czechoslovakia 1948 is an established democracy in eastern europe. communist deputies pound their desks as the street demonstrations reach riot proportions. police brutality in putting down the riots is charged, and the communists take over the police. on february 25, informed that the alternative is civil war, and aware of unmistakable threats of invasion from the soviet union if he does not capitulate, the president accepts a communist cabinet. but the son of the country's greatest hero will not go along. he remains in the power in office. is weeks later, his body discovered. whether he was murdered or killed himself is not known to this day. ♪ three months later, a constitution, soviet-styled, is adopted by parliament. the president refuses to sign it

when he was captured he was carrying a machine gun made in czechoslovakia.will not be using it again. as for his comrades, they have been put to run, and in their hasty flight they have dropped their arms. over 100 of the north vietnamese lie dead in the mountains. victory is ours. but for the screaming eagles, the greatest testing is yet to come. far to the north, the brigade launches operation called -- hawthorne. it is a forbidding wilderness lying in the foothills marking the foot of cambodia. it is the first week of june and the air is heavy and humid. until now the enemies have held sway here. 30 miles north of the little town, airborne engineers erect a crude bridge. a few miles beyond lies a special forces camp which has been under siege by the vietcong for a week. supplies are badly needed and must get through. the first begin crossing. near the bridge, the men of the artillery prepare for another firing mission. they have rained shells on the enemy forces attacking the cap. -- camp. each time the schilling starts, the -- shelling starts, the enemy

czechoslovakia, and established democracy in eastern europe. -- an established democracy.found the city as demonstrations retry it or portions. riotach ryan portions -- proportions. on february 25, and formed the alternative is civil war and with the unmistakable invasion, the president accepts a communist cabinet. countriesn of the greatest euro will not go along and does the country's greatest hero will not go along. his body is discovered dead. whether he was murdered or killed himself is not known to this day. ♪ narrator: three months later, a constitution soviet style is adopted by parliament. the president refuses to sign it and is forced from office. , -- e the year is over ♪ narrator: czechoslovakia like heroes,s -- euros -- is dead. in eastern europe, in the words churchill, the adriatic, and iron curtain has descended across the continent. behind that line, lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern europe. behind the iron curtain, it is easy to express discontent and difficult and dangerous not to. dies.man freedom uprising and strikes in

czechoslovakia, 1948, an established democracy. elements resigned from the cabinet. communist debbie's pound their desks at the city demonstrations reach riot proportions. the communists take over the police. on february 25, informed the alternative is civil war and with the unmistakable invasion, the president accepts a communist cabinet. but the son of the country's greatest hero will not go along and does the country's greatest hero will not go along. his body is discovered dead. whether he was murdered or killed himself is not known to this day. ♪ narrator: three months later, a constitution, soviet style, is adopted by parliament. the president refuses to sign it and is forced from office. before the year is over -- ♪ narrator: czechoslovakia, like its heroes, is dead. and eastern europe, in the words of winston churchill, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern europe. behind the iron curtain, it is easy to express contentment with

to go to war in 1938 to say czechoslovakia in the advice of the ones that happened in became a world class hero "the new york times" of lavish praise to save us from more of 1938 to dave day guarantee from poland even though it was apparent that was on his list and hitler was convinced that chamberlain would never go to war if he attacked poland he said once in between discussions that he talks about dry fly fishing that he favors the interest of chamberlain not that he cared. and he came back because of that natural connotation? with the difference between dry fly fishing or fishing as it were but he was wrong about chamberlain. even more disturbed because of ward howe facts in 1937 of levying in berlin that his official residence. but then he started to hand over his hat and overcoat only with great difficulty when he finally explain to lord halifax that this was the fear. [laughter] heller therefore convinced himself because all politicians are good at convincing themselves that the british would not attack if he attacked poland. and the french did not want to attack but chamberla

the russians did that in czechoslovakia. we had a policy that was developed under harry truman's watch. it was stimulated by the korean war. north korea invaded south korea, aided by the soviets. who has aided and protected them ever sense. that policy was called containment. we did not contain. the soviet empire and its influence expanded into the third world. the chinese revolution of october 1, 1949, took over large areas there. they were very active in vietnam. they were active in other places. the third world became a combatitive ground. they often did active measures, penetration of the soviet agents and military didn't deter them. we developed this area of mutual destruction. robert strange mcnamara was the fourth senior boss i had in civil service. they believed a threatening atomic weapons would deter somebody. what it really did, in my opinion, to me, that was morally questionable. but if they president have the choice between massive retaliation with a new weapon or -- a nuclear weapon or doing nothing, to force b

thousand thirty eight synagogues in europe were set aflame they burned in germany austria and in czechoslovakia organized gangs of nazi and brownshirt funks abused imprisoned or murdered thousands of jews amid the cheers of countless gone seven thousand jewish owned shops were destroyed and the mob then looted the shops that night was the start of the biggest genocide in human history. and despite efforts to confront its nazi past anti semitic and a racist attitudes still persist in germany and the gains made by the far right in september's election have many germans worried could nationalist and anti immigrant rhetoric become normalized once again one high school student has chosen to take a stand facing down peer pressure to speak out against bigotry due to threats of harassment we have only used her first name in this report. fifteen year old is visiting the memorial to the murder jews of europe in central berlin with her mother at school she has seen how hate speech and anti-semitism are on the rise again she says it started slowly. this is when people would come into the classroom others w

they marched us through the carpathian mountains, czechoslovakia, bohemia, saxony, bavaria, and downaustria. i was on a march for about 17 weeks. we lost... around about 100 men died. and when you finally came home, just describe the state and the toll that auschwitz... oh, i was in a shocking state when i came home. for instance, my wife put me in the bath that first night, and she started to cry cos i looked like somebody from belsen. isaid, "0h, don't cry, love. "i left men out there who's never going to come home". ron suffered with post—traumatic stress, flashbacks, and nightmares that haunted him for years, but he overcame it all thanks in no small part to the woman he will never forget. i think my wife saved my life. i think my wife was marvellous. super woman. today, britain remembers all of those that have fought for our country over the years. ronjones will be doing the same for the friends he lost more than 70 years ago. here is the weather. sunday was a fine and glorious day across much of the country, but there were plenty of showers and a strong northerly wind across ea

maintained its vigilance with five hundred thousand soldiers in east germany and tens of thousands in czechoslovakia hungary and poland. the council for mutual economic assistance comic-con linked to the economies of the socialist countries each country had its own specialisation. socialist planning in the comic-con network meant one country. we build engines the next cars and other tractors and so on. but in the big brother reserve the right to build aircraft for itself. the soviet union had most of the raw materials especially oil a hard currency on the global market. the socialist system managed to establish itself across continents from the arctic to the steps of central asia. or a. in space the soviet union even stole a march on its so-called class enemy the first unmanned satellite sputnik. the first living creature. the first manned national hero yuri gagarin. and the first woman but on tina turner. were sent into orbit around the earth from the cosmos drummin baikonur kazakstan socialism was conquering the universe lenin would have been pleased. back on earth soviet culture was exported to w

secretary knows so well, i countries that also doesn't exist in its current name, and that was czechoslovakia those countries that were caught between the old soviet union and nato, , europe, and te european union, and they didn't have a commitment from the united states and from nato to help them as they go forward, a lot of bad things would happen there, and heep kept pointing to yugoslavia as kind of a lesson that we had to learn. >> well, , i think what was very interesting is that he had in fact, studied how nato had been, well, what happened after the end of world war ii when half of europe was againstst his will, t behind the iron curtain and then the creation of nato and all the various aspects. so he did not come into this kind of not knowing any of the background. what i think is interesting is that he also appreciated something that a lot of people have not thought of, which is that at the end of the cold war the u.s. was asked to do something that hasn't been done before, which is how to devolve the power of your major adversary without a land war. and so the question was how to b

i remember being a child and reading about the coup in czechoslovakia. i remember as a freshman at harvard. i think there was only one person in that entire faculty against the soviet suppression with tanks of the hungarian revolution. republish october, which was parallel. he did not quite understand the uprising in east germany in 1953, the polish and hungarian revolutions. tanks came in and pressed them. the russians did that in czechoslovakia. wasad a policy that developed under harry truman's watch. it was stimulated by the korean war. north korea south -- north korea invaded south korea, aided by the soviets. that policy was called containment. we did not contain. the soviet empire and its influence expanded into the third world. of chinese revolution october 1, 1949, took over large areas there. they were very active in vietnam. they were active in other places. the third world became a vembated if -- combatitib ground. they often did active measures, penetration of the soviet agents didn't deter them. of mutualed this area destruction. was thetra

they burned in germany, austria, and in czechoslovakia.rganized gangs of not seize and brown shirt thugs abused -- not azis and brown shirt thugs abused thousands. 7000 jewish shops were looted and destroyed. that night was the start of the biggest genocide in human history. anchor: despite efforts to confront its noazi past, anti-somatic attitudes still persist -- anti-semitic attitudes are still persist in germany. when eyes go student has taken a stand against bigotry. the student has been the subject of online threats and harassment, and therefore we are really using her first name. >> 15-year-old amelia is visiting the memorial to the murdered jews of europe and central berlin with her mother -- of europe in central berlin with her mother. she has seen hate speech and untianti-semit on the riseism. she said it started slowly. >> when people would come into the classroom people raise their arms in a nazi salute and sometimes they would shout highly hieil hitler. there was one picture of a cloud of smoke, and the caption said, jewish fa

thousand thirty eight synagogues in europe were set aflame they burned in germany austria and in czechoslovakia organized gangs of nazi and brownshirt funks abused imprisoned or murdered thousands of jews amid the cheers of countless garters seven thousand jewish owned shops were destroyed and the mob then looted the shops that night was the start of the biggest genocide in human history. despite efforts to confront its nazi past anti-semitic and racist attitudes still persist in germany and the games my brother far right since that time has election many germans worried that nationalist and anti immigrant rhetoric could become normalized again on high school students has chosen to take a stand against the bigotry of such have been the online threats and harassment we're only using the first night. fifteen year old amelia is visiting the memorial to the murder jews of europe in central berlin with her mother at school she has seen how hate speech and anti-semitism are on the rise again she says it started slowly. this is when people would come into the classroom others would raise their right a

thousand thirty eight synagogues in europe were set aflame they burned in germany austria and in czechoslovakia organized gangs of nazi and brownshirts thugs abused imprisoned or murdered thousands of jews amid the cheers of countless gardeners seven thousand jewish owned shops were destroyed and the mob then looted the shops that night was the start of the biggest genocide in human history. or despite efforts to confront its nazi past anti semitic and races attitudes still persist here in germany and the gains made by the far right in september's election have many worried that the westerns of the past are being forgotten one high school student has chosen to take a stand against bigotry here but due to online threats and harassment aimed at her we're only using her first name. fifteen year old is visiting the memorial to the murder jews of europe in central berlin with her mother at school she has seen how hate speech and anti-semitism are on the rise again she says it started slowly. this is when people would come into the classroom others would raise their right arm in a deliberate nazi sal

they marched us through the carpathian mountains, czechoslovakia, bohemia, saxony, bavaria and down intond about 100 men died. and when you finally came home, just describe the state and the toll that auschwitz... i was in a shocking state when i came home. for instance, my wife put me in the bath that first night and she started to cry cos i looked like somebody from belsen. isaid, "0h, don't cry, love. "i left men out there who's never going to come home". ron suffered with post—traumatic stress, flashbacks and nightmares that haunted him for years, but he overcame it all thanks in no small part to the woman he will never forget. i think my wife saved my life. i think my wife was marvellous. super woman. today, britain remembers all of those that have fought for our country over the years. ronjones will be doing the same for the friends he lost more than 70 years ago. football now and northern ireland are in basel for the second leg of their world cup playoff match against switzerland. they trail 1—0 after the first leg in belfast on tuesday which they lost due to a controversial penal

thousand thirty eight synagogues in europe were set aflame they burned in germany austria and in czechoslovakia organized gangs of nazi and brownshirt thugs abused imprisoned or murdered thousands of jews amid the cheers of countless gone seven thousand jewish owned shops were destroyed and the mob then looted the shops that night was the start of the biggest genocide in human history. well in other news climate talks are underway here in the western german city of bonn delegates from more than one hundred ninety countries are discussing how to implement the landmark paris agreement to curb global warming one country at the forefront of the fight against climate change is kenya the country already needs thirty percent of its energy needs from geothermal power which doesn't generate any carbon emissions kenyans are also adjusting their farming practices in response to changing weather patterns. and let's have a look at how exactly they are doing at. actually in the meantime close distances stretch out before us in the great rift valley in kenya and here in lies the hope for the country's energy

czechoslovakia has two representatives at the u.n. but the moving time to have him. we actually that evening walk aid cross charles bridge ogether and then president havel, president clinton and i went to the jazz club, they gave him the saxophone, he said, you have no idea how hard it is to play a brand new saxophone. mr. hellman: and the most difficult? ms. albright: the most difficult with him. i'll tell you what was most difficult was camp david and what happened was nobody was allowed to leave camp david except for him to go to okinawa for the g8 meeting. toward, just as he was about to leave, prime minister ehud barack had a very, very important suggestion about thousand resolve it and president clinton took toyota chairman arafat and what happened was president clinton came back and he said, madeleine, i think we've got an agreement. i have to leave. get rid of the underbrush. when i come back it'll be done. it wasn't done. i think he was not so happy with me. but one i do have to tell, another one, is we were in moscow and i was known for my pins that i wore.

we took it to a drama school in czechoslovakia during glasnost against all the soviet state theatres,diculous. but at some point in that production, it was a bit more brechtian. we used to have tapes of like ronald reagan and maggie thatcher and stuff in it. so, it did have its sort of underlying political ideas... it was sort of about... this is important with your other movies, it was sort of about... yeah. one message in the movie is about breaking the rules, not being a conformist. absolutely. the australian dance commission had its own rules, and the girl in the movie says, i want to do something different, and she persuades the boy to sign up to just doing things different, breaking the rules, being yourself. correct. and hilariously, you could apply the undercarriage of that story to a popular revolution. i mean, overthrowing the incumbent generation and leaders who say there's only one way to cha—cha—cha. i've got the rule book, i'll give you the ticks. i'll let you know whether you're right or not. and then the youth say, no, we're going to step outside that rule book, and we

we took it to a drama school in czechoslovakia during glasnost against all the soviet state theatres,ill be a ridiculous but, at some point, in that production, it was a bit more brechtian, we had tapes of like ronald reagan and maggie thatcher in it and maggie thatcher in it and so forth so it did have an underlying political deal... again, this is important we talk about other movies and the way you develop them. one message in the movie is about breaking the rules, not being a conformist. the strain dance commission had its own rules and the girl in the movie says no, i want to do something different and persuades the boy to sign up to just and persuades the boy to sign up tojust doing things and persuades the boy to sign up to just doing things differently, breaking the rules, being yourself. correct. and, hilariously, you could apply that undercarriage of that story toa that undercarriage of that story to a popular revolution. imean, to a popular revolution. i mean, overthrowing the incumbent generation and leaders to say —— who say there is only one way to cha—cha—cha. i've got

madame secretary knows so well from a country that also does not exist in its current and that was czechoslovakia. if those countries that were caught between the old soviet union and nato europe and the european union and they didn't have a commitment from the united states and nato to help them as they go forward, a lot of bad things would happen and he kept pointing to yugoslavia as kind of a blessing that we had to learn. >> i think what was very interesting i as he had in fact studied how nato had been after the end of world war ii and a half of europe was against the will or behind the iron curtain and the creation of nato and all the various aspects so he didn't come into this kind of not knowing any of the background. what i think is interesting is that he also appreciated something that a lot of people have not fought us and that is at the end of the cold war, the u.s. was asked to do something that hadn't been done before. hell we bring russia into the system what i found interesting at the time is they were in charge of the relationship with russia and i was up in new york, but basical

and when he visited moscow, probably even before that when he married a woman from communist czechoslovakiahere will be an enormous file. so they seek to exploit people for their own purposes. >> your book is called collusion, the president says there is no evidence of collusion. what evidence do you find there is evidence of collusion? >> well, the more we learn, the more we discover these kind of contacts, multiple contacts have been going on, the famous meeting in trump tower. the meeting about trump, george papadopoulos meeting a mysterious professor, and then most recently we discovered that trump jr. was corresponding with the chief of wikileaks in london. and wrapping up the interacti interactions, and everybody in trump's circle seems to have a russia correction, whether or not it's jeff sessions, or tillerson, god bless him. it's meetings. >> and fascinating conversation, i can't wait to read it. >>> when we come back, the president's push to get a tax cut through facing early head winds from a republican senator, more on the objections and trump's fight to score a legislative win.

presidential nominee, henry wallace was against the marshall plan and he equated the soviet meddling in czechoslovakia with our liberation of france. not since 1948 has the kremlin has not so useful a spokesperson at a high level of our government. whether president trump is a dupe or somewhat closer to the kremlin, we can't say, but it is outrageous that on veterans day the president of the united states, the commander in chief, should be spouting kgb propaganda. we don't know. we don't know. we haven't seen any proof yet of russian collusion, even though that's a word that doesn't necessarily have legal grounds there. we don't know that. but again, it seems to me that when the president speaks like this, it just begs the question or begs the reassurance that yeah, this is why we have these investigations. >> you remember what the president is doing. the president is defending a foreign power in a domestic dispute. he is saying i will take the word of a foreign dictator over the advice of my government. that's what he's doing. it's outrageous. it's never, it hasn't happened since for seven decades. >

thousand thirty eight synagogues in europe were set aflame they burned in germany austria and in czechoslovakia organized gangs of nazi and brownshirt funks abused imprisoned or murdered thousands of jews amid the cheers of countless gone seven thousand jewish owned shops were destroyed and the mob then looted the shops that night was the start of the biggest genocide in human history. and joining us here in the studio to put it into perspective is she works with the house of the once he conference of a long while site just outside of berlin that is where the nazis plot of the systematic genocide of europe's jews welcome to the program and thank you so much for joining us on this somber anniversary as we've mentioned today i'm seventy nine years since the nazis in one nine hundred thirty eight this program against the jews since then we've seen berlin's jewish population growing how do they feel in the city are they confident that this will never happen again here. well i think what is for them and important now is that due to social media for example anti-semitic attitudes are much more on the

solzhenitsyn was sent to progress so that ambassador to czechoslovakia. he married a woman by the name of gertrude who was the daughter loved to hate. and then the day gone. if you remember how i began, in 1928, the soviet government built a new socialist state and nationalist economy and built a house for itself. the house was classified as a building of transitional type. halfway between communalism based explicitly on whose law housing organized around family. >> it was a compromise. early soviet communalism was about interchangeable individuals living in elastic public buildings. the question really was whether individuals still would be attached to wrong corridors and dormitory public buildings, communal buildings or to endless roads traversing this sort of community center landscape. some people envisioned floating and flying in these new dwellings and bathing as one ideological prisoner. so soviet collectivism of individuals in bourgeois individualism divided. the point was the need from the forum, what they called a kingdom of necessity. the succe

now, remember, retailers usually offer cheap discount on electronics, you may want to czechoslovakiad inspiration, and where to find some of the best deals on phones, tv's and other much south off devices. >> do your research before friday. hey, jill, what are the most must have money savings apps this season. >> well, i had fun with this, because i got to play with these. there is one called snip snap. they claim that they've got the biggest collection of in- store coupons of any apps. now, you snap a picture after printed sale. snip snap convert it into a mobile friendly offer, and you redeem and use your screen at the store. that's cool. now, there is one called shop kick. it rewards you with free cards to the shop you already do that makes it great for holiday shopping. flip create digital versions of circulars from retailers. and combines local fires and stack recall savings. okay, one last one. once you order your gift on line, you may want to use the ups mobile app, designed to avoid missing a delivery. leave instructions, kind of good stuff there. happy thanksgiving, i'm so t

they marched us through the carpathian mountains, czechoslovakia, bohemia, saxony, bavaria and down intoome. for instance, my wife put me in the bath that first night and she started to cry cos i looked like somebody from belsen. i said, "oh, don't cry, love "i left men there who's never gonna come home". ron suffered with post—traumatic stress, flashbacks and nightmares that haunted him for years, but he overcame it all thanks in no small part to the woman he will never forget. i think my wife saved my life. i think my wife was marvellous. super woman. today, britain remembers all of those who have fought for our country over the years. ronjones will be doing the same for the friends he lost more than 70 years ago. that was ron jones talking to tomas morgan. there is coverage of today's remembrance day service at the cenotaph from 10:20am on bbc one. as a team gb and wales athlete, tesni ward's idea of a winning photograph was one which showed the distance her javelin had just travelled. but when her sporting career was ended by injury, she turned to wildlife photography to fill the voi

they marched us from the mountains, czechoslovakia, bohemia, saxony, the very and down into austria.my wife put me in the bath the first night and she started to ci’y the first night and she started to cry because i looked like somebody from the camp. i said, don't cry. i left them out there who will never come home. he suffered with post—traumatic stress, flashbacks and nightmares that haunted him for yea rs, and nightmares that haunted him for years, but he overcame it all thanks in no small part to the woman he will never forget. i think my wife saved my life. ithink will never forget. i think my wife saved my life. i think my wife was marvellous. a superwoman. today, britain remembers all those who fought for our country over the yea rs. fought for our country over the years. ronjones will be doing the same for the friends he lost more than 70 years ago. what an extraordinary story. you suspect when you look at the poppy appeal, the ten in front of him, it's going to have more pound coins than anyone else —— the ten. —— tin. here's susan with a look at this morning's weather. goo