it is a piece of cotton. i feel like i have to say that quickly, given sometimes when people see this image, they think it is a brain. [laughter] john meacham earlier was talking about the battle of the brain versus the guts. i thought that might be on people's minds this afternoon. [laughter] but no, it is a piece of cotton. it was grown by enslaved georgians just before the civil war. on the face of it, it is a less intrinsically interesting as an object, probably. for most people, it seems less pike.icant than the out of everything i have talked about so far, it is this piece of cotton that gets us to the fundamentals, the taproot of the whole conflict. one way to think about cause and effect in general, what caused this event, is to imagine what would happen if you would take out certain factors, certain things. and it is really hard to to with history. dois not a lab where we can scientific experiments, where we can take one thing out, replay, and see what happens. but i think, based on informed speculat

of cotton.and a pairofjeans. well, lara lewington has been to sweden to see a facility which is hoping to refashion our cotton garments several times over. from the cotton fields to the clothes rail, it takes 20,000 litres of water to makejust one kilogram of cotton. and to put that into context, that is enough for a t—shirt and a pairofjeans. and that is why what is going on here is so important. at this swedish recycling mill, a fifth of that water is needed to create a comparable amount of fabric. the place runs on wind and water power, converting cotton into viscose in a process classed as climate positive. these bales are stuffed full of denim, in this case leg panels from pairs of jeans. so although this facility could separate any metal fastening or even any stitching which is made out of something that isn't cotton, here this batch has arrived all sorted already. but here, an eco—friendly chemical process is followed by de—dyeing the fabric. any remaining colour is then removed through c

of cotton.hat is enough for a t—shirt and a pair ofjeans. and that is why what is going on here is so important. at this swedish recycling mill, a fifth of that water is needed to create a comparable amount of fabric. the place runs on wind underwater power, —— wind and water. converting cotton into viscose in a process classed as climate positive. these bales are stuffed full of denim, in this case leg panels from pairs ofjeans. so although this facility could separate any metal fastening or even any stitching which is made out of something that isn't cotton, here this batch has arrived all sorted already. but here, an eco—friendly chemical process is followed by de—dyeing the fabric. any remaining colour is then removed through chlorine—free bleaching. water then transports this pulp into the next stage, where it will be dried for transportation. resulting in quite literally a blank canvas to be sold on to clothing companies. and this is the end result. a sheet of what is known as circulose, a

of cotton. and that is why what is going on here is so important. at this swedish recycling mill, a fifth of that water is needed to create a comparable amount of fabric. the place runs on wind and water power, converting cotton into viscose in a process classed as climate positive. these bales are stuffed full of denim, in this case leg panels from pairs of jeans. so although this facility could separate any metal fastening or even any stitching which is made out of something that isn't cotton, here this batch has arrived all sorted already. but here, an eco—friendly chemical process is followed by de—dyeing the fabric. any remaining colour is then removed through chlorine—free bleaching. water then transports this pulp into the next stage, where it will be dried for transportation. resulting in quite literally a blank canvas to be sold on to clothing companies. and this is the end result. a sheet of what is known as circulose, a type of dissolving pulp. that gets sold on and turned into thread

of cotton.o context, that is enough for a t—shirt and a pairofjeans. and that is why what is going on here is so important. at this swedish recycling mill, a fifth of that water is needed to create a comparable amount of fabric. the place runs on wind and water power, converting cotton into viscose in a process classed as climate positive. these bales are stuffed full of denim, in this case leg panels from pairs of jeans. so although this facility could separate any metal fastening or even any stitching which is made out of something that isn't cotton, here, this batch has arrived all sorted already. but here, an eco—friendly chemical process is followed by de—dyeing the fabric. any remaining colour is then removed through chlorine—free bleaching. water then transports this pulp into the next stage, where it will be dried for transportation. resulting in quite literally a blank canvas to be sold on to clothing companies. and this is the end result. a sheet of what is known as circulose, a type o

party, the most popular in massachusetts, began to be dominated by the cotton w hig party. the rise of textile production a wanderer through thee streets of boston by was less likely to hear someone 1820's talking about the rights of man like in the revolution and more likely to hear them discussing the price of cotton. a consequence of this is that it began to seem like the legal institutions and customs of slavery were coming north. l pointed out, northern blacks were unable to freely travel between the states. one of the central rights supposedly protected by the u.s. constitution. that wasn't all. northern african-americans could not easily travel abroad. the federal government controlled by southern slaveowners, was in charge of issuing passports. they refused to grant african-americans passports, because by doing so it might acknowledge the possibility of black citizenship. william wells brown, a fugitive slave intellectual, complained "after they degraded us, sold us, mobbed us, did everything in their power to oppress us, then if we wish to leave the country, the re

now today, roundup is sprayed on nearly every acre of corn, cotton and soy beans grown in the united states. - oh, that's a huge risk factor, for sure, from a product so widely used. so, what is non-hodgkin's lymphoma? - non-hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells, which are an important part of our immune system. because lymphocytes circulate throughout most of the body, non-hodgkin's lymphoma can occur nearly anywhere in the body. however, it usually develops in the lymph nodes, which are masses of tissue that store lymphocytes and eliminate harmful bacteria from our bodies. according to the american cancer society, they estimate that for 2018, over 74,000 people will be diagnosed with non-hodgkin's lymphoma with nearly 20,000 deaths caused by this disease. now it's unknown which percentage of cases are associated with exposure to chemicals, of course. - what studies have been done linking roundup exposure to non-hodgkin's lymphoma? - well, this is the interesting part, since 2001, three large studies have linked roundup exposure with non-hodgkin

identified with cotton weaving interest. the traditionalist conservative federalist mayor of boston for, establishment guys. in the late 80's, he became a radical critic of what happened in boston because of these things with southern slavery. you have the sense that my city, boston, is being lost because of the cotton wealth. , because it was where merchants who traded in cotton lived, they consistently voted against abolitionist politics well into the 1860's, while the rural parts were much more likely to support antislavery politics. that suggests the alliance between southern planters and northern textile makers have political consequences. many northern pol pot -- politicians abandoned their politics.ry begin ton whigs dominate the way party to keep tabs on textiles hi and prices on -- taxes on cotton low. i wander through the streets of boston, by 1820's, was less likely to hear someone talking about the rights of man and more likely to hear them discussing the price of cotton. this is thatnce of it began to seem with

i mean-- >> cotton: yeah, but it was-- it was an impact.is-- is the-- the amazing thing about nazareÉ is, you never know what you're going to get. >> cooper: that's what makes nazareÉ so exciting. the same day andrew cotton got hurt, a brazilian surfer named rodrigo koxa caught the ride of his life on this wave that some observers thought might have broken garrett mcnamara's record. >> maya, you are officially amazing. >> cooper: and just a few months later, another brazilian surfer, maya gabeira set a new women's world record on a wave that measured 68 feet. >> cooper: who do you think will be the next surfer to set a world record here? >> cotton: there's a lot of capable people to set the next world record. >> cooper: we wanted to see these world-famous waves up close. so, we rigged mcnamara's jet ski with three mini-cameras, and attached another to the end of a stick i could easily carry. we also placed three cameras with high-powered zoom lenses on the cliffs overlooking where the waves break, and hired another cameraman, jorge leal, to

of cotton.ater is needed to create a comparable amount of fabric. the place runs on wind and water power, converting cotton into viscose in a process classed as climate positive. these bales are stuffed full of denim, in this case leg panels from pairs of jeans. so although this facility could separate any metal fastening or even any stitching which is made out of something that isn't cotton, here this batch has arrived all sorted already. but here, an eco—friendly chemical process is followed by de—dyeing the fabric. any remaining colour is then removed through chlorine—free bleaching. water then transports this pulp into the next stage, where it will be dried for transportation. resulting in quite literally a blank canvas to be sold on to clothing companies. and this is the end result. a sheet of what is known as circulose, a type of dissolving pulp. these bales are stuffed full of denim, in this case leg panels from pairs of jeans. so although this facility could separate any metal fastening

guess who produce the cotton. it was the highest quality of cotton being produced for free across the world. that is how they were able to fund the industrial revolution. were not talking about this in the south. the reason that the north had wall street, is because the north had businesses off of the cotton. while the south formed it and they made money from agriculture. the north we do call it clothing businesses, thinking businesses to be able to do the exchanges between the cotton companies. to be able to sell it overseas, and everything business going with the agriculture of the south is what the north handled. so were talking about the entire country elevating from free slave labor. but for some reason, the poll don't think were entitled to different things. then to give you another little piece of food for thought. we do think about why black people do not trust institutions, i am the author of the experience study the reason there are blacks in commercials, i proved the best way to financially educate and

so the south would make money and think to businesses to do the exchanges in the cotton company to sell it overseas and then dealing with the agriculture of the south. so we talk about the entire country elevating from free slave labor. but for some reason people don't know we are entitled to different things. and then to give another little piece of food for thought when you think black people do not trust institutions so the reason there are black life insurance commercials and all types of other people and while i was doing the research, they had me working on asian american hispanics lgbt. what is going on? why are we not focus on african-americans? and they said black people do not speak a different language. that migrate grandmother raised by a slave i was raised by my great grandma. >> they said oh my god you have a direct connection to slavery. yes. most black people do. [laughter] so please tell me where there has been a pause in our history where black people have been economically educated. where is our economic history? why is it conveniently neglected from our black history

cotton was approved for use in 2008 but abandoned in 2016 after the quality of the crop declined. activists are now demanding an international ban on the use of g.m. mosquitoes in the wild they claim birchenough base was shut out of the expensive roll up process and say too little is known about the side effects the movement only for quite a few inject it would turn the media we ask why we have to inject billions into this highly controversial research. while almost nothing is putin to a proper health and sanitation policy. that would mobilize the community to avoid sites where mosquitoes breed sick when you look at the manipulation of these mosquitoes which receive new talks and that could then be released into the environment that could damage the food chain. for now target malaria is forging ahead with its plans to release more genetically modified mosquitoes in bana but it may be several years before anyone can tell the true effects on this community. joining me from johannesburg south africa mario my ads as i guess of director africa the center for biodiversity. thanks for yo

heroin for example which is made used to make oxy cotton and also fenton which is a synthetic opioid. on average opioids kill about 130 americans a day now that is a pretty large number it's in a massive number but i will say that issues of this magnitude they are multifaceted multilayered you know you have to look at the pharmaceutical industry you have to look at small town economic policies you also have to look at you know the u.s. as war on drugs and that raises the question you know what is really causing this this issue so i will say that the trade war does play a role with the opioid crisis but maybe not to the extent that. it is not you this is as we've known for decades why is from now suddenly blaming china well you previously mentioned in ongoing trade conflict but there's also been referred to as a trade war both the united states and china have used the state of their current relationship to kind of push back on mother hit back you know both politically and economically and i will say that this opioid crisis points to their current relationship being used as a fall guy t

isn't available but once they've taken on certain obligations they start asking themselves which cotton could make sense for me if i could come to condon's in my home for me. maybe i will get to that stage one day but for the moment i'll remain colace and maybe that is for the best. exactly 18 years after the 911 attacks on new york global brokerage b g c opened up its london trading floor for their annual charity day it commemorates the 658 cantor fitzgerald staff and 61 euro brokers employees who died in the attack britain's prince harry took part as a patron of the victims' games charity which supports military men and women who have suffered or injury or illness on the phone or sometimes 2 as traitors guided him through new gauche nations he raised 50000 pounds for invictus by closing a deal worth 1000000000 pounds over 10 years. program if you want more business news or background features go ahead and check out your dot com slash business i'm frisk oberlin for me and the entire team thanks so much. tom so you'll want to save on the rings why i moved here to barcelona just $200.00

really, all in all, there's not a whole lot here, but i'd say cotton is probably the worst off.certainly, but flooding is another. when you talk about the commodities that are most vulnerable, are there any in particular beyond cotton that might be completely hammered? because we know certainly from the flooding out in the midwest that soy and corn are down for the count. >> yeah. those are the big ones, definitely soy and corn, and it's not just flooding, but this whole season has been really rough for a lot of areas. we had a really wet start to the season, a really wet spring, and then it went dry and hot really fast. so it's been volatile, and there's been a lot of back and fort. a lot of these crops are definitely susceptible to these swings. liz: you predict weather for the energy industry as well. what kind of effect do you see from dorian? talk about liquid gas terminals being built, some of them might be hit by the atlantic hurricane season. >> yeah, not in this area so much. the biggest thing in terms of energy right now is power outages and demand destruction. i just

are certainly enough for all materials to underpin a thriving textile industry and learned well and cotton are abundant so retailers and textile producers were quick to adapt to the new situation. now only domestically produced or imported new clothing is on sale in rwanda tailors in the capital kigali are working harder than it any time before i know when i've been a tailor for 7 years the import ben didn't affect me run into believing us they buy the cloth and we saw it and. they're willing to pay more for it as well. good for those working for the house of tyo label the fashion company was founded by designer matthew regard 8 years ago. i think that it was a very important step by you know with the government banning secondhand clothing because we need to grow our industries we need to create jobs we need to create our own product because this grows a country in so many different ways. blending african and international designs has made sure matthieu regarded as house of toil label became well known abroad but in the main the rwandan textile industry has shown to be focused on domestic

come fall, they will pick the cotton and transfer it to the local gin, which removes the seeds.t stop is parkdale mills in gaffney, south carolina, where raw cotton is cleaned and spun into yarn. parkdale mills has more in common with silicon valley, than it does with the mills seen in the 1979 movie "norma ray." >> i'm going as fast as i can. >> yeah. they're watching me. >> reporter: i come into your mill, i expect to see sally field and i see robots, instead. >> to stay in business today, you have to automate. >> reporter: andy is the ceo. >> we couldn't survive if it wasn't automated. we have more robots than employees. but the employees are trained to operate the robots. it's the key to our survival. >> reporter: in 1960, a mill like this could have had 2,000 workers. today, about 25 work here, producing yarn every week. it's knitted into fabric and sent away to carolina cotton works, where it's dried and dyed. >> there's a series of hooks on the rolls. >> reporter: the founder, page ashby and sons, hunter, and brian, started working with winthrop in 2015, after realizing h

if you can sing while cotton balls are scratching your hands.'s pretty hard to cry and sing at the same time. so even that lesson carried me in prison. when i find myself getting so down sometimes. every day wasn't a good day for me. every day was not joyful. i didn't try to fake it either. but i also didn't let myself get stuck in that place. no one wants to come to a pity party. the other thing i found too, by encouraging other women but i literally encouraged myself. when they would ask me - - [applause]. yes! when they would ask me to pray for them, i was really praying for myself. i would start feeling my burden lifted up. just staying not focused on my condition or situation really helped me. one big thing that really helped me get through that time, was i had to forgive. i couldn't hold on to that bitterness. as i describe it, it is a rottenness of the soul. the person you think you are holding in that unforgiveness. they have gone on about their life while you are still walking around here angry. they're not even thinking about you. so w

to close a cotton are all whites if you give us the old congress worked in a bar that had many visitors from the west there were tourists for them these german money wasn't worth much so they gave a lot of tips if you tweet it so if you notice all smiles and far. in many restaurants it was an advantage if you could win over guests to be your allies they were quite liberal with the east german money that they exchanged $10.00 to $1.00 of them since owens but almost. all scandal has local mcdonald's and that's how you could easily earn a few 100 marks a day. or 2 who call up mark from. those cops whom object of your height but you know there were evenings when we went for a walk in berlin sometimes we'd walk through the central district and that always made us pensive because we could see the wall of the skins could be neo-con and on compared to not it was right there crisp oak very much about how he perceived the system out of the if you pull him out of the washboard he also talked about how he couldn't serve in the national people's army because he didn't want a political career on the

but also to dye the denim. 2000 gallons on average of water are used to grow a kilogram of cotton, and up to an additional 2900 gallons of water to turn that into a single pair of blue jeans. i think it is very easy for us when we go to the store and thinking about which jeans look the best and not necessarily thinking about what it took to make them and what it took to nada: is the goal for you to get consumers to change those habits, then? tatiana: this is not -- climate change in general and waste and pollution associated with consumption are not problems that can be solved by individual behavioral changes alone. those things are important to the extenthat people want to live and learn with their but this is reallysue that will take collective action. that comes about either through voting for politicians who will put regulations in place to prevent the more damaging effects consumption from happening in the first place, but also as consumers, we ve aem dous amount of power to not support the corporations that are perpetuating these bad practices, or not supporting t ones that are a

next was a similar looking lump of gun cotton paper fans in his childhood friends used to play around with the explosive materials they found on the beach they particularly enjoyed setting fire to them not realizing the danger involved until myself. so i guess we'd pick up the stuff without any gloves and we'd always get these blisters between our fingers and elsewhere. eventually we realized it was from the explosives. one of my friends collected some of it in were legal loves set fire to it and then put his gloves back on so he was in contact with the stuff for far longer than us. he was in hospital for 2 weeks or so because he got a new skin practically over his entire body fast i know out. in recent years as well large chunks of gun cotton have been found on the beaches of northern germany she's because i'm region peter farms is constantly on the lookout while on his favorite beach his most recent find was in 2015. experts believe that germany's north sea coast is home to 1300000 tons of munitions with another 300000 tons on the country's baltic coast. stefan marin is a marine bio

in recent years as well large chunks of gum cotton have been found on the beaches of northern germany the coastline region peter farms is constantly on the lookout while on his favorite beach his most recent find was in 2015. experts believe that germany's north sea coast is home to 1300000 tons of munitions with another 300000 tons on the country's baltic coast. stefan nehring is a marine biologist who has been tracking underwater ordinance for years. in 2003 he was asked by the authorities to examine dumps of poison gas near the north sea island of helgoland nehring was astonished to see the sheer number of munitions dumping sites marked on movie cool charts from the area. which i knew there were ordinance dumps primarily poison gas in the strait of scott iraq and off the island of borneo. but seeing all these areas marked right off our coast was completely new to me and learning that we have far more accidents than previously known if you look at statements from the authorities back then they refer to a few handfuls of incidents caused by underwater munitions but my research has sh

in these areas in coming years the program will also expand to scrutinize spinning and weaving and cotton production $27.00 companies have so far fulfilled the green button criteria some had been skeptical at 1st. another symbol another certificate who understands it anyway isn't it all too much but we've changed a lot of people's opinions dramatically and that's moved us to make sure that all the companies that are involved here atherley checked for their commitment and that this gives them an accreditation with objective value. critics complain that the certification is only voluntary but it's a start and the hope is that it will begin a rethink by consumers and that nudging them like this might have better results than another round of e.u. regulations. and that's all for business africa here on d w for me and the team member alan thanks for giving us company. on the bench are some of the famous naturalist and explorers. to celebrate comics on the from the bones from 250 in the morning on the floor of the discovery. expedition boy to the odd. i'm not laughing out of the job well i just

have engineered that deuils into this equipped what will remember all those times washington got cotton the act a league spy whistleblower edward snowden revealed years of interception is by the national security agency of servers routers an other network equipment made by cisco things were so out of control the company's management even went to the u.s. president to complain we simply cannot operate this week our customers trust us to be able to deliberate to their doorsteps products that meet the highs standards of integrity and security so to always seems the of made an offer that's hard to refuse no spine full control for the companies involved and seemingly no more security concerns the ball is now firmly in their critics court the british army's mulling replacing it's fossil fuel guzzling equipment with ecofriendly versions apparently according to the chief of general staff i was probably boy her explains there's a wide trend of western armies trying to attract minority and green conscious new recruits they might be in the business of killing but they don't want to kill the enviro

cotton is not eligible for the safety net programs. in one of the farm bill provisions important to many california cotton producers is the els or the pima competitive program. just like the majority of farmers and ranchers in my district, cotton producers are in a trade war with china resulting in loss of net markets and declining market prices. my office is working with the usda and the cotton industry to make needed updates to the program which the secretary heard about during his recent visit to california a couple months ago. but it's my understanding that the needed changes to the program are being held up by the omb, so what can you and the secretary do to help us get this done, and how can this committee be helpful? they're suffering and with crops currently being harvested, we need this program as soon as possible. >> i appreciate that. i'm restricted from conversations about what activity is at omb and the actual proposals, but we continue to evaluate inclusion of other varieties within that formula that would potentially imp

are certainly enough for all materials to underpin a thriving textile industry and learned will and cotton are abundant so retailers and textile producers were quick to adapt to the new situation. now only domestically produced or imported new clothing is on sale in rwanda tailors in the capital kigali are working harder than it any time before i know when i've been a tailor for 7 years the import ben didn't affect me run into believing us they buy the cloth and we saw it and. they're willing to pay more for it as well. good for those working for the house of tyo label the fashion company was founded by designer matthew regard 8 years ago. i think that it was a very important step by you know with the government banning secondhand clothing because we need to grow our industries we need to create jobs we need to create our own new product because this grows a country in so many different ways. blending african and international designs has made sure matthieu regarded as house of toil label became well known abroad but in the main the rwandan textile industry to show be focused on domestic d

deal with the prejudice he admits is fueling riots and attacks on migrants from elsewhere in the cotton that there have been reprisal incidents in countries including nigeria prompting south africa to close its embassy there mobs began looting and setting fire to foreign owned businesses in johannesburg and pretoria on sunday iran's are accused of stealing scarce jobs in south africa or unemployment is nearly 30 percent no amount of and. and frustration and a grievance can justify such acts off wanton destruction and criminality that can be no excuse for the attacks on the homes and businesses or foreign national. and as south africa closes its embassy in nigeria nigerians are recalling their top diplomat here i'm a tosser reports on this growing diplomatic fallout. most of these people are from zimbabwe they say they were attacked on monday at around 3 local time they saw dozens of men hitting towards them telling them to least of africa because they are foreigners what was in looted was destroyed all of us we are human beings so we have to if miss for each other. the way that other. t

is offered by japanese architect can go his installation is constructed out of balance though and cotton and extremely robust building materials the combination of regenerative and recycled materials brings together innovative design and sustainability bringing large scale works that incorporate new thinking into public space is one of the top priorities for a festival director been evidence way using these bigger scale installations in public places to have an impact the issue in london is there's too much going on and we're kind of spoiled cultivar culturally and creatively and we're trying to fly the flag for design and tell a story and really help us do it unfortunately pool cocks it just please be seated is only a temporary away says in the parceling scene when the festival is over we packed up and taken to a new high and. the biggest beer festival in the world gets underway in munich this weekend the october 1st actually always starts here in september and meanwhile there are fast replicas all over the world which begin well whenever it suits the various countries they're in and gu

that spike in crude prices is rising inflation concerns in south africa where traders had expected cotton benchmark interest rates when central bank officials meet on thursday traders now put the odds of a rate cut at about even south africa imports some 40 percent of its oil from saudi arabia another reason the central bank might leave lending rates untouched recent cuts haven't done much to help the country's sluggish economy. the e.u. is competition regulator has approved a major deal between utilities r w e and with conditions the deal would see take control of green power unit energy as part of a complex as asses the european commission has concluded it would not lead to higher choice or higher prices for consumers but the approval depends on selling solve its business in hungary and the czech republic. now it could be the world's 2nd largest i.p.o. this year when brewing giant on the shores of bush in bed kicks off a 2nd attempt to spin off its asian business in hong kong the i.p.o. on wednesday will be worth up to $6600000000.00 u.s. dollars and a test of investor appetite followin

here's your host dr cotton like you tot eh.

time bomb no new york state has moved to defuse it banning flavored versions names like bubble gum cotton candy captain crunch. which was my favorite. these are obviously targeted to young people. the people selling the e. cigarettes are fuming the have 2 weeks to offload vast quantities of their fruity stocks before the ban comes in. but when i heard about it it was late very troublesome it's going to affect a lot of business that's for sure and seconding all of my regular customers who are coming every day me of any disappointed with the news across the states the reeses on to crack down on triggered by a spate of related deaths in alyssa's especially affecting young people. around one in 4 high school students uses cigarettes and that number is rising donald trump has said a nationwide pool had bishan is forthcoming. we have a problem in our country it's a new problem it's a problem nobody really thought about too much. a few years ago and it's called vaporing especially vaporing as it pertains to innocent children. and they're coming home and they're saying mom i want a vapor one lead