of times the constitutional court had said, explain to us why you didn't cooperate with that corruption inquiry. an

you have him and you praise him as a constitutional thinker. people as a little odd, we know george washington was a great man. we think of him as a great general party and obviously witg think of him as a great executive. but he did not write any federalist papers. he did not write the declaration of independence, he wasin asked wwith constitutional, but he hardly said anything and yet you identify him they very important constitutional thinker. so it is contribution to this conversation. and how does he make it. akhil: substantive family and met on methodology clay, he's indispensable man have him come there's no constitution remotely like the one that we have graded so take this idea of conversati, the method way, he needs somebody to listen washington is not a a great scribbler. it is not a big talker or a writer for further pamphlet. but, he is a very good listener and he brings people who disagree and this is the both sides ill have hamilton on his right and jefferson on his left and it listens to his advisors. and actually, he does is a

according to the constitution.an 30 million people in the southwestern united states are bracing themselves for a brutal heatwave. dangerously high temperatures are predicted for most of california and nevada in the coming days. on friday, california's death valley equalled it's previous highest record — set in 2020 — the hottest temperature recorded in over a century. hundreds of evacuation orders have been issued as wildfires rage across the beckwourth complex in the north of the state — where thousands of acres of forest land have been destroyed. and power companies have urged consumers to conserve energy ahead of next week. it's all linked to a heat dome, or ridge of high pressure, over the region. hundreds of people died in the us and western canada when a similar heat dome shattered temperature records at the end ofjune. we can now speak to nbc bay area meteorologist rob mayeda. it was ten go eight days ago that we watch that. temperatures recorded at 5a and this heatwave and warnings that we are seeing affec

addicts were saying the constitutional. were saying the constitutional changes were to aloud jovenelrun again. who out of all of these contenders do you think was behind this and has the fbi arrived in the country to help you find out?- to help you find out? first of all, to help you find out? first of all. there — to help you find out? first of all, there was _ to help you find out? first of all, there was no _ to help you find out? first of all, there was no plan - to help you find out? first of all, there was no plan for. to help you find out? first of| all, there was no plan for the president to be candidate again. and in the text of the constitution it was clearly stated that the president under which the constitution, the new constitution has voted, cannot benefit from the constitution, so the president was not a candidate, he was telling them so many times. yes, we have called for a request for the fbi to assist in the investigation because we want the truth to get out. the state department or white house in particular has confirmed they will be sending senior fbi countries ——

chill is getting a new constitution because the majority of children decided to scrap the current constitution that they back to the time of the military dictatorship. i referendum that happened after this massive social outbreak in october of 2019 and many feet as current constitution as a constitution that is blocking progress in the country. so they hope this new constitution a new car to mark. now that will be drafted by this new assembly will also lead the way and paste the way for other reforms that are needed in the country. and lisa loan calling from the mom who j. indigenous people. she's been elected to lead the constitutional assembly. she's going to lead the writing of this new constitution. so what does so significant about this data? it's highly significant to have them up with a woman leading this, this new process. she was elected by a last majority of the 155 members. she's them of which a woman and their rights of the indigenous population will play a massive role. also, in the drafting of confusion yesterday this university professor called to advance national state. she wen

convention and yet you identified a very important constitutional situation. so what is his contribution to this conversation. >> he is the indispensable man. without him there is no constitution which is remotely like the one that he has. so taking this conversation and he's not a great scribbler. he's not a big talker or agreed writer and he's a very good listener and he brings people who disagree and he listens to his advisers and actually he does a good job generating words, but he doesn't write pamphlets or our beds, he writes letters to people, he is a wonderful correspondent. and they are giving him intelligence, information, from all parts of america. what's happening in lafayette, in france, he writes more and receives more letters than just about anywhere else in our audience can confirm this by looking at the national archives, which is free to everyone and word searchable. and so he is a wonderful listener, he is unanimously elected president, even if people vote against the constitution. he is unanimously reelected in part because he's trying to l