true brothers turn czechoslovakia parents have been exterminated. they quickly became my friends having once belonged to a zionist youth organization a new account at supersonic but sometimes evoke in the majestic thing to teeth. we also spoke about how his mind. their parents, like mine had not had the courage to celebrate or emigrate while there while there is still time. we decided that if we were allowed to live until deliberation, we would not stay another day we left the tent for the musicians bob. we were not entitled to a blanket, washable and bar of soap. it was a german. it is good to have as your leader. his name is alfonse, a young man with a startling face. he was totally devoted to defending his block. whenever he could come he would organize a cauldron of soup or the young, for the week. for all those who dreamed more than an extra portion of food and liberty. one day, when we just returned from the warehouse, i was summoned by the secretary. that's me. after your mail, you go to see the dentist. i didn't have a toothache. after your

as in the case with russia with the disappearance of the state altogether, the same in former czechoslovakia, yugoslavia and so on. so, you had these dramatic political changes that affected citizens. the question was, how do ordinary citizens cope with th that. in the early years the question also was, to what extent can citizens learn, citizens have spent their entire lives under communist system with a socialist economy, how can they learn to become democratic citizens and to be effective participants in market economies? along the way, russia and other states turn from what appeared to be democratic transitions back to a different form of authoritarian or semi authoritarianism, and then the question became what happens to the citizens who were freed from authoritarian regimes thought they might be developing towards a democratic system, and suddenly find themselves, at least slipping backwards into something quite different from the past, but also quite different from what their democratic expectations may have been. and we chose to write that book on russia because it's changes were the

the same time they were thinking about making a documentary about -- that actually brought the czechoslovakiaisinformation department an idea to use it. he actually prepared a series of documents for that purpose. they dropped four chests at the bottom of the black lake. we do not have the documents. then came the czechoslovakian team. i was one of the divers. they did not know i was a intelligence officer. they thought i was an official. i led the diving team to the area where these chests were placed on the bottom and were discovered. and the minister of the interior and out at a special press -- announced at a special press conference that historically important documents were discovered in the late and that was the beginning of a campaign that lasted two years. the purpose was to revive the threat of nazism and say west germany is still a danger to you. announcer: one of the major themes is forgery. dr. witten explains. >> developing countries where the governments and did not have the expertise to analyze properly these corporations. very cheap forgery excepted anti-american forgeries --

what gave me a happy feeling — now england is leaving, poland is like a dictatorship, hungary, czechoslovakiataly, who is the strongest left? the germans. but germany today is a bulwark of moderation, of tolerance compared to so many messages coming from hungary or marine le pen or from so many people in so many corners. as long as our economy is great and as long as we make money, everything is very democratic. but let's wait and hopefully not see if we have five to ten years heavy economic problems and the swamp is a lake, it is a sea and we are swallowed again. i swear it to you. i don't trust it. it always makes me... thinking and feeling exactly wait a minute, there is something else. you can lead a happy life but there is something else around you. yeah, it hurts but, on the other hand, because i have had a really happy life. ask my grandchildren. niklas, what a nice way to end and we must. thank you for being on hardtalk. hello again. the weather is set to turn milder over the next few days, quieting down in many respects. before we get there, we had some thunderstorms. this one brough

i ring was born in czechoslovakia after being forced in to a ghetto. her family were deported to auschwitz where her mother and four of her siblings were gassed. i ring and persisted were selected for -- irene and her sister were selected for forced labor. they were a group of hungary and jews, traded for trucks and other material in negotiations between adolf eichmann and rudolph kastner, a member of the jewish rescue committee. diverted for six months and later they were able to get to switzerland. volunteer at the museum. thank you. congressman, may i ask you to stand by the fifth ghetto. fifth candle will be lit by ther and harry. her was sent from germany to england. to aamily was supported cap in france and later her parents were sent to as floats -- to auschwitz and kill. harry was born in berlin. fled berlins family to antwerp. later fearing he would be selected for forced labor, harry's family moved the family to brussels, where they separately went into england until liberation. esther are also volunteers. i would now ask a congressman to sta

she was born in czechoslovakia after being forced into the ghetto.ssed. irene and her sister were selected for forced labor and survived the death march. manny and his mother were among a group of hungry and jews traded for trucks and material in negotiations between members of the jewish rescue committee. the group was diverted for six months and later they were able to get to switzerland. people volunteer at the museum. >> congressman royce, please standby the fifth candle. the fifth candle will be lit by esther and harry. esther was sent by her parents from germany to england on a candor transport. her family was the ported through a camp in france and later her parents were sent to auschwitz and killed. harry was born in berlin, shortly before. [inaudible] harry and his family fled berlin to answer. they. he would be selected to forced labor and they moved to brussels where they went into hiding until liberation. harry and esther are also museum volunteers. i would like to ask congressman brad schneider to standby the sixth candle lit by marcel a

i read was born in czechoslovakia after being forced into a ghetto. four of her siblings were gassed. irene and her sister were selected for forced labor and survived a death march. manny and his mother were among a group of hungarian jews traded for trucks and other material in negotiations between adult eichmann and rudolf kastner, a member of the jewish rescue committee. the group was diverted for six months, and later they were able to get to switzerland. both irene and manny volunteer at the museum. thank you. congressman ed royce, may i ask you to stand by the fifth candle. the fifth candle will be lit by esther, and harry markowitz. esther was sent by her parents from germany to england on i kindred transport. her family was deported to a camp in france and later her parents were sent to auschwitz and killed. harry was born in berlin. shortly before, harry and his family fled berlin to antwerp. later fearing he would be selected for forced labor, harry's family moved the family to brussels where they separately went into hiding until liberation

and so when the soviets later invaded czechoslovakia next door to austria where the movie took place,nterest. john: yes, sir? >> i'm a libertarian, i have read milton friedman, how come many of my generation and most americans look at politicians as gods but unfortunately frown at businessmen. >> it's not just your generation, that was true in my generation, too. one of the reasons is businessmen are all around us, and they're not doing very exciting things to look at. politicians are making speeches. they're starting new programs. they're having grand openings, and they have this nationalist sense. they're our leader. it's like singing solidarity forever. one of the reasons people go to church is to sing hymns in conjunction with other people. nobody stays home on sunday and sings a hymn at home. that's a collective thing and people like that, and something of a problem for libertarians that we don't particularly have a collective experience to give us. politicians give us that. and they give the sense of movement and they talk about forward and bridge to the 21st century. john: and

poland had reached an agreement with germany that they would stand back while germany invaded czechoslovakia. she went -- she listened and went back to cuddling him. the next morning, she picked up the found and called a british passport control officer. as everyone in the embassy and perhaps everyone in worse on you, the passport control officer was a cover and a thin cover at best for the mi6 agent at the embassy. she called him up and said, how about a round of golf? it is a winter's day in warsaw, the greens of the country club were never very good even in the summer. the german army is mobilizing across the border. but he hears betty's request and says, sure. at the same time, he admires her tradecraft, to be able to talk on the golf course in private and without arousing suspicion of what they're up to. so betty tells him what she had learned and he says, i will pass that to my superiors in london. a few days later, he gets back to her and says, they like it. they want this and more you can get, whatever you can get. they don't care what you have to do to get it. from that moment on, t

stockpiling and importing them not only from the soviet union the help80's, but with of soviets, czechoslovakiaope, germany was still exporting the ingredients for britain gave extensively 2010.n 2006 and they had enormous stockpiles. charlie: the reason i'm asking is one of the principal reasons president obama said he did not retaliate after they crossed the red was because they made the areement to eliminate significant part of the chemical weapons from syria. that therved significant part of those were taken out of the country. obviously not all of them, because they have used them recently. dr. sparrow: we don't know that russia is in bringing back the same sarin it took away in 2013. but we also know something like it is a -- chlorine, medicine, it is used to so you canater, import it legitimately, but you can make it easily and cheaply. chlorine comes an effective way and cheap way of terrorizing a population, where in the end, we think clearly that tuesday's massacre was overkill. they did not intend to go and get this much international attention.we have seen this operate on a strategy

it began by concern about the apparently inexorable spread of fascism -- austria, czechoslovakia, toledospain, barcelona, which was quite significant. that is the end of the spanish revolution. that took place in february 1939. and it looked like it was just going to go on. it was very frightening at the time. amy: do you think it's accurate to use the word "fascism" or talk about the rise of fascism in the united states? >> well, you know, "fascism" has become a kind of a scare word. but many of the aspects of fascism are not far below the surface. you go back to, say, the 1940's. robert brady, great political economist, veblenite political economist, wrote a book called "business as a system of power," in which he argued that in all of the state capitalist economies, so-called capitalist economies, really state capitalist. there were developments towards some of the institutional structures of fascism. he was not thinking of concentration camps and crematoria, just the nature of the institutional structures. and that was not entirely false. could you move towards what bertram gross, ar

yes that russian annexation of crimea was a terrible thing and also czechoslovakia and the soviet invasion of afghanistan. it is not as though the of the heyday of the of international order but on balance where they tilting? we'll get the a mill kay line sleeve the line will bend toward justice souls will be in the zigzag way also with a greater degree of freedom that margaret thatcher said when people are free to choose they choose freedom. >> we have come up against the clock with a closing statement happening in the opposite order to put five minutes on the clock. >> ucla was worried about being up this brilliant will read man and has a very posh accent but i will try get to tell you what i know the movie lawrence of arabia to go up against the ottoman empire then to go through this terrible desert that it has never bed done before to leave behind an air of soldier and then played by omar sharif in the movie if you can remember says you cannot do anything about it that it was fate. it was written going into the desert for a second time then he brings them back alive and says nothing is

stockpilingd importing them not only from the soviet union in the '80s, but with the help of soviet, czechoslovakia, western european firms, germany, still exporting the ingredients for sarin, after 2006, britain did it extensively between 2006 and 2010, so they have enormous stockpiles. to say 90% means what, so we still have -- >> rose: the reason i'm asking is one of the principal reasons obama said he did not retaliate after they crossed the red line is because they made the agreement to eliminate a significant part of the chemical weapons from syria, and many observed and have said a significant part of those were taken out of the country. obviously not all because they've used them most recently. >> we don't know russia wasn't bringing back the same sarin it took away after 2013. what we also do know is with something like chore lean which is a dual use compound, it's the most important tool of medicine, we use it to disinfect our water, in fact, it is also important legitimately, but you can make chlorine bombs very easily and cheaply, so chlorine becomes a cheap and effective way of causing

i think it is in 1950 or 1951 here it a couple of guys in czechoslovakia steal a plane and fly it to don and want to defectb --onne at want to defect. they are on international notice because of the hijacking. the fbi sees it as a political thing because these are two people trying to defect from the eastern block at this point. they stopped dealing with them. in the 1950's, the u.s. government does not deal with interpol. in the 1960's, the treasury department is given permission to start exploding -- exploring a relationship with interpol. the fbi becomes involved again. for a time, the u.s. government stood hands off because of the political issue. want to deal with the eastern bloc members of interpol. you can see parallels of that today. fugitive because of politics, it depends on who is asking. of things happen. in dealing with france, for was ace, james foster soviet agent in the 1940's who worked for oss. she leaves the u.s. and an's up living in france. would like her back in 1957 to prosecutor inc. as they decide to expose the spy ring she has been part of and they are roun

about the reliability of the polish army and they thought that it's not going to look like in czechoslovakia will be more like hungary. and there were various moments in the '80s when the threat of intervention comes into play. but what i would emphasize is the fact that as the soviets spend more and more in the second half of the '80s on their own response to the sdi and so on and so forth, they become increasingly aware of the burdens of their empire in eastern europe and actually becomes clear for both the leadership and then eventually the public that they are subsidizing eastern europe in many ways. they come to the conclusion that it's not worth to intervene because they are actually the ones who are helping to maintain that, to prop up that region economically. >> thank you for that question, henry. that is -- i did not mean to insinuate that schultz was pushing reagan's policy. it was definitely reagan's policy and reagan's ideas and schultz was the way that reagan could execute those. schultz said in his memoir or a document i have is that he felt that reagan was being held hostage

recently, if you will, in the invasions in korea in the 1950's, the invasions of hungary, cuba, czechoslovakia, iraq/iran. we have always rejected the unilateral use of force. uruguay hopes that this individual incident which is set against the background of the main powers being unable to solve the conflict in syria, we hope this situation does not escalate into further attacks and that the parties will refrain from further actions that will worsen the situation and lead to an endless spiral of violence which could also flow over directly or indirectly into other countries. for uruguay, we have to look at this overall in terms of international law. another fundamental principle here is the absolute respect for international humanitarian law and international human rights law. in recent years, we have seen in syria the most atrocious crimes committed against the civilian population. investigations carried out by the joint investigative mechanism have demonstrated the use of chemical weapons by both the syrian government as well as by terrorist groups of isis and daesh. there was the horrendous

recently, if you will, in the invasions in korea in the 1950's, the invasions of hungary, cuba, czechoslovakia, iraq/iran. we have always rejected the unilateral use of force. hopes that this individual incident which is set against the background of the main powers being unable to solve the conflict in syria, we hope this situation does not escalate into further attacks and that the parties will refrain from further actions that will worsen the situation and lead to an endless spiral of violence which could also go over -- flow over directly or indirectly into other countries. uruguay, we have to look at this overall in terms of international law. another fundamental principle here is the absolute respect for international humanitarian law and international human rights law. in recent years, we have seen in syria the most atrocious crimes committed against the civilian population. investigations carried out by the joint investigative mechanism have demonstrated the use of chemical weapons by both the syrian government as well as by terrorist groups of isis and daesh. there was the hermit this

in 1938, 1939, britain took10,000 unaccompanied refugees from germany, austria and czechoslovakia.s of people getting in touch about the conversation we had about the bds, that is a group on university campuses across the uk. somejewish student university campuses across the uk. some jewish student saying they feel threatened by their tactics. olivia says there is a difference between critical and political decisions being made by the israel government and anti—semitism. i can criticise trump and not be anti—american. i'll be interested to read the investigation and what drew the complaints. richard says a difference must be made between the criticisms of the actions of israel and its political leaders and the jewish actions of israel and its political leaders and thejewish and israeli people. one of my best friends is israeli but is completely against the actions of the israeli state against the palestinian people. however the idea of bds is wrong. it's wrong to boycott israel as the impact of this would hit the ordinary low paid workers of israel. it is not a way to build unity.

they would go into hungry, czechoslovakia when they felt like they had to, afghanistan.o something in the '50s, something in the '60s, we're a couple years away from seattle facing a nuclear strike. a ppt cannot wait. >> the trick trump may have pulled off is to draw the chinese into recognition that it's better to deal with this now than later, and the chinese would be helpful to us as opposed to obstructing us as they have in the past. if trump has done that in this very early summit meeting with xi, if he's done that process, i would say of all the achievements, that's the one that actually matters. >> what are your sources telling you about that? do they feel like they're moving china in that direction? >> yes, i think the white house feels that the xi meeting was precisely what they wanted which is a real chance for these two people to get to know each other, to talk. the fact that since the meeting they talked twice on the phone and trump clearly said there's a big un vote coming up on syria. we sure would be happy if you abstain. the chinese abstained. they voted

asked teaching power what it can do that igo through the examples like to close of akia - - czechoslovakia's. but dissolve chandra of the psychological experiment and then if they carry designer making money it is reality television then did is legal. so we started in the building at yale but they thought that there must be something like that in germany and he wanted to test it he tested it on yale students and he set up an experiment in which he told people that they should apply electric shock to another person on the other side of the window is actually a confederate who was in on it but what he learned when he would something that made him look like a scientist in kept telling them to turn up the level of electricity he learned in that situation and artificially constructed situation with the authority figure they would not only shocked to the point they were screaming in pain of heart failure most people would keep shocking and told the other person appeared to die. at the command of the authority figure and his conclusion was i realized in the and we have to go to germany. that proble