from czechoslovakia. led the diving team to the area where these chests were placed on the bottom and were discovered. and the minister of the interior and out at a special press -- announced at a special press conference that historically important documents were discovered in the late and that was the beginning of a campaign that lasted two years. the purpose was to revive the threat of nazism and say west and two point finger at west germany is still a danger to you. announcer: one of the major themes is forgery. letters, telegrams, memoranda are forged on a regular basis. explains.n >> developing countries where the governments and did not have the expertise to analyze properly these corporations. -- these operations. sometimes very cheap forgery , excepted anti-american forgeries -- accepted anti-american forgeries are accepted. >> one of the most damaging measures of disinformation occurred in ghana where the number two man in the government held a press conference and waved a document around and sa

cases, as in the case of russia with the disappearance of the state altogether, same in former czechoslovakia, yugoslavia and so on. is so you had these her idea of -- these myriad of dramatic political changes that affected is citizens, and the question was how do ordinary citizens cope with that. and in the early years, the question also was to what extent can citizens learn, citizens who have spent their entire lives under a communism system with a socialist economy, how can they learn to become democratic citizens and to be effective participants in market economies? along the way russia and a couple other states turned from what appeared to be democratic transitions back to a different form of authoritarian or semi-author talk aboutism -- or authoritarianism. so then the question became what happens to those citizens who were freed from authoritarian regimes, thought they might be developing towards a democratic system and suddenly find themselves at least slipping backwards into something quite different from the past but also quite different there what their democratic expectations mig

then chosen to form the government but then changes the system from within and likewise in in czechoslovakia they won the election. so my point is we have to recognize to produce legitimately a governmentive. this is the mistake they often make it is by someoneit who was legally brought to power but we have to be in a position to defend ourself given what the founders said. that day will not always bring people to support them way >> if you go to the table of contents in with chapter 17 give us of flavor we were hoping to accomplish but the first is that if our system will survive to be different people that depend on the ability to express ourselves so let's not just say the things we heard on television today but read books and talk to people we don't know.of and use the resources of the english language that we are less susceptible to partisanship this also speaks to the gentleman's question like extremism, a terrorism and emergency.ists we know leaders speak of terrorist and extremist to overplay the dangers with the hope they can change the system that our leaders talk about that a lot

i am from czechoslovakia originally. i was there 40 years ago. and i am a retired veteran. well, let me tell you something. in five years, we have not received a one penny of a raise in my social security. and when i was in europe 40 years ago and i traveled through germany, austria and all around, and i go wow, i really wish we would have a live like that over here. but things, you know, you just on't get enough money. and then nato. those other countries are so poor they cannot even sustain and feed on their people. so of course we are not going to pay all that money. and on the other hand, i know there is so much pro and cob. -- con. i do not have any love for russia did to czechoslovakia and it's still hard for me to swallow it. but from everything that i see, leave the russians alone and concentrate on what china is train left china -- close and it's going to be in oland for 20 days. i'm looking at that and the jobs are not coming back to u.s. from china. because the jobs are being automated. we need to invest money instead of worrying too much about the russia, about

reporter: shlomo graber was born in czechoslovakia and grew up in hungary, but he's lived in basel inwitzerland for almost 30 years. he has written several books about his experiences under the nazis. he's never forgotten the brutal murder of his mother and siblings. shlomo: we were simply separated. women with children to the right, men to the left. the ss selected people. my mother just vanished, like a cloud. that was the first blow in my life -- the fact that i know how my mother and my brothers and sisters were killed. reporter: yet, shlomo graber likes life. he paints expressive, brightly-colored works that his partner displays in her gallery. he's found a way of dealing with the past. shlomo: there are so many holocaust survivors who have lived their whole life with the holocaust. they've not been freed from it. they live with it constantly. it's the opposite with me. i can talk about the holocaust, but that doesn't mean i have to live with it. reporter: he may not live with the holocaust, but he has forgotten none of the humiliation, violence, hunger, exhaustion, forced labor,

reporter: shlomo graber was born in czechoslovakia and grew up in hungary, but he's lived in basel in switzerland for almost 30 years. he has written several books about his experiences under the nazis. he's never forgotten the brutal murder of his mother and siblings. shlomo: we were simply separated. women with children to the right, men to the left. the ss selected people. my mother just vanished, like a oud. ththat was theirstst blow iniy life -- the fact that i know how my mother and my brothers and sisters were killed. reporter: yet, shlomo graber likes life. he paints expressive, brightly-colored works that his partner displays in her gallery. he's found a way of dealing with the past. shlomo: there are so many holocausust survivors who have lived d their whole life with e holocaust. they've not been freed from it. they live with it constantly. it's the opposite with me. i can talk about the holocaust, but that doesn't mean i have to live with it. reporter: he m may not live wih ththe holocaus b but he hass forgotten none of the humiliation, violence, hunger, exhaustion, forced

the east this time, german and czechoslovakia intelligence service stopped a worldwide campaign to undermine -- to paralyze the alterations of cia. at the time, the east germans came to publicist -- publish a book. the information came from czechoslovakian archives. under the soviet supervision. other can watch this and american history programs on our website where all of our video is archived. that is c-span.org/history. american history tv was recently at ford's theatre in washington dc for the 20th anniversary symposium hosted by the abraham lincoln institute and the ford theater society. next, a panel featuring speakers from the symposium discussing the president's life, career and legacy. this is followed by a brief ceremony awarding lee kim scholars. it is about 45 minute. my name is fred martin and i am the president of the abraham lincoln institute and the author of abraham lincoln's path to reelection in 1864, and i'm here to moderate the panel of distinguished scholars. and so we will keep it informal. i might say, i got into lincoln because my great, great uncle raised a regimen

ireney was born in czechoslovakia after being forced into a ghetto.nd her family were deported to auschwitz where her mother and four of her siblings were gassed. irene and her sister were selected for forced labor. they survived a death march. amongand his mother were a group of hungarian jews, traded for trucks and other material in negotiations between adolf eichmann and rudolph kastner, a member of the jewish rescue committee. the group was diverted to bergen-belsen for six months and later they were able to get to switzerland. irene and manny volunteer at the museum. thank you. congressman, may i ask you to stand by the fifth candle. fifth candle will be lit by esther and harry. esther was sent from germany to england. her family was deported to a camp in france and later her parents were sent to auschwitz and killed. harry was born in berlin. kristalnacht, harry and his family fled berlin to antwerp. later fearing he would be selected for forced labor, harry moved the family to brussels, where they separately went into england until liberation.

. >> the worst mission was probably over the scota ammunition works in czechoslovakia.e lost an engine on the way into the tar get. i advanced the other three engines and stayed in formation until we got to the target and we got hit hard over the target. we lost another engine. all of a sudden all of the oil came out. of our rudder. and when that happened, it froze. >> we started back to the home base in italy. and we got about to the head of the adriatic sea. >> we lost the third engine and we were losing altitude then. pretty rapidly. >> mcgovern said let's start throwing things out of here. we threw everything that we could get our hands on out of the airplane. . fortunately the biz an island off the coast was there. i said, emergency strip. well, a very small landing area. very short in between mountains. >> as i lined up with the runway, i could see the car casses of bombers that had smashed into a hill at the end of the runway. >> mcgovern needed 4,000 feet of runway to safely land. get half of what he needed. >> luck was with us. we put that plane down right on t

september, october, 1938, the british and french governments enter the german-speaking part of czechoslovakia, roosevelt showed where he stood by sending a cable to neville chamberlain saying, good man. he seemed to have solved the problem, given germany what it wanted, saved the piece for europe, saved the threat to the united states. the situation for the united states in relation to europe became much more series of course when war began in september 1939, when britain and france went to war against germany as germany refused to withdraw its troops from poland. again, this was not how most americans thought.

. >> greene was born in czechoslovakia, raised in germany, met and married a u.s. army soldier.he u.s. army brought his husband to south carolina where greene enrolled in clemson's history department seeking her masters degree. >> she was a very hard working, conscientious student. >> reporter: this professor was green's thesis adviser. a few years after graduation, the fbi

. >> greene was born in czechoslovakia, raised in germany, met and married a u.s. army soldier. the u.s. army brought his husband to south carolina where greene enrolled in clemson's history department seeking her masters degree. >> she was a very hard working, conscientious student. >> reporter: this professor was green's thesis adviser. a few years after graduation, the fbi hired greene as a translator, assigning her to the detroit field office. she was tasked with helping investigate a terrorist labeled individual a in court documents. cnn has learned individual a is the german rapper turned isis fighter. greene was able to track the terrorist using three skype accounts. it turns out the fbi knew of only two. greene had sole access to a third skype account. in june 2014, greene told her supervisor she was making a trip to germany to visit family. instead, she flew to istanbul, travels south to turkey, crossed the syrian border with the help of the terrorist and disappeared. there in isis controlled syria, government prosecutors say she met up with the isis terrorist and not o

yes that russian annexation of crimea was a terrible thing and lso czechoslovakia and the soviet invasion of afghanistan. it is not as though the of the heyday of the of international have order but on balance where they tilting? we'll get the a mill kay line sleeve the line will bend oward justice souls will be in the zigzag way also with a greater degree of freedom that margaret thatcher said when people are free to choose they choose freedom. >> we have come up against the clock with a closing statement happening in the opposite order to put five minutes on the clock. >> ucla was worried about being up this brilliant will read man and has a very posh accent but i will try get to tell you what i know the movie lawrence of arabia to go up against the ottoman empire then to go through this terrible desert that it has never bed done efore to leave behind an air of soldier and then played by omar sharif in the movie if you an remember says you cannot do anything about it that it was fate. it was written going into the desert for a second time then he brings them back alive and says nothing

so was the soviet invasion of czechoslovakia. so was hungary in 1956.was the soviet invasion of afghanistan. it is not as though we have not had during the -- what you call the heyday of the liberal international order, it is not as though we didn't have bad stuff happening. the point is on balance where are things tilting. you know, if you look at martin luther king's great line, he said the moral arc of the universe bends slowly but it bends towards justice. i would argue that the arc of history bends slowly and zigzags and curves, but overall it is moving towards a greater degree of freedom because your great hero, neil, margaret thatcher, said, when people are free to choose they choose freedom. i believe that's true even if you don't. plauls plaus. >> well done, gentlemen. [ applause ] >> well, we have come up against the clock so we're going to move now to our closing statements. these will happen in the opposite order of the opening remarks. we're going to put five minutes. >> you see, i told you i was worried about being up against this brillian

so was the soviet invasion of ch czechoslovakia, so was invasion of afghanistan, it was not as though had during what you call the heyday of the liberal international order. it's not as if we didn't have bad things happening. the point is on balance where things are tilting. if you look at martin luther king jr. great line, moral of the universe bends slowly but it bends towards justice. i would argue moves in zigzag ways and curves but overall moving towards a greater degree of freedom. because your great hero, neil, margaret thatcher said when people are free to choose, they choose in freedom. i believe that while you don't. [ applause ] >> we've come up against the clock so we're going to move to closing statements. these will happen in opposite order of opening remarks. we'll put five minutes on the clock. fareed, the stage is all yours. >> you see, i told you i was worried about being up against this brilliant well read man who reads academic papers and as i said has this very posh accent. but i'm going to try again to just tell you what i know. i'll tell you a seen from my favor

september, october, 1938, the british and french governments enter the german-speaking part of czechoslovakia, roosevelt showed where he stood by sending a cable to neville chamberlain saying, good man. he seemed to have solved the problem, given germany what it wanted, saved the piece for europe, saved the threat to the united states. . situation for the united states in relation to europe became much more series of course when war began in , when britain and france went to war against germany as germany refused to withdraw its troops from poland. again, this was not how most americans thought. ,f germany was to attack poland that is germany's business and it has nothing to do with the united states, but it very much concerned roosevelt, who was afraid what would happen if a major war developed and it had an effect on the united states. after poland fell very rapidly, divided up by germany and the soviet union, in which germany had made an agreement and that there was no land fighting, but there was a lot of sea fighting the between germany and essentially the british navy. the british had a

nobody makes trolley cars now comics it czechoslovakia. see lots and lots of that, especially with the pipelines being built. the pipes are made abroad. >> that was the premier of saskatchewan. he pointed out that the one fly in the ointment of's approval of the keystone pipeline is this why american provision for pipeline. as brad warned, other countries are going to retaliate. trade wars like having to pay -- so trade wars are destructive. going back on the sugar subsidy, we are probably the only two were around back when that whole thing got started. it was during the reagan administration. what if particularly dead, that you don't mention in the paper -- very good paper, by the way -- but the whole caribbean initiative that matter reagan was inventing was a notion to try to make the islands in the caribbean self-sufficient. they had one agricultural product. bella sugar. what we ended up doing was freezing them out of our sugar market which meant we had to give the more foreign aid. the whole thing was so goofy. they are in the second-

secretary tillerson has been in with montenegro, czechoslovakia and qatar.eting during his foreign trip this week to reaffirm military appliances to the secretaries in denmark took almost a minute with the danish minister of defense for senior leaders from 15 countries that are key contributors to the da says military campaign. on copenhagen from the secretary mattis will also meet separately the minister of defense to discuss european security and the importance of the nato alliance and with the danish prime minister to reaffirm between denmark and the united states. other candidates, secretaries think he is in utah continuing his four day listening to her on the national monument in grand staircase national monument putting into action president trumps april 27th executive order to review these monuments. the secretary of will be -- the million plus acre monument in an afternoon hiking tour and a roundtable meeting this evening with friends in the museum. while in utah the secretary and other officials are holding daily press briefings on the ground. reach

like blaming czechoslovakia -- stuart: do you blame president trump himself for some of the tweets youome of the things almost off-the-cuff, you're critical of that i take it? >> no, i love the tweets. almost everything that everyone else dislikes about trump, what i consider his strong points. i love his tweets. that is how he defends himself. i love that he had steak, brought his own steak to saudi arabia. everything else others attack him for. what i'm concerned with, i'm not, i mean we had no choice. what were you going to do, vote for rubio? no. both political parties for years and years have been pushing whatever wall street and elites want. trump was the only candidate who is going to put americans first. i just want him to get back to his campaign promises but i love his 3:00 a.m. tweets. i think they're hilarious. stuart: the media clearly trying to get the conversation back to political turmoil and political trouble back home. i don't think the media will ever give him a break. do you think though, that the media at this point is winning? >> i don't think they have as much po