van thillo: we have whale recording system, all our dive setups to dive on coral reefs. io of the sea is on mir, which is a traveling video studio that makes educational film. and we can sail everywhere, so it's a perfect platform to study the ocean. dustan: corals, what we think of as stony corals that build reefs, are actually a symbiosis of the animal and a microalgae that lives in its tissues. the animal captures food from the ocean, like plankton, and that supplies nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients. the algae, like a plant, carries out photosynthesis and utilizes those nutrients. when the water gets too hot, the algae are producing so much oxygen because their rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature, that the oxygen they produce is sort of toxic, there's too much, so they become expelled. if the water gets hotter still, the coral turns white. it's bleached, lost its algae, and the coral may die. so the plants see it as a place to live, and they just begin to grow there. if we don't have fish to eat them and to eat the algae, then it's like weeds overgrowin

dustan: corals make the frame of the reef. the other animals live in and on that. they're like the trees in a forest; the fish live in the corals much like the birds live in the trees. the corals have specialized fish that live with them, and together they form the community of the coral reef. so we have a co-evolved community that's been doing this for 200 million years. it's like if you go into a small community in new england that's been around for maybe 200 years, everybody's very close-knit. there are all these people that have their little jobs, and they all fit together to make the community work well. so imagine one day when we go into that new england community and we kill the gardeners, and the weeds begin to grow. and then we sort of randomly kidnap people, take away a couple lawyers who take away a couple doctors, we take a few mothers, we take the garbage collector. oh, all of a sudden, the garbage doesn't get collected. pretty soon, that community just falls apart. milner: it's this diversity that's key, that's keeping the reef alive, the reef as a who

it's estimated a quarter of all marine species depend on coral reefs and coral reefs are these incredibly vibrant, abundant places, rich in marine life. but coral have a problem. they're bumping up against climate change . the reason why coral are first of all animals. they're kind of like little secret anemones that live in colonies. most of them are about the size of a pencil eraser. and their superpower is that in their tissues and you can see in that number one for little green dots are algae. and this county photo synthesizes and fees 90 percent of the sugar they make to the coral and then it's so much energy at the coral can make stone. they make the limestone skeleton that they live inside of and that creates the uarchitecture of the lake. but when temperatures rise, we don't know exactly who started either the coral kicks out the alley algae or the algae abandons the coral and takes with its color and also t its sugar so suddenly the coral is on starvation rations and it's bleached, it's called bleached at that point. if the temperature doesn't fall, if the temperature falls this

you showed some pictures of the bleached coral reef and the revitalized restored coral reef in the same indonesia reef there. you mentioned the rebar -- the restarts i believe were used. i guess, if it takes one -- 2 degrees of temperature change to bleach the coral, how much more does it take to restore the coral? i am interested in how it restored in the same area. >> the bleach -- the reef that was restored was a bombed out reefer. there's a thing called black fishing which is common around coral reefs unfortunately. that would have been blackfish too. unless they put those starsn place, that rubble would roll around and reef could not reestablish itself there. that reef had been bombed 30 years ago. you see the sort of similar crumbling in a bleached reef. i should be clear that they were not the same places. they weren't the same places. t what was the question? >> how could restore agree streets? that project has been used on over ten but it's the largest restoration that exists right now. will that work and other places around the world? that's still to be seen. they done install

coral. this is what a bleached reef looks like. it just looks like a pile of bones so when a reefbleaches , like i said if the water doesn't cool down, soon enough they eventually the coral will start to death and dying and along with it all the animals that make their homes on the reef so that's kind of the critical position that we're in right now with coral reefs. and i hate to leave this ugly picture appear. but will leave it for a moment. in the book you do describe the trouble that coral is in because of climate change but another thing i got is that coral is also highlyadaptive . which it seems could give us the knowledge that we need to be able to save them. and you describe a lot of the technology that to me pointed to something interesting which is that humans are causing the climate change that's causing these problems but we also have the capacity to invent solutions. so could you talk a little bit about that, what are some of the technologies and interventions that you are thinking about? >> when i wanted to write this

one quarter of all marine species depend on coral reefs at some point in their life. they are incredibly vibrant abundant places that are rich in marine life. but so the reason coral are animals that live in colonies they are like and enemies. the superpower is that in their tissues and then to take the sugar that they make that they can make the limestone skeleton t and then that creates the architecture. but when temperatures rise either the coral and takes with it the color and also the sugar so now the car one —- the coral is on starvation rations and it is called bleached at that point. if the temperature falls symbiosis can be reestablished but if not then the coral dies. a bleached reef looks like a skeleton, bones in a graveyard and ultimately that is what it is. this is a true reality for coral reefs that already half of them have bleached and the projections for 2050 are bad but it is not an obituary people are around the world doing things that are bolstering the health of the coral reefey as they come into this. the stress as we warm our oceans and planet,

i species not animals but species depend on the coral reef. per duper outside important. ading to the reef hugging the shoreline coral need to locate himself there is sunlight for the algae that are main source of theirir energy. there are also located in the tropics that's of the day links are longest most of the time. it's all about giving their algae the chance to gather the sunlight they need to produce a sugar. the problem is, this is truly the only graph i promise. this graph shows okay, of 1975 to 2021 -ish on the bottom axis. in whitest and the brown line that wiggles up and up and up is the temperature of our ocean. you can see how it has been been increasing over time by the ocean has a very high specific heat capacity. it absorbs again the amount off heat we've added to our planet through climate change through burning fossil fuel. already he is around a degree or a degree in half warmer. 90% of the heat the carbon dioxide holds that we have emitted from burning fossil fuel 90% of that has gone into the ocean. though the ocean has suffered against him the worst

it's if the coral reef ecosystems become extinct, it's not just the coral. it's those other quarter million species that depend on the reefs. so it's it's a massive shift. it's not just one species like the endangered species act addresses. it's it's an entire ecosystem and a really rich the richest ecosystem in the ocean and you know, it's all about temperature. so if we can make some changes and client in carbon policy, that's the most important we can do. can we give julie a round of applause? thank you all thank you for being such an engaged audience. julie will be signing books in the in the tent. so and maybe you can answer. more questions happy to thank thanks for coming. thank you. thank you for doing this.

a thriving coral reef. o withstand rising sea temperatures. translation: this coral reef is _ temperatures. translation: this coral reef is a _ temperatures. translation: ti 3 coral reef is a cultural heritage that egypt owns. it is now something of importance to mankind. the un has warned that if temperatures rise by 1.5 celsius, 90% of the worlds corals will be wiped out. scientists say that saving e.g. �*s super coral could help vulnerable reefs in other parts of the world. they hope that the hosting of the un climate summitjust metres away from these reefs focus global attention on the threat facing this unique coral. 0ur this unique coral. our investigation has identified a hidden source of pollution that could endanger these reefs. just beyond the resort towns of the red sea is a major oil processing facility. leaked documents from the plant operator show that completed wastewater is being dumped into the sea here on a massive scale. i the sea here on a massive scale. , . , scale. i see lead, i see cad

well, scientists are taking a deep dive into protecting coral reefs in the world's oceans.re willing to listen, there's a way you can help. >> reporter: researchers are asking people to put their ears to the ocean to help save the world's coral reef. under growing threat from climate change, pollution, and overfishing. >> it's a whole world that we're not aware of so it's really exciting to try and find out what all these sounds mean. >> reporter: this marine biologist and her team dove deep to capture hundreds of hours of coral sounds in marine-protected areas around the globe. google is helping scientists sift through the audio with an online platform anyone can access. which reveals what a healthy reef or a damaged one might sound like. >> you have ears from all over the world, and people listen differently. a young person can hear higher frequencies. >> reporter: although listening is aimed at uncovering different sounds of marine life to help track illegal mining and pinpoint areas in need of revitalization. >> the same sound can mean a different thing if they change c

if you go diving in the red sea, you will find something very rare, thriving coral reefs. thstand rising sea temperatures. the un has warned that if temperatures rise by 1.5 celsius, 90% of the world's corals will be wiped out. scientists say saving egypt's super coral could help vulnerable reefs in other parts of the world. just beyond the resort towns of the red sea is a major oil processing facility. leaked documents from the plant's operator shows that polluted waste water is being dumped into the sea here on a massive scale. at: dumped into the sea here on a massive scale.— massive scale. ac lad, i see (an , massive scale. ac lad, i see cappy. ac — massive scale. ac lad, i see cappy. ac copper. - massive scale. ac lad, i see cappy, ac copper, ac- massive scale. ac lad, i see| cappy, ac copper, ac nickel, massive scale. ac lad, i see - cappy, ac copper, ac nickel, ac heavy metals here, and it is concerning. —— ac lead. the concerning. -- ac lead. the data shows _ concerning. -- ac lead. the data shows there _ concerning. -- ac lead. the data shows there are - concerning

christina heroism al jazeera are un batch report has warned that the world's largest coral reef should be added to a list of endangered world heritage site. scientists say urgent action is needed to save the great barrier reef off the coast of australia by st. will require quickly cutting greenhouse gas emissions and increased funding to protect its delicate marine ecosystem. australian government says climate change is a threat to coral reefs. and how should sites around the globe, not just in their country. what i say is, there is no ne, to single out the right mary racing australia because there is no government taking the risks to carl rapes more seriously than the australian government. and we're working hand in hand with the claims and government and to protect, restore and manage the great barrier reef so that future generations will have the same opportunity to say this magnificent sight as wave head over to lech his head of oceans at w. w. f. australia, he joins us from brisbin. welcome to the program. firstly, how does climate change affect the nature of the great barrier ree

well, scientists are taking a deep dive into protecting coral reefs in the world's oceans.isten, there's a way you can help. >> reporter: researchers are asking people to put their ears to the ocean to help save the world's coral reef. under growing threat from climate change, pollution, and overfishing. >> it's a whole sonic world that we're not aware of. so it's like really exciting to try to find out what all these sounds mean. >> reporter: marine biologist mary shadipo and her team dove deep to capture hundreds of hours of coral sounds in marine-protected areas around the globe. google is helping scientists sift through the audio with an online platform anyone can access. which reveals what a healthy reef or a damaged one might sound like. >> we've got a listening collective where you have ears from all over the world. also people listen differently. so a young person can hear higher frequencies and they might pick out a sound that an older person won't. >> reporter: all the listening is aimed at uncovering different sounds of marine life to help track illegal mining an

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. able to climate change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs are likely to be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. we're joined now by the president of the federated states of micronesia, david panuelo — hejoins us now from pohnpei. the un says your country is one of those most directly at risk of those most directly at risk of climate change. what are you looking to get out of cop27? thank you for having me on your programme. i bring you warm greetings from art paradise in the nation state of micronesia. the challenge is very big. about a year ago the ipcc issued a warning to humanity and so leaders are gathering there in egypt to address this very big challenge. i believe cutting super pollutants means we can avoid at least four times warning at 2050, cutting c02, this will provide at least four times the reduction in co2 or the emissions we are trying to grapple with. here in our islands we are seeing not only the impact on our food security but infrastru

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. y vulnerable to climate change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. justin rowlatt bbc news, egypt. brian kahn is climate editor at protocol and lecturer at columbia university's climate school. he joins us now from new york. what do you see as the main challenges at cop 27? the big challenges. — challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this _ challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this is _ challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this is going - challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this is going to i challenges at cop 27? the big | challenges, this is going to be a cop that is going to be about loss and damage, developing countries as in developed countries as in developed countries to pay for the climate damages like those you just talked about. the developed world has spent the past few centuries using atmosphere as a free waste for carbon dioxide and other damage being caused by that in developing

you in bite report has recommended the planet's largest coral reef system be listed as in danger. scientists or warning urgent action is needed to save the great barrier reef off the coast of australia. they say greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut quickly and funding increased to protect the fragile marine ecosystem. australia's environmental environment minister says the reef shouldn't be listed as endangered because climate change is a threat to all coral reefs around the world. meanwhile, australia was conducting the largest census of the great barrier reef program, has collated more than 50000 images of the heritage site. so record reports from cams where much of the research if they're on the reef is based on its peak season. on the great barrier reef, thousands of tourists flocked to queensland every year to experience one of the 7 nat to wonders of the world. eric fisher is a tourism operator, is also a marine biologist, and understands the importance of protecting a reef under threats. so we're all stakeholders. we all care about the reef. it's a beautiful i call. so we do, can w

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. ge. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. justin rowlatt bbc news, egypt. nineteen people have been confirmed killed after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. authorities say more than 20 people managed to survive the crash. tom brada reports. huddled on the wings of the sinking plane. these are the survivors of a crash that plunged more than a0 people into the waters of africa's largest lake. disbelieving crowds gathered around the shoreline offering help and local fishermen ferried survivors back and forth to dry land. despite their efforts, many of the passengers were unable to be saved. translation: people managed to open the emergency door. i as you would try and rescue people, the water would search in and in the end, i was able to rescue seven people. the passenger plane took off from tanzania's capital in the east. it was heading for a city o

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. dibly vulnerable to climate change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. justin rowlatt bbc news, egypt. well, earlier i spoke to the boston globe's climate change reporter, sabrina shankman, about the many challenges facing the delegations at cop27. it is so much ground to cover but that is the case and every one of these meetings and what is different this year is some of the urgency behind this because with every year, we can the mine and less there is to make a serious packed and so, one of the things is really interesting this year that we have seen committed to today and formalises part of the plan for the next couple weeks is that damages are going to be a part of the agenda for the very first time and there will be an open debate over how can rich nations adequately help poorer nations which are by and large dealing with the brunt of the impacts of climate change but are the least responsible. that is goi

the trailers government says climate change as a threats to coral reefs and heritage sites around the world. not just in its territory . mostella is conducting a census on the great barrier reef the program has collected will and 50000 images of the heritage side. sarah clark reports from kins, it's peak season on the great barrier reef. thousands of tourists flocked to queensland every year to experience one of the 7 natural wonders of the world. eric fisher is a tourism operator, is also a marine biologist, and understands the importance of protecting a reef under threats. so we're all stakeholders, we all care about, or if it's a beautiful why. so we do, can we do really care about what's going to happen to the reef in the future. it's with that in mind that he's signed up to the largest co race census of it's kind, thousands of snorkeling tourism upright. his fishing charters and recreational divers have joined the program around 50000 images have been collected so far, and 315 reefs had been surveyed. there was just as desperate need for large scale recognizance of, of the whole

through the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and bio diverse coral reefs in the world.ate change. to sign to save virtually all the world coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. think what that means. an ecosystem that's taken hundreds of millions of years to evolve gone forever. let's be clear what the issue here is. the sox are going to be all about cash and we know how those conversations can be. developing world conversation is very simple test of the richer world, you got rich burning fossil fuels, you've got to help us out here. they want to help adapting to climate change and this year they're saying they also want help with the loss and damage our changing climate is already causing. these are going to be difficult discussions. justin rowlatt reporting there and a little later in the programme i'll bejoined by former climate advisor to the 0bama administration daniel kammen. downing street has said the prime minister believes expletive—laden text messages sent by the minister, sir gavin williamson are "unacceptable". a source from n

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiversity coral reefs in the world, but corallimate change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. now, think what that means. an ecosystem that has taken hundreds of millions of years to evolve, gone forever. just in roulette reporting there. nineteen people have been killed after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. the aircraft had taken off from the capital dar es—salaam. the authorities say they did manage to rescue 26 people, who have been taken to hospital. emergency workers had to use small boats to reach the passengers. the crucial us midterm elections, which will decide who controls congress, arejust a couple of days away. president biden and former president 0bama have taken to the stage together at a campaign rally in pennsylvania. let's hear from the united states. joining me is alistair dawber, washington correspondent for the sunday times. thanks very much forjoining us. we know th

here's diorama of a slurry in reef on display at the milwaukee public some of the earliest coral reefson the planet developed along what would become the lake michigan between 420 and 440 million years ago, with an especially rich collection, such reefs centered roughly on the location of milwaukee today. life there included shelled animals, crawling trail of bites and sorry trilobites. what's the other one going? refreshment and pods. trilobites. these flower like things they look like flowers. their animals called grenades and. the dominant predator in this system, this long octopus type critter called a cephalopod, and the remains of creatures collected on the sea floor. three, 3 million years or so, and eventually those remains became limestone, which then was converted by undersea chemical reactions to. dolomite. this hard erosion resistant cousin to limestone makes up the bedrock of most of the lake michigan shore, including the the rock under where we are now. and it it also makes up that rock that makes the is also the rock that makes up the niagara escarpment that's strip rock

we would lose coral reefs. 60000000 more people would have to deal with the droughts that would lead to hunger and searching for water. 12000000 more people would deal with coastal flooding. so as it stands right now, they're just holding those emissions reductions to work towards 2 degrees that was agreed and the paris agreement. so, big picture perspective here. what's essentially at stake big picture is, is well, you know, how much warmer it's going to be at the end of the century. so we're looking at a half degrees difference. and, and like i said, that's going to affect people on coastline dealing with drought, dealing with worse heat waves. so this, this is the element that still has to be decided on that. so the w sam, big many things other stories now making use at the shower, british prime minister, written suna, has met with ukraine's president for lot of miss zalinski on his 1st trip to keith since taking office tonight vowed that his country would continue to stand by ukraine announcing a new 57000000 euro air defense packet. north korean leader kim jong own has introduce

we would lose coral reefs that 60000000 more people would have to deal with droughts that would lead to hunger and searching for water. 12000000 more people would deal with coastal flooding. so as it stands right now, they're just holding those emissions reductions to work towards 2 degrees that was agreed in the paras agreement. so, big picture perspective here. what's essentially at stake big picture is, is well, you know, how much warmer it's going to be at the end of the century. so we're looking at a half degrees difference. and like i said, that's going to affect people on coastline dealing with drought dealing with worse heat waves. so this, this is the element that still has to be decided on that. so the w sam big many things and our colleagues in film. o'shea caught up with climate activism. a touch was sing. they asked him about his perspective on cop 27. i'm disappointed. i'm saddened. i'm hurt. i'm not just hurtful myself. i'm hurt the people that are being affected right now. i'm hurt for the people that i've talked to that of cried to me that have pleaded for help all o

we would lose coral reefs. 60000000 more people would have to deal with the droughts that would lead to hunger and searching for water. 12000000 more people would deal with coastal flooding. so as it stands right now, they're just holding those emissions reductions to work towards 2 degrees. that was agreed and the paris agreement. so, big picture perspective you're, what's essentially at stake. big picture is, is, you know, how much warmer it's going to be at the end of the century. so we're looking at a half degrees difference. and, and like i said, that's going to affect people on coastline dealing with drought, dealing with worse heat wave. so this, this is the element that still has to be decided on that. so the w sam, big, big many things other stories. now making news at this hour, authorities in china's capital bay jang have urged residents to stay home. as new cases of grown of virus rise. many restaurants and shops have been shut. the government is trying to is trying a more targeted approach to restrictions amid public anger over it. 0 coverage strategy of city wide lock d

what half a degree might make a difference, a 2 degree world or 2 degrees of warming means that no coral reefs in the future. a means 12000000 more people dealing with coastal flooding. i mean 60000000 more people dealing with drought that will increase hunger and water shortages. so this room is really pushing on increasing efforts to reduce emissions. so that's, that's what stalling a final deal at this point. and did a lot at stake there did up a, a sam baker reporting from the comp 27 climate summit in egypt. thank you so much. also joining us now from the climate summit in shemelle shake is mitzy joel tan. she is a climb. and just as activist from the philippines, welcome t d w. so we've been talking about this deal on a compensation fund. how significant would that be for countries in the global south battling climate change? i country is one of the most climate foldable countries in the world climate crisis just a week before comp, we insured at least 1000000 us dollars in damage and infrastructure agriculture. that's just one of the several types of forms that hits my country every sin

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. incredibly vulnerable to climate change. scientists warn virtually all the world's reefs are likely to be lost by the end of the century, probably sooner. justin rowlatt, bbc news, egypt. rachel kyte is dean of the fletcher school at tufts university. she is a former senior un official working on climate change. shejoins us now from sharm el—sheikh. thank you for being on the programme. so much at stake in the un secretary—general antonio guterres saying there is complacency, there is too much foot dragging. what are your hopes for what could be achieved this week? i your hopes for what could be achieved this week?- your hopes for what could be achieved this week? i think it will be incremental— achieved this week? i think it will be incremental progress, not our big breakthrough. you heard a lot sharma saint countries have a lot on their plate this year. we spent most of the weekend negotiating the agenda, agreeing what would be negotiated and it was a very tense. on one side you had

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. dibly vulnerable to climate change. scientists warn virtually all the world's reefs are likely to be lost by the end of this century, probably sooner. this only one issue on the table here in egypt, and that is cash. rishi sunak is expected to tell the 120 or so world leaders here tomorrow not to backslide on their promises of finance and support made at glasgow last year. but developing countries are looking for more than a hundred billion dollars every year. you got rich, causing the climate crisis by burning fossil fuels, they have said to developed nations, you need to pay to solve it. conversations about money are never easy and we are expecting some difficult discussions here over the next few days. thank you. downing street says the prime minister believes text messages sent by sir gavin williamson to the conservative mp wendy morton are "unacceptable". a formal complaint and investigation were already underway before the expletive—laden exchanges were published in today's sunda

if you go diving in the red sea, you will find something very rare — thriving coral reefs. ts say saving egypt's super coral could help vulnerable reefs in other parts of the world. just beyond the resort towns of the red sea in ras shukeir is a major oil processing facility. leaked documents from the plant's operator shows that polluted waste water is being dumped into the sea here on a massive scale. i see lead, i see cadmium, i see copper, i see nickel, i see heavy metals here, and it is concerning. it's alarming. the data shows there are levels of toxins in the water in breach of national limits. these measurements come from tests carried out by the state backed operator of the plant. they include a 2019 tender seeking a company to clean up the contaminated water. in the tender, it says that 40,000 cubic members of this produced water is being released today. the document doesn't say how long this has been going on, but satellite images, the earliest of which are from 1985, show a greenish plume coming out of the terminal. marine experts analysing the images say this is

vita has developed systems for growing heat resistant corals to help restore the world's dying coral reefse we've lost 50% of the world's reefs within the last decade. so this is a global issue, and reef restoration isn't something that's just exclusive to the bahamas. another winner aims to try and clear the polluted air in india. takachar won for the burner they created, which converts leftover straw and other agricultural waste into fuel and fertiliser. the earthshot prize has really catapulted us from where we were and the resources that we had, and has given us access to so many networks and resources that can really enable us to scale up work, essentially, and increase the pace of our work. earthshot says it aims to build a library of solutions over the decade. the idea is others will be able to draw on the expertise winning project establish, to help us all tackle the planet's environmental problems. justin rowlatt, bbc news. more coming up on all the stories from 2pm. now it's time for a look at the weather with darren bett. it's been a much quieter day to day with many places dry,

winner has developed systems for growing heat resistant course to help restore the world's dying coral reefs goal will be to have this around the world, to go global because we've lost 50% of the world's reefs within the last decade. so this is a global issue and restoration isn't something that's exclusive to the bahamas. >> another winner aims to try and clear the polluted air in india. it converts leftover straw and other agricultural waste into fuel and fertilizer. >> it has really catapulted us and the resourc we had has given usccess to so many networks and resources that can enable us to -- increase the pace of our work. >> earthshot aims to have a library of solutions over the decade. the idea is others will be able to draw on the expertise winning projects established to help us all tackle t planet's environmental problems. justin, bbc news. nancy: hundreds of workers at london's heathrow airport will walk out in the run-up to the world cup finals this month over demands for better pay. the unite union says 700 workers who are involved in ground handling, transport and cargo will st

a un—backed mission to the great barrier reef has concluded that the world's biggest coral reef systemger. the long—awaited report on the ten—day mission that took place in march says that warming waters caused by climate change and a lack of progress in reducing water pollution are the biggest threats to the reef. this change presents a "serious challenge" to the values that saw the reef registered as a global wonder in 1981. it is the second time such a recommendation had been made in the past two years. earlier i spoke to professorjodie rummer, a marine biologist at james cook university, based in townsville, queensland — which is in the centre of the great barrier reef. i began by asking her what does it mean to be on in danger list. yes, this is a wake—up call that we have definitely needed here in australia. this is the wake—up call that tells not only us here in australia but the global state that we need to strengthen and rapidly and urgently make a huge difference with our actions regarding climate change and emissions to protect the great barrier reef. why has it taken so lon

it says 99% of coral reefs, for example, would be wiped out at 2 degrees of warming. 0r there's globalen centimetres more at 2 degrees. and keeping to 1.5 means that 10 million fewer people would be exposed to the risks of flooding. and to be clear, this isn't just about the future — right now, the world is over 1.1 degrees warmer than pre—industrial levels, and that's already impacting our weather with more heatwaves, more droughts, more floods. and at this week's climate conference in egypt, the un secretary general, put it this way. the 1.5—degree goal is on life support and the machines are rattling. we are getting dangerously close to the point of no return. these are difficult messages to hear, but that's not to say there's no good news about climate action. to understand this better, we got in touch with climate scientist professor emily shuckburgh. thank you for coming to see us. that's ok. ok, so, the picture around 1.5 to say the very least is very difficult but are there things that we can concentrate on, things we can highlight where we can at least say, "look, some serious

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiversity coral reefs in the world but coralink what that means. an ecosystem that has taken hundreds of millions of years to evolve gone forever. let's be clear with the issue here is, these talks will be about cash and we know how difficult those conversations can be. the developing world argument is very simple thing to the virtual world, you have burning fossilfuels you have burning fossil fuels you need to help us out here. they want help cutting carbon and adapting to climate change and this year, they say they also want help with the loss and damage of changing climate is already causing. these are going to be difficult discussions. nurses are likely to take their first ever national strike action according to their union. the royal college of nursing is still counting ballot papers returned by its 300,000 members but says those counted so far suggest support for strike action, possibly before christmas. the rcn wants a 5% pay increase above the rate of inflation. nurses working in accident & emergency and critical care w

the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. ibly vulnerable to climate change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner now. think what that means. an ecosystem that's taken hundreds of millions of years to evolve, gone forever. rishi sunak arrived in egypt last night. these talks are reckoned to be the world's best hope of tackling climate change. the british prime minister will be announcing millions of pounds of funding for clean energy and forest protection today. he'll say the uk is steadfast in its support of countries on the front line of climate change. it's been another year of climate—related extreme weather. terrible floods left a third of pakistan underwater, for example. another year of drought pushed a0 million people in east africa closer to famine. developing nations are demanding not just millions, but hundreds of billions of pounds of assistance from the rich world. nicola sturgeon, the scottish first minister, will also be in egypt today. she

. - [julia] like a coral reef or a rainforest, the microbiome is an ecosystem unto itself. - when you have an ecosystem that is perturbed, the first question an ecologists asks is can you restore the ecosystem? - [julia] gloria's understanding of the microbiome started in of all places, the amazon jungle, where she saw firsthand how human microbial ecosystems can quickly change. - i've been working in the amazon for the last 30 years, since i was a student. amerindians have been living there pretty isolated for the last 20,000 years, and i was very interested in understanding the microbiome of traditional peoples. - [julia] through skin, mouth and fecal samples, she measured the impact that external environments in which people lived had on their internal ecosystems. gloria found that those living in the amazonian jungle ha a signicantly hher diversy in the microbes as city dwellers living in instrializ countries. buwhen an dividualrom the remote amazon moved to the city, they quickly lost their microbial diversity. this leads to a startling conclusion. - so that work has shown us tha

the government says climate change is a threat to coral reefs and heritage sites around the world. not just in australia . what i say is there is no need to single out the right mary racing australia because there is no government taking the risks to carl rapes more seriously have than the australian government. and we're working hand in hand with the claims and government and to protect, restore, and manage the great barrier reef. so that future generations will have the same opportunity to say this magnificent sight as wave head. australia is conducting the largest census of the great barrier reef. the program has collated morgan 50000 images of the heritage site. sarah clark reports from cans it's peak season on the great barrier reef. thousands of tourists spoke to queensland every year to experience one of the 7 natural wonders of the world. eric fisher is a tourism operator. he's also a marine biologist, and understands the importance of protecting a reef under threat. so we're all stakeholders. we all care about the reef, it's a beautiful i call. so we do, can we do really c

ah, no, are you in back report has warned that the world's largest coral reefs should be added to a list of endangered world heritage sites. so on to say urgent actions needed to save the great barrier reef of the coast of australia. they say require quickly cutting greenhouse gas emissions and increased funding to protect its delicate marine ecosystem. some humans also working to present global cultural heritage practices to prevent them from being last history, a unesco committees meeting in morocco to consider 56 combinations for inclusion on its list of intangible current, cultural heritage. zombie as cali la dance team is among the nominee. me, my name is shanell coach and i'm the director of the color la dance team that you said that i knew we knew sucka, rural. well, we door catcher activities from with their significance of their color. le dance is celebratory. done. every trip don't calla duncan and we have 5 chip dump amongst one more people. or these 2 are from the same plan over a month. and that is verizon, right? it's only common amongst these people. now what happens is th

me now are you in batch report has warned that the world's largest coral reef should should be added to a list of endangered world heritage sites. scientists say urgent actions needed to say the great barrier reef of the coast of australia. i say they require quickly cutting greenhouse gas emissions and increased funding to protect this delicate marine ecosystem. you and also working to preserve global cultural heritage practices to prevent them from being last history, unesco committees now meeting and morocco to consider 56 nominations for its list of intangible cultural heritage. sam b, as cathy le dance team is among the nominee. me, my name is shaneka. ha, i'm the director of the color la dance team that you said. we see a new role. well, we door catcher activities from with their significance of their color. le dance is celebratory. done every trip don't calla guntee and we have 5 just dump amongst the number of people on this trip up from the same plan over a month. and that is the reason why it's only common amongst these people. now what happens is that when we happen, i ten

john marie, me cuz system your streaming government says climate change is a threat to coral reefs and heritage sites around the world. not just in its country. what i say is there is no need to single out the bright barry racing astray because there is no government taking the risks to carl rapes more seriously . and then the australian government, and we're working hand in hand with the claims and government and to protect, restore, and manage the great barrier reef. so that future generations will have the same opportunity to say this magnificent side as we've had. ah, and let's take you through some of the headlines here now jazeera. now, the war in ukraine is set to dominate talks when nato foreign ministers meet in romania. in the coming hours alliance members will discuss how to help defend ukraine against russian air and ground attacks natal.

back report has recommended the planet's largest coral reef system be listed as in danger. scientists, a warning urgent action is needed to save the great barrier reef off the coast of australia. they say greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut quickly and funding increased to protect the fragile marine ecosystem. china has sent another 3 astronauts to its chan, gong space station. the crew traveling on board the ship jo 15 spacecraft, will spend the next 6 months living in the chang station. china has been excluded from the international space station after the u. s. ban nasser from engaging with beijing. alex bad reports on the latest launch. 321 your ordination ah, another milestone for china's space program. the shin jo, 15 known as the divine vessel, lifting off from the gobi desert for the tongue space station. and now the 3 astronauts on board we'll take over from the 3 others on the station. we've been helping finish the project for the past 6 months. i've been comrades in arms. we have been waiting for this moment for a long time. young helen's palace is waiting for you to co

a un—backed mission to the great barrier reef has concluded that the world's biggest coral reef systemthe ten—day mission that took place in march says that warming waters caused by climate change and a lack of progress in reducing water pollution are the biggest threats to the reef. this change presents a "serious challenge" to the values that saw the reef registered as a global wonder in 1981. it is the second time such a recommendation had been made in the past two years. i'm joined now by professorjodie rummer, a marine biologist atjames cook university, based in townsville, queensland, which is the centre of the great barrier reef. so, she sees this up close and personal. great to get you on the programme. in the first instance, perhaps you can explain to us what does it mean to be on the endangered list and what difference will it make? , , , ., ., ~' , list and what difference will it make? , , ,. , make? yes, this is a wake-up call that we have _ make? yes, this is a wake-up call that we have definitely _ make? yes, this is a wake-up call that we have definitely needed . make?

the beaches and coral reef were pockmarked by american bombs and littered with twisted metal debris. they recall that there are so many dead people in such a small island that they have to walk on the bodies to get from one place to another. during the bombardment, partially's family sought refuge in holes that they dug in the sand, and as wave after wave of american marines reached the shore, one elderly marshallese help, and she held tight to her bible. she remains hidden as they were calm in the islands, searching for wounded and dead americans, and for the surviving marshallese inhabitants, when the woman finally emerge from amid the smoldering remains of her island, she held up her bible to the americans and she told them that this is our book, we are christians from boston. an american protestant chaplain, who went ashore shortly after described finding a bloodstained hymnal, it had been printed by the american board in 1937. hoping to identify its owner, he showed the book to some of the surviving martially as people on the island. one man reached out and the chaplain reported