coolidge historian amity slade. rings first inln c-span's most recent historical survey of presidential leisure. mr. coolidge came in at 27th place. ♪ brian: amity shlaes, why do we spend so much time in this country and on our network and in your life talking about presidents? amity: thank you, brian. i'm glad to be with you and with harold. we talk about presidents because people understand people better than ideas. and we eventually want to get to ideas, but we get at those ideas through people, our presidents. brian: dr. holzer, i'm often -- i want to call you you even though you're not a doctor. harold: thank you for that mixed introduction. and thank you for having me on the show and welcome to franklin roosevelt's home from which we are broadcasting tonight. why? i think amity has it right. i also think that we were blessed to have a first president who was a national hero before he became president, and was a touchstone and an icon and created a presidency that was centered on both personality and ideas, but

and this summer, there is a show about calvin coolidge and grace coolidge's pets.laughter] numerous. there is an apocryphal statement, but i will still attribute it to him, that he said you really shouldn't be president if you don't understand about pets. pets are very important, including rebecca the raccoon, who is featured in this show. [laughter] brian: i want to divert just for a moment, because i had the pleasure of interviewing both of these people on many occasions. but amity might remember an event we had some time ago, when you came in, and i want you to complete the story. this is a very painful thing for me to bring up, but i have to get it on the record. she came in to do the interview in a nice-looking red dress, and she said to me, "this is going to be a very important interview, because my grandmother watches this program." then what happened, amity? ms. shlaes: oh, then the tape did not tape. [audience exclaims] and brian put it in the can, but it was blank. and brian and the poor young man, who was a new hire, i believe, brian: he is still here. -

i knew coolidge before i knew him through someone actually much younger than coolidge.nd i would guess that's also the midwestern agricultural type. coolidge was from vermont, but vermont moved to the midwest, which is to say, the man of few words and many thoughts. brian: question? yes, sir, the gentleman over here. >> thank you very much for this presentation. i wonder whether legacy could be one of the 10 criteria, the overall impact of the individual on the future. and i think i'll just mention one president, wilson by name, who notwithstanding the lofty rhetoric and initial legislative success, left a legacy of racism, a sign of the times, but nonetheless racism, the inability to get the league of nations passed, the disaster of versailles, and, of course, that is the precedent of his incapacity. so, legacy and in connection with it. mr. holzer: well, i think the legacy question is dealt with in the various categories because the implicit judgment is made based on legacy because we are not there. but i think you found a perfect moment to talk about wilson. so, as l

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i hope people will take a look at calvin coolidge, get to know him, i am the chairman of the coolidge foundation, get to know the foundation. we even have a project right now by which you can help edit his papers. a sort of citizen library at work, and comment. why you should care is because a lot of his speeches address issues that have to do with the situation now. what to do in a downturn. why things are important? what about family? all those things? . the greatwar ii end depression? that is what we heard from our mother, right? democrats or progressives are often apologizing. well, in a kind of voice, only the war ended the depression, i.e. franklin roosevelt. the relevant questions about the great depression is not how did the war end? there was mega spending. why did that cost on depression last all the way to the war? we turned off the economy like a faucet. roosevelt turned on something like a faucet. 30%, i spending went don't have the chart, of gdp in a matter of minutes. that felt like getting a transfusion feels healthy to a sick person. the test of true economic health i

he would support coolidge and coolidge in turn would not speak against the muscle shoals purchase byry ford. ford was not politically sophisticated enough to notice the language there. he would come out and endorse coolidge. coolidge would not oppose selling muscle shoals to henry ford. any politician who had any experience would have told ford, wait a minute. think about it. susan: the vagabonds made their way to vermont. what was that trip all about? jeff: it was just an amazing thing. they would go on their trip to visit coolidge in his summer home. they would endorse him. ford very much expected that coolidge would speak out in favor of the muscle shoals sale to henry ford. to ford and to edison and to a lesser extent firestone, burroughs had passed away by this point, they would get together and tell stories and the vagabonds would stay overnight. to coolidge, it was taking an hour out of his schedule to get the endorsement of some prominent people. and the vagabonds were shocked that mr. and mrs. coolidge started saying goodbye and they were escorted out. it was just a shock to

calvin coolidge is a great example.is literary style was very clipped, concise, and surprisingly funny. it lined up with his image. he was known as silent cal, even though he had two fantastic books. he is somebody we should remember for his words as much as his absence of words. that stern and buttoned-down and serious approach lined up with his politics and his traditional approach to american life. the literary style of calvin coolidge lined up with the life of calvin coolidge, and readers and voters responded to both things. susan: we have president obama talking all the way back in 1985 about writing "dreams." let's put that on as we get close to the end. [video clip] >> my father was a black african. and my mother was a white american. and much of my life was spent trying to reconcile the terms of my birth that divided heritage with the realities of race and nationality, tribal identities that exist not just in this country, but also overseas. so that this book is not so much a memoir, i think, as a journey of dis

andrew johnson, fillmore, chester arthur, roosevelt, coolidg arthur, roosevelt, coolidge, trn and johnson very well could have ascended to the role of acting president instead of president. so that's the story of the first accidental president and what happened. >> and to juxtapose of what i think is the biggest success story. i'm almost tempted to say despite the fact weighing presidential succession and that the founding fathers gave us the guide were nothing close to a blueprint, we navigated through pretty well and got pretty luck lucky, it is a remarkable story except for the fact when abraham lincoln dies, we were supposed to get the vision of reconstruction instead john wilkes booth gives us andrew johnson born and raised a racist and i racist the last president to own slaves did not emancipate his own until seven months after the emancipation proclamation and as president resurrecting almost every old element of the confederacy paving the way for the jim crow laws which gave us segregation. if i look post- civil war america, that can be described as the story of two presidential a

>> i want to give up a plug for coolidge, thanks for plugging him. he was a great president, he believed in chief business, he believed in economic activity as piloted for trouble. he was cautious, he was believer in the states. he was a strong federalist. people will take a look at him and get to know him, i am the chairman of the coolidge foundation. we even have a project at the foundation right now by which you could help at his papers. it's kind of citizen library, and comment on his papers and why you should care is because a lot of speeches addressed issues that have to do with the covid speeches now. why saving is important in a downturn. what about family? all of those things? the second question you had, did world war ii and the great depression, that's what we hear from her mother's. in fact, democrats or progressives are often apologizing, only the war ended the depression. for instance franklin roosevelt. there embarrassed about that. the red question is not how did the war, but there is make a spending, but why did that depression last

coolidge fishing, or at least pictures of coolidge looking for fish. d.c. changes in 1776 looking back this panoply of history. d.c. any changes in 1976 in campaign techniques and methods? >> much of it will be the same. there is a real effort for the candidate in a most any democratic society to make contact with people at the human level. the convention is going to be a rallying ground of partisans on both sides, in addition to actually nominating the candidate. on the other hand, there have been changes. some of the changes are the result of changes in the whole society. a greater dependence on the media than there would have been 50 years ago when it was not available. there will be less of the kinds of parades and that sort of things which dominated it a hundred years ago. in other words, it has to change as the society and communication instruments change. then, to some extent, there is a heightened way, because the candidates move around the country and are seen by everyone on television and heard on radio, they are forced to debate issues more clear

writing, amity serves as a presidential scholar for king's college, chairs the board of the calvin coolidge presidential foundation, and in a big coup for us at michigan chairs the whole selection committee for the manhattan institute high outcries. an award she herself has won. few decades have imprinted on the popular imagination quite as much as the 1960s and so many of us remember that decade for its most dramatic and turbulent moments. the assassinations of the kennedys and martin luther king jr. the march on washington and antiwar protests. neil armstrong on the moon and fighting in vietnam. amity's focus is not the job that played across the screens on the country Ãbindeed a generation of politicians came to realize that the centralized hierarchical and highly regulated model of political economy that dominated postwar america had stopped working. yet more than just the technical failures, amity captures the stifling feeling of a country run from the top down. america put up with the machinery and culture of mobilization during the two world wars and in the early years of a nuclear c

coolidge fishing out there. looking for fish. see any major changes and 76 looking back at this panoply of history. do you see any major changes for 76 and campaign techniques and methods? >> much of it will be the same. there is a real effort of a candidate, to almost any democratic society, to make some kind of contact with the people at the human level. this is in part where they were trying to do. and the convention is going to be a rallying ground of partisans on both sides, in addition to actually nominating the candidate. on the other hand, it seems to me that there has been some changes, some of the changes are the result of changes in the whole society, where there is a greater dependence on the media. more than would have been 50 years ago. it was simply unavailable. there will be less of the kinds of parades and that sort of thing which dominated it 100 years ago. what i'm saying is, it has to change as the society and as the communication instruments change. i think that to some extent that because of the candidates m

one of my favorites is calvin coolidge. during his time that radio came into being and he did 22 speeches into the radio microphone and for people that remember his imagine, it wasn't -- it would not have been terrific for television, but it was okay for radio. and it was during the time that he was on radio, the audience built, it grew. like c-span started out with 3 million homes and went up to 100 million. he started out with very few radio stations and went up to several hundred more. those stories exist in each -- with each president. >> kennedy was brilliant at it. he charmed everybody. he charmed the press, too. i think of franklin roosevelt, too. he would have the whole white house press corps in his office once a week, sit at his desk, field questions and duck questions. he knew how not to answer. >> right. >> but, you know, when you spend that much facetime with the president, it's very effective in getting them to pull their punches. >> this is one we'll all be very curious to see how our current president fares

that is calvin coolidge. coolidge did not like people all that much. he also was burdened by the death of his son while he was president. he also did not like to speak all that much. there is this great story that arises with coolidge when he is at a dinner party. a woman sits next to him and says, i made a bet with someone i can get you to say more than three words. he said, you lose. [laughter] susan: not surprisingly, we have four or five cards that went to ask about the incumbent president. i will use this one. perhaps again, michael, because you just talked about historians being a part of the culture in which they live. will historians be able to look at president trump in a nonbiased way? michael: great historians, that is what they have to do. they have to find a way to be dispassionate about their subjects so they can be able to write about them in a way that will improve understanding and enrich our understanding of history. trump, itth president might probably take some time for people to be able to put him in perspective. that is what histo

coolidge fishing out there or at least looking for fish.major changes in '76 looking back at this p panoply? >> much of it will be the same. there is a real effort for the candidate to make some kind of contact with the people they -- at the human level, this is many part what they're trying to do. and the convention is going to be a rallying ground of partisans on both sides as much -- in addition to actually nominating the candidate. on the other hand, it seems to me there have been some changes. some of the changes are the result of changes in the whole society. greater dependence on the media than there would have been 50 years ago when it simply wasn't available. there will be less of the kinds of parades and that sort of thing which dominated it a hundred years ago. in other words, what i'm saying is, it has to change as the society and as the communication and instruments of communication change. and then i think that to some extent there is a -- because the candidates move around the country -- because they are seen by everyone on t

coolidge didn't like people all that much.he was burdened by the death of his son while he was president. but he also didn't like to speak that much. perhaps the president with the fewer words and there is a great story that arises with coolidge when he's at a dinner party and a woman sits next to him and says oh, i made a bet with someone that i could get you to say more than three words and he says, "you lose." >> not surprisingly we have four or five cards that want to ask about the incumbent president. so i'll ask -- i'll use this one and perhaps michael you could start. because you just talked about orrans being a product of the culture in which they live. this person wants to know will historians be able to look at president trump in a nonbiased way? >> it will be difficult. but great historians, that is what we have though do. they have to find a way to be dispassionate about subjects to write about them in a way that will improve understanding and enrich our understanding of history. i think with president trump, might

next, abraham lincoln scholar harold holzer and calvin coolidge historian amity slade.rvey of presidential leisure. mr. coolidge came in at 27th place. ♪ brian: amity shlaes, why do we spend so much time in this country and on our network and in your life talking about presidents? amity: thank you, brian. i'm glad to be with you and with harold. we talk about presidents because people understand people better than ideas. and we eventually want to get to id

coolidge did not like people all that much. he also was burdened by the death of his son when he was president. he also did not like to speak that much. he is perhaps the president with a few us words. there's this great story, of course, that happens when coolidge was at a dinner party and the woman who sits next to him says oh, i made a bet with someone that i can get you to sing more than three words. he says you lose. (laughs) >> not surprisingly, we have four or five parts that want to ask about the incumbent president. i will use this one and perhaps, again, michael you can start. you just talked about historians being a product of the culture in which they live. this person wants to know, will historians be able to look at president trump in a non biased way? >> it will be difficult, but great historians, that is what they have to do. they have to find a way to be dispassionate about their subject, so they can be able to write about them in a way that will improve understanding and enrich our understanding of history. i

three republican presidents, harding, coolidge and hoover. and the republicans controlled the presidency from 1921 until 1933, and congress from 1918 or from the 1918 election until 1930. domestically, it was an era of laissez faire. in other words, give business a free hand. now that might be surprising to you, because we had discussed the progressive era when there were a great many -- although there was the federal trade commission, there were other commissions to control business, but in the 1920s, those commissions were manned by people from the industry, so they weren't doing much controlling. internationally, we cut our commitments abroad, beginning with the failure of the senate to ratify the league of nations, wilson's league of nations. and these two policies taken together, laissez faire and our reluctance to take our place in the world, although we had emerged from world war i as the most powerful nation, would prove disastrous to the united states and to the world in the 1930s. so let's say a word about each of the presidencies,

one of my favorites is calvin coolidge. during his time radio came into being and he did 22 speeches into the radio microphone and for people who remember his image, it would not have been terrific for television but it was okay for radio. it was during the time that he was on radio, the audience built and grew. since c-span started out with 3 million homes and went up to 100 million. he started out with very few radio stations and went up to several hundred more. those stories exist with each president. >> any thoughts on press relations concerning presidents you know? >> i think kennedy was brilliant at it. he turned everyone but charmed the press as well. i do think of franklin roosevelt as well because he would have the whole white house press corps in his office once a week. he would just sit at his desk and field questions and duck questions. he knew the ones not to answer. when you spend that much face time with the president, it is very effective at getting them to pull their punches. >> this is where i will be very

this reminds me of one of the greatest stories of any presidents, and that's calvin coolidge. coolidge did not like people all that much, he also was burned by the death of his son when he was president but he didn't like to speak that much either. perhaps he's the present with the fewest words. there is a great story with coolidge when he was at a dinner party, and a woman sits next to him and says i made a bet with someone that i could get you to say more than three words. and he said you lose. >> not surprisingly, we have four or five who want to ask about the incumbent president. i'll use this one, perhaps again michael you could start. because you just talked about historians being a product of the culture in which they live. they want to say will they be able to will historians be able to look at president trump in a non biased way? >> great historians, that's what they have to do they have to find a way to be dispassionate about their subjects, so they can write about them in a way that will improve understanding and enrich our understanding of history. i think with pre

one of my favorites is calvin coolidge. it was during his time that radio came into being, and he did 22 speeches into the radio microphone. for people who remember his image, it was not terrific for television, but it was ok for radio. it was during the time that he was on radio, the audience built, it grew. just like how c-span started out with 3 million homes and then we went up 100 million homes. he's started out with very few radio stations and went up to several hundred more. those stories exist with each president. john: right, right. any thoughts on press relations, presidents that you know of? >> i think kennedy was brilliant at it. he charmed everybody, but he charmed the press too. i do think of franklin roosevelt. he would have the whole white house press corps into his office once a week. just sit at his desk and field ck questions and he knew how not to answer. when you spend that much face time with the president, it's a very effective in getting them to pull their punches. >> this is where i will be very cur

that is calvin coolidge. coolidge did not like people all that much. he also was burdened by the death of his son when he was president. he also did not like to speak all that much. there is this great story that arises with coolidge when he is at a dinner party. a woman sits next to him and says, i made a bet with someone i can get you to say more than three words. he said, you lose. [laughter] susan: not surprisingly, we have four or five cards that went to ask about the incumbent president. i will use this one. perhaps again, michael, because you just talked about historians being a part of the culture in which they live. will historians be able to look at president trump in a nonbiased way? michael cohen it will be difficult, but that's what great historians have to do. way to beto find a dispassionate about their subjects so they can write about them in a way that will improve understanding and enrich our understanding of history. president trump, it might take some time for people to be able to put him into perspective that is what story -- what

rank. >> coolidge didn't say much about what he said was funny. grover cleveland, who as you pointed out, true story, he grover cleveland had very few friends on capitol hill. late one night, in the middle of the night mrs. cleveland, wakes up the president. and said there are thieves in the house grover. he says, no my dear, these are -- . harry truman said, without a sense of humor, a man with go crazy in the oval office. and i think there's a lot of truth to that. >> i once did a notes on ronald reagan, he kept this note card system, filled with jokes. so in any speech, you could pick it, it be dogs, or who want this club, and he'd have them in order, and he put these jokes in his speech. and it would it went over very well. reagan was all about humor. and i think it's a key quality, to be a successful president. like you said, even though when there are exceptions, but presidents need or have to show a robust sense of sense of humor. if you take yourself too sensitive to seriously you will become a bore. >> but he sometimes over did it, and so

oversight you see right i'm busy you know right you and i have been doing this for a while me since the coolidge ministration and we've always asked that question do we in the media do we commit libel i do not saying something right you know new york times again sullivan which is the we know we all know the case is when the actor read the the journalist actively says something that shows malice or reckless disregard for the truth but can we extend this and i think the courts in the legislature have to deal with is can we extend that to the omission not only thesis versus malfeasance i think there's a bigger question and you know what i could have used some. thing throughout my entire career which has guided me in how i write and prepare this newscast this story that you and i are doing and every story that i do on every given day and it is this. can i assure myself in my heart of hearts and what i look in the mirror at the end of the night before i go to sleep that i treated the person i did a story on the way i would want to be treated that's my judge that's my question and it's not a matter of

fauci at 10:00 on c-span3 if you want to see comments from him and members >> now, author and calvin coolidgepresidential share, -- discusses the unintended consequences of government intervention during an economic crisis. she says, the current economic situation is best compared to the financial crisis which follows world war one and the spanish flu. from the heritage foundation, earlier this week, this is about 45 minutes. >> i'd like to invite our to special guests joining me on the screen, stepman and amity shlaes. i invite them to turn on their cameras. jay lee signal of cohost of the podcast. he is also the author of the book, warren history, the conspiracy r

he was appointed under calvin coolidge, and he lasted through coolidge, then through herbert hoover, so was there in the early years of the great depression. he was there through the three plus terms of franklin roosevelt's presidency, through the new deal into the second world war i roosevelt died, truman kept him on. hoover was there through the early cold war and through mccarthyism. when hoover -- when truman left, eisenhower came in, and hoover stayed through both eisenhower's residential terms. through the rise of civil rights politics, he stayed on through john f. kennedy. after kennedy was assassinated in 1963, he stayed on for lyndon johnson's presidency. when lyndon johnson left office, he stayed on through richard nixon's presidency. and finally died in the position of fbi director in may of 1972. throughout this period, as you can see, hoover lasted -- one of the great themes in this world of bipartisan politics, he lasted through eight presidents, through two dozen attorneys general, republicans and democrats alike. he was, of course, never elected to this position, but

part two, with that in mind, where did calvin coolidge rank?>> you know, coolidge didn't say much, but what he said was funny. the great -- grover cleveland, who as you pointed out, true story. grover cleveland had very few friends on capitol hill, particularly in the talkative guild that calls itself the world's greatest deliberative body. anyway, late one night, middle of the night, mrs. cleveland wakes the president and said there are thieves in the house, grover. and he says -- he says, no, my dear, thieves in the senate. harry truman said without a sense of humor a man would go crazy in the oval office, and i think there a lot of truth to that. >> i once did a little book called "notes of ronald reagan" and he kept this elaborate notecard system filled with jokes. any speech, you could pick, it could be dogs, he'd have them all in order and he'd pull a card and put the jokes in his speech and it went over very well. i mean, reagan was all about humor. and i think it's a key quality to being a successful president. like you said, there are

calvin coolidge, we think of him as vermont, but in fact, he was the mayor of north hampton, massachusetts. his ranking was 27th. relations with congress highest, lois had four different categories where he ranked number 29. now you might not know that george h w bush was born in massachusetts and so for that fact we included him on the survey here tonight, highest category was an international relations number 8, lowest category vision and setting an agenda. remember he used to talk about the vision thing all of the time? well, historians agree with him, 27 plays for that. total score was 596 out of a thousand. so that in summary is what you will find in our book on the presidents. it's for sale after this is over and we really thank the massachusetts historical society for offering it to you. if you decide to purchase the book, i want you to know that we are not doing this for commercial reasons. it's all about education and in fact, any loyalties that c-span makes to the book goes to nonprofit c-span education foundation. we make free teaching materials for high school and middle school

the united states, warren harding, calvin coolidge, herbert hoover, they were not friendly to the left in any way. and the left did not really come back to life in a big way until the 1930s under franklin roosevelt. >> thank you very much. you have wonderful questions coming in. this is a group of history educators. >> i can see from the questions. >> in fact, they are favorites of yours, but i am seeing a number of questions about your primary sources, if some of them are available digitally, particularly that amazing map that you showed. will they be reproduced in your upcoming book? we are pretty enamored with those documents. >> that amazing map, i found online. i couldn't tell you exactly the website involved, but i think if you google ethnic map of new york military intelligence 1919, you will very quickly bring something up. one set of resources that are online now, through an organization, a website called fold three .com. it is associated with ancestry .com. it has digitized a number of, a vast number of military records. and they have also digitized the records of the investi

between harding and coolidge, that they talked about business a lot and i believe there is somethingem using a bully pulpit to encourage the american public to pull up their own bootstraps. >> harding's campaign slogan was a return to normalcy. he made clear to the american people they had a choice between bigger government after the war or going back to the kinds of policies that, you know, really industrialized america between the civil war and world war i and created this global superpower that was emerging. so you know, that was a very important characteristic. the other thing was, silent cow, when he took over, inspired a great deal of confidence in people. people felt very comfortable with him. that is something that is missing now. i'm not saying mr. trump needs to be replaced because the other side doesn't inspire confidence. more has to do with divisive in washington. washington in those days believed in american capitalism. they believed in free markets. now about 2/3 of the town does and 1/3 of the town is saying everything is broken, everything is wrong, the system's a fa

the united states, warren harding, calvin coolidge, herbert hoover, was not friendly to the left in any way, and the labor movement didn't really come back to life in a big way until the 1930's under franklin roosevelt. >> thank you very much. we have again just wonderful questions coming in. this is a group of history educators, of course. they are very interested. >> i can see. i can see from your questions. [laughter] >> you can see them? in fact, it's, i'm seeing a number of questions about your primary sources, if some of them are available digitally, particularly that map you showed, or will they be cited and reproduced in your upcoming book? i think we are all pretty enamored of those documents. >> that amazing map i found online. i couldn't tell you exactly the website involved, but i think if you google "ethnic map of new york, military intelligence 1919," it will very quickly bring something up. one set of resources that are online now, through an organization, a website called fold3.com, associated with ancestry.com, has digitized a vast number of military records. they've al

the united states, harding, coolidge, hoover, was not friendly in the left in any way. i think the left and the labor movement didn't really come back to life in a big way until the 1930s under roosevelt. >> thank you very much. again, just wonderful questions coming in. this is a group of history educators. we're very interested in the sources. >> i can see from the questions. >> you can see them, too. in fact, if there are favorites -- i am seeing a number of questions about your primary sources. if some are available digitally, particularly that amazing map you showed, or if they will be reproduced in your upcoming book. we are ee nonamored of the documents. >> that map i found online. i couldn't tell you exactly the website involved. i think if you google ethnic map of new york military intelligence 1919, it will very quickly bring something up. one set of resources that are online now, through an organization -- a website called fold3.com, which is associated with ancestry, has digitized a number of -- a vast number of military records. and they have also digitized

coolidge came in at seventh place. ♪

book, "author and chief," looking at books written by presidents, including barack obama and calvin coolidgenight on c-span. coming up on "washington journal" -- we will check in with alex bolton to talk about the senate and the next coronavirus relief bill. ,hen we hear from aaron jones from the wilson center, who will talk about congressional operations and overall response during the pandemic. afterwards national constitution , center's jeffrey rosen looks at how the pandemic has affected the supreme court, hearing arguments by teleconference later this morning. "washington journal" is next. ♪ host: looser state restrictions and good weekend weather brought out thousands out of isolation and into parks and beaches across the country, raising concerns over a lack of social distancing, and potential detrimental health effects. health effects from the coronavirus. good morning, it is medically may 4, 2020. we will talk this morning and ask you about your state, has it reopened, has it loosened restrictions, what has been your experience? give us a call at (202) 748-8000

presidents, including teddy roosevelt, calvin coolidge, and barack obama.xt sunday night at 8:00 eastern and pacific, on c-span's q&a. >> c-span has round-the-clock coverage of the federal response to the coronavirus pandemic and it is all available on-demand at c-span.org/coronavirus. trackbriefings, updates, the spread throughout the u.s. and the world with interactive maps. watch on-demand anytime unfiltered at c-span.org/coronavirus. heard that you have done cyber security checks in -- there is a lot of concern that members of congress do not know how to practice good cyber hygiene. tripsave taken two overseas and i've gotten a phone that i checked out from the travel office that is not associated with me. a travel phone. you never know when you plug that phone in if it is going to charge and what might get loaded on it. might come into contact with it. that is one of the steps i take. >> virginia democratic representative virginia on the steps she takes to safeguard her capitol hill office. watch of the communicators monday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern o

as for calvin coolidge, they didn't call him silent cal for nothing.s left for franklin d. roosevelt and those famous fireside chats. >> this bank holiday, while resulting in many cases of great inconvenience, is affording us the opportunity to supply the currency necessary to meet the situation. >> he was explaining toe he about to shut down the banking system. there was an incredible intimacy to his voice, but it has a quality of compassion to it. >> it is your problem, my friends, your problem no less than it is mine. together we cannot fail. >> reporter: this, remember, was at a time when radio announcers war tuxedos to work, when their delivery was incredibly styleized. and what did f.d.r. do? >> the task that we americans now face... >> reporter: he memorized those talks so his delivery was much more relaxed. >> never before have we had so little time in which to do so much. >> he understood that radio was a performative media. it wasn't like other kinds of performances. f.d.r. kind of took that philosophy to the citizens himself. we would try to