despite those efforts, continental regiment continental troop quotas steadily declined until the war's end. one later state effort was relatively successful and deserves mention leading to reconstitute the military contingent after the may 1780 capture of charleston, south carolina. virginia resorted to conscription from the states militia. the drafted men would serve 18 months in newly constituted continental regiments. the first levy took place in autumn 1780 at chesterfield courthouse. these men were destined for the first and second virginia regiment, serving under major general nathaniel green in the carolinas. they saw actions guilford court. guilford courthouse and later battles. a second draft was held in april 1780, one of which major general william friedrich wilhelm to steuben, describing, wrote that june in the whole only 450 or yet assembled, those men were destined to serve in lieutenant colonel thomas gaskins, virginia battalion under lafayette, in their home state. that summer and autumn. now, given my work on black soldiers, i would be remiss if i didn't mention some o

and then washington has realize that there is no continental navy in other words, wherever the continental the french navy goes, which which is a unique one, none for any successful siege, siege operation. it will neither will not be russian shamble or washington. it will be take rush who will decide whether the campaign of 1781 will end because have to go to where the is sailing. we can outside new york city and the navy goes to yorktown. well, nothing's going to happen. so. yes. and washington basically acknowledges to that his hand is being forced in the summer of 1781 and rochambeau to looking at the numbers in washington, also comes to the realization when you have one, two, 14, 15,000 british forces in new york city, there's roger campbell with about 6000 and and continental army, another eight or 10,000. the there are more combat ready soldiers in new york city than are outside. and you don't start an assault in our strategy planning is all good and well and this is really where washington's genius comes in. he realizes realities that this is the reality. i would love to go to new y

and most of it finds its way in the continental plots. the cost was the medium of crumbs such as the countries in africa, for example, as in bob with which for a long time use the american dollar as the car is your trade. i'm in many off within countries on a daily basis. the central bank, the timing this frank or otherwise of the car is, is depending on the mood of the door. at the same goes, when the door les needs this off with the car and says, go into a coma. and this is something that is undesirable. if you're not in control of your currency, it means that you cannot control you a economy. and you will find, for example, in many african countries, even when loans are being bordered from multilateral institutions, such as the international money to fund all of the bond, coal, even b realty in union. they did not mean they took the card and see if the united states dollars and of course the recently is a euro. the question that off with the must they are for us is how can we have on the corner me or economies which i dictated to from

and most of it finds the sway in the continental vast with our eyes, the medium of concepts. the countries in africa, for example, was involved with weed for a long time, use the american dollar as the currency or trade. and in many of the countries on a daily basis, the central bank, the time in this frank or otherwise of the car is, is depending on the door. as the saying goes, when the door les needs this applicant cutter and says, go into a coma. and this is something that is undesirable. if you're not in control of your currency, it means that you cannot control you a economy. and you will find, for example, in many african countries, even when loans are being bordered from multilateral institutions, such as the international money to fund all of the was buying coal, even b realty in union. they didn't know. mean they took the card and see if the united states dollars and of costs recently. they utilize the question that off with the must they are for us is how can we have on the corner me? oh, a corner of these which i dictate the to from outside. i remember so very fon

the idea of the 40 to different gardens is in the continental vasa, on this, in and of itself, creates an environment that is very volatile side because this garden says on not in many ways the diamond in terms of the value from the countries that run them so that many offers on the central banks may know the volume of money that is in the market. many african countries may know the car and sees that they want printed. but the most important thing that they ought to know, which is how do we control or these kinds is controlled from elsewhere. we already know, for example, the need. most of the former french corner needs the 14 of them in most of the site, 80 and region on this central africa. most of the car is, is controlled from by me. and there is a common courtesy called to see if the from the question is be a full, how can africa control high economy in an environment where she does not control studies and since night, the 1900 and $72.00, many else work on countries have that in the car and says on the united states dollar, i'm the united states, dona is us. yep. got it. and see

when africans from the continental are present at that time. donna, while i'm in oklahoma, was present, is that not to me, things, and that was the period when aspect of countries was beginning to fight the colonizer. since i've been been colonized by the english call or not by the french colonized by the force of these colonized by the tide, the colonized by the belgian colonized by this funded there was seeking to break the chains of decor. don't i this on? when so done the game, dion defendants in 1900, on 56, it was not as loud as it should have been. it was when gunnery gained the independence of the 6th day of march, 1967. and these said that the author with them must unite this pretty to find out which one of them was given to place a meeting. but i found off what kind of must be understood to been the solid. dotted d, o, pass some of african descent wherever they are within the mazda continental, outside of the mazda continent. and it's more than the concepts found out, because it must be understood domain. the unity of africans to out

inh other words wherever the continental french navy goes which is a; none for any operation it will be rochambeau or washington who will decide where the campaign of 17811 will end because we had to go to where the navy is failing. we can stay outside of new york city if the navy goes outside of yorktown and nothing is going to happen and washington acknowledges that in the summer of 1781 and rochambeau looking at the numbers and washington also when you have 14 or 15,000 british forces in new york city and rochambeau was about 6000 another eight or 10,000. there are more combat ready soldiers in newrs york city than our side. strategy planning is all good and well and this is because of washington and where his genius comes in realizess the reality. i would love to go through new york city in 1770s but it's not going to happen. where to go where rochambeau would like to go because there's nobody in the continental army other than sullivan who knows how to do this. they aren't allowing trained engineers in there so the realityuh is simply against what washington may want to do but h

and most of it finds its way in the continental plots. the cost was the medium of crumbs such as the countries in africa, for example, as in bob with which for a long time use the american dollar as the currency upgrade. and in many of the countries on a daily basis, the central bank, the time in this frank or otherwise, or the car is, is depending on the dollar at the same goes. when the door less needs this applicant currency is going into a coma. and this is something that is on desired if, if you're not in control of your currency, it means that you cannot control you a economy. and you will find, for example, in many african countries, even when loans are being bordered from multilateral institutions, such as the international money to fund all the bond, coal, even b realty, in union. the denominator caught in see if the united states dollars and of costs recently. they utilize the question that us with a must therefore ask is, how can we have on the corner me always corner these which i dictated to from outside. i remember so very f

continental. and once we do that, we can have pieces of legislation that are clear that will ensure that our interaction with those who are produced as a waste will not do it in a manner that will benefit them. an effect of the car in a negative way. it is also very important now, as we go into the re, i'm of a deficiency intelligence and we in the rock with some of the things that are the difference of the 50 inductor pollution. how is a deficient in the regions going to affect how equipment is consumed? i'm big because there's some period between the manufacturer and the disposal on the house is also going to ensure that we do not allow the advent of active, reassure intelligence to be used to effect africa negatively through dumping of such waste. i believe we have a duty of the continent of africa to engage and engage meaningfully. and i'm calling upon our institutions of highlighting, particularly those which are different, are logically inclined to ensure that we set ourselves in the mind th

, it is also important to ensure that we have continental approach. so the, if the regions are doing something about it, the continent is also a live, the reality that we have a common position. it is not sufficient that up country or the agent has. and the in do they just late, they've, i've, you know, that allows it to forbid a waste. but it's also important that as the continent we have a common position. and it is only this that we give meaning to the conversation that we have around climate change. it is only this that we give meaning to the argument that we have around the question of a gun exceeds these only this that we give meaning to the conversation that we have about the and what and if we are to engage in this conversation properly, it is important very quickly that we have one of the con declination that does not allow a ways to be dumped in any part of the continent of africa in order to sift good away environment. and in order to ensure that africa and also comes up protected from agents which undermine the quality of people's lives on

so also to union is trying to implement domestic a continental free grid area. and for us as a continent, therefore to speak with one voice to be a safer moving in as africa union with a declared the continental legend, which will then be the agenda that is taken to the brakes. but as it is, individual countries are getting into brits with the consequence that the african countries which are not members with wants to gain feel that they are not part of the potty. and that to me is undesirable deck. on example, if you're dealing with the, with the countries which the prime movers of bricks, like, like china, you're talking about on the economy that is in excess of 10 korean, you're talking about brazil who's the economy is in excess of to trillion. you're talking about india, who's economy is in excess of nearly 4 treaty in united states dollars. and all of this because i am done is new cut, the largest african economy, done, or the nigeria, which has a gdp of slightly above 500 video. and united states does luca to egypt, which is just about $400.00 video non so

so we will see more integration processing in on the continental. and that will be a stabilizing sector globally. as we've faced the destructive efforts of the collective west to maintain its hedge, i'm unable to go to a new system and in addition to buy, let's roll out for it. so to the, under the federal initiative is by natural efforts. we have 2 regional organizations such as the c o, c on this is c, as deals aside from the city. sure. union of arab states because do it. and so all of these, most the forums and organizational some have a very comprehensive agenda on many dimensions. different dimensions, secuity, and usually the regional leaders, regional players across the world, you know, starts to realize their responsibility over the security of this region in their own respective region. let's say we have the 3, so the 3 formats for them on the other use of importance. they asked about 4 months on syria such trunks. she's the son of mine, and i believe that the experience we've gained from participating and all of these formats houses us ha

the continental army. he decided to do it overland. i don't have a laser pointer but sort in the middle of that map you might see schemes bureau today it's so burgoyne force was going from fort ticonderoga down to schemes burrow eventually to the southwest there to fort and and then south to fort edward about, 22 miles. now trek demanded a tremendous expenditure of energy from the troops, hoisting 60 pounds packs on their backs. the men trudged forward. but in places had to stop every or 12 yards because. trees blocked their way now why were trees in the way because major general philip schuyler of the continental army instead looked at his men. you will begin as near fort and possible to fell across the road sort of like a big pile of pickups. you will make obstructions as effectual as possible. take up every bridge and burn the covering and timber so the continental broke up about 40 bridges, tore a three mile long cause that ran through a swamp, all to delay the progress of burgoyne forces. the british and german could clear some of

the continental army. he decided to do it overland. i don't have a laser pointer but sort in the middle of that map you might see schemes bureau today it's so burgoyne force was going from fort ticonderoga down to schemes burrow eventually to the southwest there to fort and and then south to fort edward about, 22 miles. now trek demanded a tremendous expenditure of energy from the troops, hoisting 60 pounds packs on their backs. the men trudged forward. but in places had to stop every or 12 yards because. trees blocked their way now why were trees in the way because major general philip schuyler of the continental army instead looked at his men. you will begin as near fort and possible to fell across the road sort of like a big pile of pickups. you will make obstructions as effectual as possible. take up every bridge and burn the covering and timber so the continental broke up about 40 bridges, tore a three mile long cause that ran through a swamp, all to delay the progress of burgoyne forces. the british and german could clear some of

so they went after continentals as well. including some of the barbs friends of lozano's legion. so they were a feisty bunch. but. the militia was to supplement the british forces, allowing their troops to do more soldier like things. there's no tales written about them that achieved no great glory. they weren't intended to. that wasn't their job. but the british needed them nonetheless. thank you. all right, you, chad. now to just talked about militias supplementing the british regular army. and you probably are all familiar with another way that the british supplemented the regular army, namely with the german soldiers that are widely called hessians, even though many of them weren't, and who are also widely called mercenaries, even though by modern definitions, none of them were now. dr. alex burns is taking deep dives into german regimental and german archival sources and other documents and discovered that the germans kind of get a bad rap in this war. they're often characterized as being highly formal and slow moving and ill prepared for the kind of fighting that happened i

1776, following the continental out of canada in 76. canadians in many of the major conflicts the war and were active until their discharge in 1783. his presentation argues that ideology was a major in enlistment and continued in the of the canadians in the american revolution and the broad appeal of the american ideology during the revolution that transcended cultural and and political boundaries. robert swanson is a ph.d. student at the university of missouri and hence had a nice long trip to get here. good morning and welcome rob. good morning. i'm honored and excited to be here to be able to talk a little bit. these canadians who participated in the american revolution. it been a while since my undergrad, which was a while ago that i've been looking at at these guys and their stories. so i want to start with a little story. on the night, october 14, 1781, the soldiers, the second canadian, also known as congress's own regiment marched towards the outer defenses of british defenses. yorktown. shot sounded from british muskets as as a

1776, following the continental out of canada in 76. canadians in many of the major conflicts the war and were active until their discharge in 1783. his presentation argues that ideology was a major in enlistment and continued in the of the canadians in the american revolution and the broad appeal of the american ideology during the revolution that transcended cultural and and political boundaries. robert swanson is a ph.d. student at the university of missouri and hence had a nice long trip to get here. good morning and welcome rob. good morning. i'm honored and excited to be here to be able to talk a little bit. these canadians who participated in the american revolution. it been a while since my undergrad, which was a while ago that i've been looking at at these guys and their stories. so i want to start with a little story. on the night, october 14, 1781, the soldiers, the second canadian, also known as congress's own regiment marched towards the outer defenses of british defenses. yorktown. shot sounded from british muskets as as a

join press o the continental congress the item. all john hancock hussar georgia the button. gwinnett lei man hall and george war are the north carolina way. william hoop. joseph hugh and john ha ga o south carolina. edward rutledge, thomas heyward, junior. thomas lynch junior and arthur medal. todd huszar ma la. edward rutledge thomas heyward junior. and i believe i'm reading wrong group. you know what. even so still worthy. as i said. marilyn. samuel chase. william parker, thomas stone and charles carroll of carrollton are, ya. ma jen ya. george where ratchet henry lee. thomas jefferson. did you mean harrison. thomas nelson junior. francis lightfoot. lee and carter. braxton. oh, beth, i beg your. rob barnes. benjamin. rush. benjamin franklin. john morton. george clymer. james smith. george taylor. james watson. and george. ha, la delaware. where? let me hear. good, good. caesar. rodney. george. read and thomas met king. ha, ha. new york. william floyd. philip livingston. francis lewis and lewis. morse. hudson oh. new jersey. new richard. stockton don weatherspoon. france. h

this was the reality of life in the continental army. for the break, frank brothers in the second rhode island regiment, the first battle that the brothers were engaged in occurred at red bank. the two rhode island regimen were dispatched to defend the forts along the delaware river rsey in october, 1777 troops of maryland and connecticut were land.oned at fort mifflin, a mud that is where the yellow arrow is pointing. and the rhode island troops were statio for mercer at red that is where the red arr pointing at detachment of soldiers from the second rhode reinforce troops at fort mifflin. initially the rhode island troops were able to defend fort mercer and repel british and hessian troops. however, the british able to eventually capture fort mifflin, forcing the rhode island regiments to evacuate both forts as a result of the battle. 14 were killed, 21 were wounded. but they did receive praise and accommodations for the exploits, and the commander, the first rhode island regiment, colonel christopher green, received a commendation swo

things on the initiative, such as of the continental free thread area, must not allowed be allowed to be just initiative, which would be dead on arrival. they must be confused with this, put it upon us with as of. so the africans within the mazda continents and africans, is that they ask for, going to begin to pull in one direction. i remember uh, so very fondly these words of malcolm x. when he said that a gnostic on any way in the world will never ever be respected until the day the mazda conference is receptive, and i have no doubt in my mind that what the colonial is trying to raise is now beginning to emerge is 30 through the midwife, 3 of the 4 legs on the deal for the senate gun now tells us unconfirmed to us that africa is the cradle of civilization. history now conforms to us that disappears to find out what kind is a must be the day and when that will push the continent of africa in the direction of the few months go or the police economically spiritually. and otherwise, the quantity then is up across roads. and the question is, how do we behave? i know how one of the things

so there are nine major generals in the continental army. if you want to throw george in there as commander in chief, that's 30 individuals. now, those individuals, only one of them became a jeffersonian republican in the early republic. and was horatio gates. he's the only one to be a jeffersonian who actually will serve in the new assembly in 1800 to to vote for thomas jefferson, to have him become become president of instead of john adams. but i'm going to stop there. thank for listening and happy to answer any questions. any questions. do you get the impression that is trying to restore or recover the prestige that he wanted from the british in the by the early mid 1770s by going with the american? i mean, is that what's motivating him, do you imagine? i think i think on every corner for that we honor like all men in the 18th century. and gates is certainly one of them that he felt like he had been dishonored while was a british officer not not receiving the position prominence he felt he deserved. and i think as a general in the america

this was the reality of life in the continental army. for the break, frank brothers in the second rhode island regiment, the first battle that the brothers were engaged in occurred at red bank. the two rhe land regiments were dispatched to defend the forts along the delaware river between pennia and new maryland and connecticut were stationed at fortin, mud island. that is where the yellow arrow is pointing. and th rhode island troops were stationed at fort mercer bank. that is where the red arrows pointing at detachment of soldiers from the second rhod island was also oveto reinforce troops at fort mifflin. initially the rhode island troops were able to defend fort mercer and repel british and hessian troops. however, the british able to eventually capture fort mifflin, forcing the rhode island regiments to evacuate both forts as a result of the battle. 14 were killed, 21 were wounded. but they did receive praise and accommodations for the exploits, and the commander, the first rhode island regiment, colonel christopher green, received

and one of the reasons for that is that we are a lot at this very continental $54.00 countries. we haven't really been able to pull our resources. and if you haven't looked at german carpet, a classic example we africa tried to, for example, x is fake scenes, but 54 individual countries are trying to do that. they didn't have the scale. they didn't have the volumes. and what the free trade area aims to cheap, it aims to consolidate volumes or aggregate findings on the continent so that the continent does get economies of scale. and i think once you've bought scale, you can leverage it scale for either business type we basement the guy, sions, but also as a possibility and a real way of investing laws, even the content of the continent is the most industrialized. at the moment in the world and the free trade in or actually started aggregates in volume store including resources, gives you that opportunity to start sydney accelerating some of the industrialization objectives that the continent has. so if you're able to do that through 2 additional members and you're able to neighbo

army fall of 1775, in the spring of 1776 following the continental army in canada in 1776 some canadians be dissipated and many of the day in a i'm are active the discharge in 1783. his presentation argues it ideology with a major factor in continue participation in the canadians of the american revolution and illustrates the broad appeal of the american ideology during the revolution transcended cultural and political boundaries pretty robert swanson is a a phd studet at university of nursery some trick to get here. good morning and welcome. [applause] [applause] >> good morning everyone. i'm very honored and excited to be here to be able to talk a little bit about these canadians american revolution. it is been will like my undergraduate which was a while ago. looking at these at these guys in the story so want to start with a little story, the night of october 14, 1781, with the soldiers the second canadian also is congress on regiment. marshall the other defenses of british defenses of yorktown shot sounded from the musk is a combined force of american french industry attacked and th

so the continental congress happens. the continental association is passed. new york has all of these various committees that are formed, and they're all kind of humorous named there's the committee of 50 and the committee of 51. committee 60, the committee of 100. and the last. he's really pack the committees early on. more of more members delancey ates than people who support mcdougal. but the balance shifts as people are added to these committees when it comes to the spring of 1775, the new york assemblies refuses to adopt proceedings of the continental congress. we're not going to we're not going to deal with them. we're not going to accept what happened in the legislature because. it's not legal. it has no legal authority. we have legal authority. we're the ones who should be protesting. they refuse to select or appoint new to the second continental congress. and this is followed the wannsee controlled legislature. so what does mcdougal do and his supporters do? they just set up a new government to this. just the masses think realizes that things are goi

so there are nine major generals in the continental army. if you want to throw george in there as commander in chief, that's 30 individuals. now, those individuals, only one of them became a jeffersonian republican in the early republic. and was horatio gates. he's the only one to be a jeffersonian who actually will serve in the new assembly in 1800 to to vote for thomas jefferson, to have him become become president of instead of john adams. but i'm going to stop there. thank for listening and happy to answer any questions. any questions. do you get the impression that is trying to restore or recover the prestige that he wanted from the british in the by the early mid 1770s by going with the american? i mean, is that what's motivating him, do you imagine? i think i think on every corner for that we honor like all men in the 18th century. and gates is certainly one of them that he felt like he had been dishonored while was a british officer not not receiving the position prominence he felt he deserved. and i think as a general in the america

we need to think continental does the title of the book continental. if we are going to do have a better understanding of this critical moment this critical period in which we took on this new trajectory, new course into being who we are today, we will not understand ourselves. we won't understand who we are fully until we pay attention to this as well. okay, thanks very much. but you. are pretty much out of time here on overall heading to our next sessions but if there were any quick questions i'll be happy to entertain them. yeah you need to go to the michael here. so this is my question i think for almost everyone i listen to historians especially as a classroom teachers we're looking at this wanting know how do we bring this to our students so what would you recommend for classroom teachers to be able to pull from what you're arguing in the book that we can bring to our students recognizing we have a limited amount of time. well read, the book obviously. but but but the other if i were you i think just choose a few really vivid examples. so we're t

the continental army. he decided to do it overland. i don't have a laser pointer but sort in the middle of that map you might see schemes bureau today it's so burgoyne force was going from fort ticonderoga down to schemes burrow eventually to the southwest there to fort and and then south to fort edward about, 22 miles. now trek demanded a tremendous expenditure of energy from the troops, hoisting 60 pounds packs on their backs. the men trudged forward. but in places had to stop every or 12 yards because. trees blocked their way now why were trees in the way because major general philip schuyler of the continental army instead looked at his men. you will begin as near fort and possible to fell across the road sort of like a big pile of pickups. you will make obstructions as effectual as possible. take up every bridge and burn the covering and timber so the continental broke up about 40 bridges, tore a three mile long cause that ran through a swamp, all to delay the progress of burgoyne forces. the british and german could clear some of

they refused to appoint new delegates the second continental congress. so what does mcdougal and supporters to? n they stand up and james delancey realized things are going poorly for them. he thinks i'm friends with orcas rockingham and we have been corresponding for years. park is new york's agent in the parliament and he took the case in person. the delancey's wanted the legally elected assemblyman. people like mcdougal thought you are not going to do that. you aren't going to do all we want.t delancey leads and he never comes back. by the time he leaves things go from bad to worse. >> you covered all the communities but i wantedco to ak you mentioned particularly committee ofe mechanics. they are all these communities and some of them are delancey controlled. because they are controlled by resilience users as new committee committee called the committee of mechanics that basically says you had listened to what we say. >> is composed primarily of people who want to abdicate themselvesal to delancey. they want to try to control it but they never did. t