the state since the end of the war a referendum on republican national day the state level constitutional court had already ruled your national day constitutional but you went ahead and did it anyway why when you knew how provocative this was going to be. because i think that this is a very stupid challenge for the rest and this is exactly. the of for going to be challenge. because it's provocative well because the republican serves go was born out of ethnic cleansing wasn't it for you or your idea of proof that i did say that by like by laughing and it doesn't matter what i am i'm simply asking you to place it as an unknown that you felt that the statement it's not the arguments that are being put forth in that case can you not see why it would be provocative to other people to go ahead clearly a serious national day good to see that this is a superlative to undermine the right of the so people to have a national debate. and we see this national day we saw that our decisions don't matter to us all you want something a little by little we're going to see you on the court decision that this is n

state since the end of the war a referendum on republika srpska national day the state level constitutional court had already ruled your national day constitutional but you went ahead and did it anyway why when you knew how provocative this was going to be. because i think that this is a very stupid challenge for the i.r.s. and. exactly. the day of a professional to be a challenge. because it's provocative well because the republicans subscale was born out of ethnic cleansing wasn't it for you here they were perfectly i don't say mashed by love by love it and it doesn't matter what i am absolutely asking you to place it in the number you felt that the statement that. the arguments that are being put forth in that case can you not see why it would be provocative to other people to go ahead serious nationally that could lead to civil this is a simple one could give to undermine the right of the sort of people to have a national day. and we see this national court decisions don't matter to you know you want something real violating the court decision of the court decision that this is not to be your

culture is the awesome sex marriage tyreese is actually a training matter really now taiwan's constitutional court ruling last year just have you have mentioned. that. the same sex couples should have the right to get married at least just as us. is no. controversial is that fair to. say that should be a separate call for the same sex couples wish the same sex couples will be treated differently compared to others and because they said that this is to safeguard the family of males and it was a guy the next generation so. was it that they suggest a better yes or a better look at some you know the applications. to our public vote next month to decide whether we should separate off or wish to marry a civil lawsuit to legalize same sex marriage and on this very conversion just there also are and other referendums suggest that. right activists are saying that that's not there shouldn't be a separate lot so that we can relate to that we have to have it coming months right phoebe kong in taipei thank you very much for that update. to spain now in a pin for a chapter in that country's recent past has been

claim that we defeated the spanish state by being able to hold and when a referendum spain's constitutional court declared last year's referendum illegal on the day of the referendum spanish riot police stormed polling stations across the region and clamped down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle and assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia as parliament and imposed direct rule. a year on pro independence catalans want their declaration of independence to be recognized there also demanding the release of jailed government ministers and civic organization leaders who are at the helm of the failed secession drive but if it was it was important to do something today because throughout this year it was not made much progress the catalan government hasn't done much to tend to make the catalan republic or to make an illegal referendum. madrid's direct rule of catalonia ended in june when petro sanchez replaced prim

void and that the courts will decide what is and is not consistent with the constitution. that is called judicial review. that is what happens whenever americans go to court to assert or protect their constitutional right. judicial review it was not something that came without heritage from british law. there was only one instance recorded in british law where the court declared something void. that was 200 years earlier. it was a practice that arose during -- under the articles a confederation and many of the states. it was regarded as logically implicit in having a written constitution. marshall went on to say the powers of the legislature are defined and limited and that those limits may not be mistaken or forgotten, the constitution is written. this is not an unimportant observation, having written a constitution was at that time in a unique. -- position. as you can see from this next slide, the number of justices on the supreme court has varied with time. it was stabilized after the civil war with nine. the court, and indeed the whole federal judiciary remained relativ

the court must act as independent branch of government and the supreme court has america's constitutional right it in reviewing that t record that is the right choice to safeguard these fundamental principles and i will vote no to his confirmation to the supreme court. i suggest the absence of a quorum. or>> mister president it is extraordinary where we find ourselves today on the verge of a cloture vote and for judge kavanaugh to join the supreme court with that sexual assault against the nominee the fbi investigation as the trump white house and they impose so many restrictions to be almost meaningless. so at the beginning of the nomination but judge kavanaugh ever to discover the truth with that attempt to keep the american people back. and for the generation. and with the senate republicans to protect the nominee. it with the supreme court. but i want to commend senators jeff flake for working together in good faith so this happened weeks ago that the investigation has been routine anytime new derogatory information services about a nominee. in that investigation completed over the la

go ahead with this new law that the name of in the benjamin's we don't care about what the constitutional court says. and they said it publicly in number of occasions they will. continue without were they the people that means. who go ahead and break spain was the. people that he's trying to repress and the rest of the preview from and they did once when. but the truth is that they were advised they were told look if you try to break the constitution and break up the country and throw the long outside of the e.u. and in the big concrete were spectacular economy crises and there will be obviously legal consequences right.

known as the open arms migration policy at one point threatening to take up before germany's constitutional court well that didn't happen he stuck with her so the see this you really has a credibility here issue that explains why many fled to the far right party which is getting pretty strong here in the states but at same time the centrists like you to the left but still kind of centrist greens are benefiting from that just briefly before we let you go it's the final hours before sunday's vote what mood have you been encountering there i mean is there a sense from the c.s.u. politicians that their party is in trouble. absolutely we've seen the interior minister hospital and the top candidate say premier michael sudar you know pretty much already blaming each other for what ever they may face on sunday it's quite clear it will be an election setback it could cost interior ministers will for his role in the sea use you and that would mean potentially the first member of the mackerels. government cabinet having to leave so that's a risk but it could also be seen as a blessing almost for the german

catalan leader at the time pressed ahead with the vote despite being declared illegal by spain's constitutional court on the day of the referendum spanish riot police stormed polling stations across the region and clamped down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle an assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia its parliament and imposed direct rule shortly thereafter carlos ph demands fledge to belgium and remains there in self-imposed exile earlier this year spanish authorities revoked european international arrest warrants for him on the eve of the anniversary he says that the route to independence was never going to be. smooth or quick. we are facing a very complex crisis i said that even before the declaration of independence i don't regret a vote but there isn't a button that we push and just like that we have a republic it doesn't work like that direct rule in catalonia and it in june when petra sanchez ousted ma

catalan leader at the time pressed ahead with the vote despite being declared illegal by spain's constitutional court on the day of the referendum spanish riot police stormed polling stations across the region and clamped down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle an assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia parliament and imposed direct rule shortly thereafter carlos peach demands fledge to belgium and remains there and self-imposed exile earlier this year spanish authorities revoked european an international arrest warrants for him on the eve of the anniversary he says that the route to independence was never going to be smooth or quick. we are facing a very complex crisis i said that even before the declaration of independence i don't regret the vote but there isn't a button that we push and just like that we have a republic it doesn't work like that. direct rule in catalonia and in june when petra sanchez ousted

that we did we defeated the spanish state by being able to hold and when a referendum spain's constitutional court declared last year's referendum illegal on the day of the referendum spanish white police stormed polling stations across the region and calm down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle and assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia as parliament and imposed direct rule. a year on pro independence catalans want their declaration of independence to be recognized there also demanding the release of jailed government ministers and civic organization leaders who are at the helm of the failed secession drive but if it was it was important to do something today because there at the sea it was not made much progress that catalan government hasn't done much to tend to make the catalan republic or to make an illegal referendum. madrid's direct rule of catalonia ended in june when petro sanchez replaced prime min

mistaken the constitution and the court is not the last word on the constitution. that was very much a fight about the separation of powers, is the court the only branch that gets to interpret the meaning of the constitution? but obviously was also a way to have an argument about slavery that could be had within the boundaries of our constitutional system and i think we can see that in a lot of the kinds of social change that we've seen throughout american history, very often the argument is about who's in charge, who gets to decide this. >> does that mean in the end that you're debating which of the branches is prime, which one is premice -- which one has thepower when there's a conflict over power? does that follow what you just said. >> yeah, the system is designed so the answer to that is non. so the -- non. so the conflict goes on and at different times and in different ways people on different sides of conflict can take different sides of the constitution and have the argument. and you can see in the example some 40-odd debate we've had about abortion in ameri

the supreme court is the guardian of american's constitutional rights against the powerful. after reviewing judge kavanaugh's record, i believe he's not the right choice to safeguard these fundamental principles and i will vote no on his confirmation to the supreme court. with that, mr. president, i would suggest the absence of a quorum. >> the clerk will call the roll. >> mr. president, it's extraordinary where we find ourselves today con the verge of a cloture vote and for judge kavanaugh to be in the supreme court. at the same time we have credible allegations of claims of sexual assault against the nominee, they're not just lingering, they're developing. the fbi investigation they appear to be neither. after the trump restrictions to have it almost meaningless. i'm afraid that the vetting of judge kavanaugh has never been a genuine effort to discover the truth. to keep the american people in the dark about the vulnerabilities of a controversial nominee who if he's confirmed, shape our lives for a generation. from start to finish, at every step there's been a unilateral ef

claim that we defeated the spanish state by being able to hold and when a referendum spain's constitutional court declared last year's referendum illegal on the day of the referendum spanish riot police stormed polling stations across the region and comment down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle and assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia as parliament and imposed direct rule. a year on pro independence catalans want their declaration of independence to be recognized there also demanding the release of jailed government ministers and civic organization leaders who are at the helm of the failed secession drive but if it was it was important to do something today because throughout the sea it was not made much progress the catalan government hasn't done much to tend to make the catalan republic or to make an illegal referendum. madrid's direct rule of catalonia ended in june when petro sanchez replaced prime

the period of working off the president of the constitutional court which of the supreme court which was written in the constitution has been shortened which is actually quite clearly against the constitution that's the present number one and the second was that there was a possibility for the jazzers to stay longer in office until seventy but this was only possible after the positive decision of the president which means that the independence of judiciary has been let's say taken has been diluted and this was actually the reason why the what a european court of justice decided to immediately stop this reform and to say freeze everything down and say we cannot go like this because. independent judiciary is a basic of every european democracy so it cannot touch that this is an interim ruling as i understand there's. poland likely to accept it there's no appeal beyond easyjet is a no no this is only that said the interim decision until you know it's like in every cards you need to have some time to have to fool information or fool explanation off the decision so this just a disciplined

the respect for law is not intervention in bosnia even the decisions of the support of the constitutional court which means the decisions which pertain to our basic basic document the basic law and not respected or implemented well is there and i mean talking about striking a balance you know some people fear that mr don't take will use. his election to the presidency to really strengthen and put forward only the agenda of the republican sparse guys certainly his comments today that we mentioned earlier did not help to push away those fears furthermore that he also asked he also said that he would ask president trump to remove the high reprise the american high representative that really probably makes people wonder further how much he wants to take the republic as far as get into this fear of russia well first i have thought to say that i almost fully agree with them and he statement when we talk about the action of mr doughty you have to understand that he's very efficient in playing the game with the international community from one side from either side the position where he's elected last

last year's vote was ruled illegal by the country's constitutional court and plunged the country into a political crisis. despite this many in the region are continuing their push to succeed. >> thousands of pro-independence demonstrators marched through the streets of barcelona well into sunset. since the morning, they had been ralallying in different parts of town. they blocked roads and even the entrance to the city's stock exchange building. we are maintaining the flame of october 1 because we are aware what we voted for and we don't plan on taking a step back. it all commemorates the events a year ago when spanish police heavy-handedly blocked attempts on voting on a referendum for catalonia independence. it created the biggest political crisis in decades. a year on and the independence movement is fractured. its leaders in jail or in exile. from belgium, the most prominent leader sent out this message. >> victory of october 1 must stay alive in our heads and our hearts. above a all, let us not stray from the only path we m must follow in order to livee in a full democracy. that

these are like the tools that allow the court to implement the constitutional command, and provide a result. and i think the court borrows all the time, different doctrine areas, so i don't think there's any area -- any reason you can't analogize to the first amendment, and borrow some of the tools. the court is already doing so. one thing the heller court didn't do, was provide concise constructions on the levels of scrutinies to apply to gun laws . in the lower court, sort of thrashed around a little bit, and ended up saying, well, intermediate scrutiny, we are going to require the government to show some evidence that whatever goal is pursuing, is important. and some evidence, the regulations they propose is going to advance this goal. which is different from the lowest level of scrutiny, which puts the burden on the challenger to prove either that the government is pursuing some illegitimate goal or is being irrational in the pursuit of whatever illegitimate goal. i think the first amendment is as good as any, for furnishing some of the tools that provide answers to concrete cases

known as the open arms migration policy at one point threatening to take up before germany's constitutional court well that didn't happen he stuck with her so the see this you really has a credibility here issue that explains why many fled to the far right of the party which is getting pretty strong here in the states but at the same time the centrists like you to the left but still kind of centrist greens are benefiting from that and that just briefly mahela before we let you go it's the final hours before sunday's vote what mood have you been encountering there i mean is there a sense from the c.s.u. politicians that their party is in trouble. absolutely we've seen the interior minister hostage and the talk candidate say crimea marco sudar you know pretty much already blaming each other for what ever they may face on sunday it's quite clear it will be an election setback it could cost interior ministers will for his role in the sea use you and that would mean potentially the first member under the mackerels. government cabinet having to leave so that's a risk but it could also be seen as a bles

impartially discharge and perform all of the duties as a justicen me of the supreme court of the united states. constitutionnd law the united states. god.lp the god -- the [applause} [applause} [applause} >> mr. president, thank you for the great honor of appointed me to serve as a justice of the supreme court. i have seen firsthand, your deep appreciation for the vital role of the american judiciary. i am grateful for your steadfast, unwavering support. i am grateful to you and mrs. trump for the exceptional you haveing courtesy extended to my family and me. thank you for everything. [applause} >> i am honored to serve on a supreme court headed by chief justice john roberts. chief justice roberts is a principal, independent, and inspiring leader. as a country, we are fortunate enough to have him as the chief justice. i'm honored to serve a long sigh my new colleagues. each of whom i know. each of whom i greatly admire and deeply respect. thenine of us revere constitution. article three of the constitution provides a judicial power vested in one supreme court. the supreme court is institution of law. it is

that we did we defeated the spanish state by being able to hold and when a referendum spain's constitutional court declared last year's referendum illegal on the day of the referendum spanish white police stormed polling stations across the region and clamped down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle and assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia as parliament and imposed direct rule. a year on pro independence catalans want their declaration of independence to be recognized there also demanding the release of jailed government ministers and civic organization leaders who are at the helm of the failed secession drive but if you know when i was it was important to do something today because there at the sea it was not made much progress the catalan government hasn't done much to ten men to make the catalan republic or to make an illegal referendum. madrid's direct rule of catalonia ended in june when petro sanchez

the supreme court is the guardian of american's constitutional rights against the powerful. after reviewing judge kavanaugh's record, i believe he's not the right choice to safeguard these fundamental principles and i will vote no on his confirmation to the supreme court. with that, mr. president, i would suggest the absence of a quorum. >> the clerk will call the roll. >> mr. president, it's extraordinary where we find ourselves today con the verge of a cloture vote and for judge kavanaugh to be in the supreme court. at the same time we have credible allegations of claims of sexual assault against the

impartiality and temperament if he would be for the court the people want the independent voice to protect against those in power or interest under our constitution the court must act as independent branch of government and the supreme court has america's constitutional right it

when comes to a flow in comes the anti terror laws when it comes to the role of the off the constitutional court. i think there there there are certain steps and i just i just don't believe that -- that everyone will be like - i'm distances full scale democrat he once claimed to be you maybe has never been that. israel would bring to life and it's just a second -- what's about relations between chancellor angela merkel and the turkish president the two leaders go back a long way to two thousand and three i think that's when they first met that's a decade and a half ago these days. he has the power to blackmail over the refugee deal with you. she meanwhile has the power to humiliate him by continuing to flow so to speak ambitions if they sto. the like tell us a little bit more about this complex relationship between medical and you know tell us a little bit more about to do what we can hope for at bes. it is indeed i think i'll do mine there is necessary -- about america stands on a very critical time. in turkey's you notes of democracy which categorically. opposed turkey's membership to you not

but spain's constitutional court deemed the referendum illegal stay with us on bbc news. america's worst mass shooting, we return to las vegas and speak to survivors about gun culture. in all russia's turmoil, it has never come to this. president yeltsin said the day would decide the nation's destiny. the nightmare that so many people had feared for so long is playing out its final act here. russians are killing russians in front of a grandstand audience. it was his humility which produced affection from catholics throughout the world, but his departure is a tragedy for the catholic church. israel's right—winger, ariel sharon, visited the religious compound, and that started the trouble. he wants israel alone to have sovereignty over the holy sites — an idea that's unthinkable to palestinians. after 45 years of division, germany is one. in berlin, a million germans celebrate the rebirth of europe's biggest and richest nation. this is bbc news. the latest headlines: un officials estimate at least 190,000 people in indonesia urgently need help after friday's earthquake and

court justice. as you know first-hand article ii, section 2 of the u.s. constitution provides that although the presidents nominate supreme court justices they take their seats only with the advice and consent of the senate. throughout our history books presidents and senators have taken their respective responsibilities in that process seriously. since they have not always agreed about these important choices, however, confirmation controversies have existed throughout our history. our very first president, george washington, had a chief justice nominee rejected by the senate. presidents madison, tyler, hoover, nixon and reagan likewise each had nominees rejected by votes of the senate while many other nominees were denied seats through senate inaction. in fact, disputes between the president and congress have actually become slightly less not more common over time. almost 20% of the first 142 supreme court nominees named by presidents were not confirmed by the senate. but in the 19th century that rejection rate was even higher at about one third. clearly the senate

claim that we defeated the spanish state by being able to fold and when a referendum spain's constitutional court declared last year's referendum illegal on the day of the referendum spanish white police stormed polling stations across the region and clamped down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the catalan assembly officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia as parliament and imposed direct rule. a year on pro independence catalans want their declaration of independence to be recognized there also demanding the release of jailed government ministers and civic organization leaders who are at the helm of the failed secession drive but if it was it was important to do something today because there at the sea it was not made much progress the catalan government hasn't done much to ten men to make the catalan republic or to make an illegal referendum. madrid's direct rule of catalonia ended in june when pedro sanchez replaced prime m

anniversary of a failed independence referendum last year's vote was ruled illegal by the country's constitutional court and plunged plunge the country into a political crisis despite this many in the region are continuing their push to secede. thousands of pro independence demonstrators march through the streets of buses no not until well after sunset. since the morning they had been rallying in different parts of town. they blocked roads and even the entrances to the city's stock exchange building. goes out girders them we are maintaining the flame of october fast because we are aware what we voted for and we don't plan on taking a step back. and saying they don't buy that it's all commemorates the events of a year ago when spanish police heavy handedly broke up an attempt to hold a referendum on catalonian independence spanish courts had declared a different friend of a legal triggering the nation's greatest political crisis in decades huge crowds came out to call for in the pendants a year on and the cats on independence movement is fractured its leaders in jail or in exile from belgium the most pro

constitution. the whole thing from the court that you can't do that. the law is struck down they were smart people in independent saul and philadelphia they could have written to the constitution in article l three. the final word or the final adjudication of constitutional matters shall be retained by the court. they didn't do it. so the very principle of judicial reveals nowhere in the text of the constitution. so -- it's very hard to make the case that the text and charter that that was entered back into is a bind on future generations is actually what is doing the work of holding things together. so then there's a question if it is not the text itself or originalism or this charter that binds together future generations, i think of one way of thinking about what holds it together and it is something that we've i think come to talk about recently a lot are norms and institutionings. right, norms, institutions and traditions so expectations of proper action, institutions as they're built into structures things that are funded with people staffing them

court should have gotten into that area. i think in the question of the constitution structure, the court must get into that area if we are going to have a system in which the laws are actually made by congress, and if the courts continue to hold themselves back from that, if the supreme court does not attempt to get into that area, over time, we will have lost the whole structure of the constitution, where the laws are supposed to be made by the people who were elected. >> yes, sir. [ inaudible question ] >> yes, i think you could argue they misplaced their fortitude. they should not perhaps have done the other things, but they certainly have not done this one thing that is essential, i think, to the sustenance of our democracy. >> thank you. with that, we have reached the end of our time. thanks again for a great discussion. [ applause ] the book is for sale. peter will be glad to sign books and see you all at the reception. >> thank you. >> here's a look at the books being published this week. the new yorker's david graham recounts the 2008 antarctic exploration in the white darkness. economist stephen moore and arthur laffe

taipei is the biggest in asia and took place ahead of the landmark votes on the rights taiwan's constitutional court declared last year that same sex couples have the right to marry and set it to your deadline for legislation but taiwanese society is still divided on this. and the democratic republic of congo campaigning for december's presidential race is heating up the pro-government coalition has held its first major gathering in kinshasa attracting tens of thousands of supporters of opposition members and we have the introduction of voting machines and say they will not take in a corrupt vote by the reports. it was a show of support and a signal of intent tens of thousands of pro-government supporters packed to the stands of conciousness tatar raphael stadium to hear speeches including an address from presidential candidates emmanuel amazon each other it was an impressive turnout given president joseph kabila his current low poll ratings and should diaries small support base. looks it will go for the elections on december twenty third we know that you're ready for this election campaign peaceful

time so that they can keep their weight off line so to speak and shrine in the cities detect a constitution court a basic law you know they can keep their way of life that change slowly up there and it's happening in the past and faster pace. with the ever more difficult international situation where maybe china with the u.s. with britain. who also has shown in this control officer saying hold up must explain which is quite a new thing for the british to say oh we'll see if we hear anything from the hong kong government christian thanks very much for taking the time to join us that from him. pakistan's opposition leader shareef has been jailed for ten days for alleged links to a housing scam in two thousand and fourteen sharif was arrested on friday and the whore and his attention means he'll not be able to campaign for him for his party by elections next week and there's activists from his pakistan muslim league and now as posse gathered in support outside the court he's the brother of the ousted prime minister now why sharif and his sentence this year to ten years and present for corruption. he

claim that we defeated the spanish state by being able to hold and when a referendum spain's constitutional court declared last year's referendum illegal on the day of the referendum spanish white police stormed polling stations across the region and clamp down on protesters hundreds of people were injured the violent crackdown brought international condemnation the cattle and. officially declared independence on october twenty seventh but it was not internationally recognized the spanish government dissolved catalonia as parliament and imposed direct rule. a year on pro independence catalans want their declaration of independence to be recognised there also demanding the release of jailed government ministers and civic organization leaders who are at the helm of the failed session drive but. it was important to do something today because throughout this year it was not made much progress that catalan government hasn't done much we determined to make the catalan republic or to make an illegal referendum madrid's direct rule of catalonia ended in june when petro sanchez replaced prime minister mar