we have the communists in control in prague and czechoslovakia.apest is being turned into a communist country. the irony is when it came time to who will participate in the marshal plan, the czechs would have loved to participate. and said so in 1947. stalin had called the czech leadership, the foreign minister and told them, no, you can't participate. that might have been a preliminary step for czechoslovakia to go down on the communist side. thefirmed up the iron curtain. they landed on the western side of europe. eastern europe could not participate in the marshal plan landed on the side that would slowly, economically go down the drain and become poorer. it was a moment of great decision for the czechs. moscow would not allow them to participate. that's why the coup in 1948 should not surprise us because around that time the foreign minister probably was dumped out of the window on the mountain in prague and was killed. czechoslovakia went communist. for the west, it was a big warning signal. the west, united states particularly, feared that t

czechoslovakia also had a free after the war like hungary. the interesting thing is in that free election of 46, the communist came out the strongest party at 40 present. why was that so? you asked yourself rightly and usually the ads are to the question is that the checks were still smarting vis-À-vis the west because of the munich agreement. they felt they were sold out to munich to the nazis, which in many respects they were. and that sense they never forgiven the british for being involved in that agreement. spanish, the czech leader and exile already visited moscow in 1943 and sort of did preliminary agreements with the soviets because they felt they needed to deal with the russians and soviets directly. since the soviets had not been off to munich so they couldn't blame the soviets. that explains to a good part their election result in 1946. you are right, patton and third army -- i knew one of them had been across the border and check count but they were stopped to go on to prague even though they could've liberated prague. that was a

and here is czechoslovakia.assassination of ss man heidrich, the nazis murdered all the men and sent their women and children into slavery in germany. but this was not enough. boys were moved into the ruins and ordered to level the village to the ground. ♪ it was to be the nazi's example to all occupied peoples. but more terrible still were the concentration camps which from the beginning had been the conspirators' chief weapon against opposition of every kind. german anti-nazis were the first victims. with the war, their numbers swelled to include citizens of all the nations of europe. their fate is described by witness hess. >> i commanded auschwitz and estimate 2.5 million victims were execute and experiment nation by gassing and burning. a total dead of about 3 million. included among the executed and burned were approximately 20,000 russian prisoners of war. the remainder included 100,000 german jews and citizen fs from holland, france, belgium, poland, hungary, czechoslovakia, greece and other countries. >

czechoslovakia is not part of it. austria is not part of it. certainly in terms of the future influence taking in eastern europe, it was very important what was agreed upon by these leaders. in moscow. did roosevelt know about it? yes he did. because harriman was reported on the percentages and he reported back to washington and since roosevelt did not reject the percentages, stalin was led to believe that indeed it was sort of an agreement between the big three. so ladies and gentlemen, i think i'm going to stop here. this is dr. stoler's outline of the pre-yalta conferences that took place where many of the important decisions that would figure at yalta on poland, germany and the postwar order and the united nations were already if not agreed-upon they were discussed. it was a process that was going on during the whole war and yalta of course can continued those discussions. if their questions i would be happy to answer them. >> dr. bischof, thank you very much for starting this off here. [applause] i will be walking through the crowd with a

and systemically murdered. >> and here is czechoslovakia.d retaliation for the assassination of ss man heydrich, the nazis murdered all the men and sent their women and children into slavery in germany. but this was not enough. they were ordered to level the village to the ground. it was to be the nazi's example to all occupied people. [music] >> but more terrible still were the concentration camps, which from the beginning had been the conconspirator's chief weapon against opposition of every kind. german anti-nazis were the first victims. but with the war, their numbers swelled to include citizens of all the nations of europe. their fate is described by witeness rudolf. >> i commanded auschwitz on the 1st of december 1943 and estimate that at least 2.5 million victims were executed and exterminated there by gassing and burning. at least another half million have come to starvation and disease, making the total dead about three million. included among the executed and burned were approximately -- the remainder of the total number included a

on march 8, 1938, czechoslovakia was partitioned. the next morning, my mother told us she spent the night worrying about the future. in fact, that day, my life began to change. my town became a part of hungary, and boys and girls could no longer study in the same classrooms. instead of check number we learned hungarian. my father's business was taken away immediately, and our nanny had to leave because she was no longer allowed to work for a jewish family. shortly after, we learned members of my mother's family had been taken and murdered. my family officially went into mourning. in march 1944, hitler marched into hungry -- hitler's marched into hungry. we had to wear yellow stars. we were forced to move into a ghetto. within days, the man who had previously tried to buy our house was allowed to just go in and empty it of all its contents. in midmay, more jews were marched to the brick factory, where the railroad was lined with cattle cars. we were ordered into the cars, my 83-year-old grandmother in a wheelchair was taken onto a spe

. >> reporter: she was born in czechoslovakia after the soviet-led invasion in 1968, her parents fled to sweden. paulina, then 3, was left behind in her grandmother's care. it was nearly seven years before she was reunited with her parents. at 15, she moved to paris to pursue a modelling career. >> in some way i still think i'm waiting to be found an imposter. >> reporter: after all this time? >> after all this time. >> reporter: why is that? >> i always like to say about myself, i'm a woman of very high ego, but zero self-esteem. but i think being left, that sort of just stuck with me forever, that i'm really not that great. and as soon as you find out how not great i am, you will also leave me. >> reporter: but the covers kept coming. and in 1984 she was also asked to audition for a music video. >> and i got the part, which was of the girl in a video for a band called the cars. ♪ who's gonna pick you up when you fall ♪ deal.y , yeah. i met my husband and it was pretty much love at first sight. >> reporter: the cars' frontman, rick, was also a czech man. he was 40. she was 19. >>> wh

mistreats children, a fascinating project from spain revisits the artificial town the nazis set up in czechoslovakiafull the outstside world into ws were beinghat je treated really well and had art and music for their lives. the filmmakers met with an elderly woman who had been interned there. the animators will incorporate real drawings that managed to survive. another french project is the black swallow. prize figighting boxer in 1913. flew as a fighteter pilot with e allies. he ended up as an elevator operator back in the u.s. they determined television reporter in the film tracked him down in 1959. lelet's take a look at a a rough draft. >> the story of the first black firefighter in modern history. as a teenager he fled the racist deep south to later become a woworld war i he. a jazzman in paris. a civil rights activist back in the usa. only to fall into oblivion. young womanightful leading an epic investigation that sweeps an entire century across the atlantic on this -- unveils the mystery of a man who lived a thousand l lives. >> lots of animation to look forward to. now to a french film out

reporter: helltold how he his parents and his brother got deported from their home in prague czechoslovakia> at age 15 we were shipped to auschwitz.>> reporter: his quick thinking spared him from the cyanide showers. >>> we had to address undress totally naked. i would go before doctor who was the german doctor. doctor death. i flexed the muscles i didn't have. i said. that means i can work.>> reporter: a year later while freezing in the death march from auschwitz he found a backpack in the snow with civilian clothes inside. he put them on at night and escaped by train. >>> i sat on the n ice forward in civilian fransco. d his mother surviv an army at run a baby clothes and furniture store in san rafael en from willis middle school to hear mr. heller's incredible chapter of living history. >>> he was very honest about the way he felt and what he saw. i'm inspired by what he said.>> reporter: for sharing his holocaust survivor story with tens of thousands of people in the last 16 years this jefferson award in the bay area goes to herbert heller. >>> he tells people he came to the u.s. with $

at least nine european countries on forcing border closures including czechoslovakia, and .lovakia and denmark -- i do not see it as most effective by the world health organization. has suspended flights enclave forh [indiscernible] hours, 800 new24 cases have been reported. here is the french health minister speaking earlier today. 3000 confirmedve cases. people.is time, 69 -- 69 people have died. >> this as new social distancing measures. they sent us this report. governmentrench price to stop, it has brought so the iposures and -- the eiffel tower closed for at least the foreseeable future. , they sayo tourists they understand, but disappointed. right moveit is the because maybe when there is a lot of people around, the virus .preads >> i'm really sad and i talked about it all semester how we would be able to get to the top and now we are not. understand, but i guess and disappointed. >> efforts to fight the coronavirus are having a major impact. estimates believe there could be as much as 10 billion euros alone. >> the coronavirus is also impactcting the world of sports. >> with th

by the endrld war i, the habsburgs were history, ndt czechoslovakia was celebrated on this square. but independce lasted barely 20 years. in 1939, . the nazis marched in while pragueaped the bombs of world war ii, it couldn't avoid the communistsho came next and stay for 40 years. but with this square as the stage, people power ultimately prevailed. man: in the 20th century, my family lived history in this square. in 191 my grandma watched e habsburg eagles being pulled down in 1939, my aunt saw the nazis pulling in. in 1968, my dad stood here with his bare hands in 1989, it was my generation's turn. steves: so you wer. tell me what happened. -in november '89, a student march head for this square, kicked off two weeks of demonstrations. for 14 nights, this square filled with 300,000 people. each night, 300,000 people here. and on the last thght, václav havelplaywright, who would become our next president, announced from that balcony the resignation of the communist government. -wow. -suddenly, we were free. t steves: and withshot, the communist era had ended for the czech people. -

shortly thereafter william l patterson toward the soviet union, czechoslovakia, hungary france and greatn to build international support for his friend. by september, the chicago-based communist led afro-american heritage association issued a world appeal for his freedom. it said in part "pimps, painters, dope paddlers and ex-public officials who steel from the public trust are treated with greater humanity than winston. in late october winston's case was scheduled to be brought before the united nations human rights commission where it was said he was being persecuted in the dark of his blindness and in isolation from his love one. apparently the witch hunters wanted him to repent ....... the cruel and unusual punishment of henry winston framed the logic of thought control. in leader and communist he was convicted not of a crime but a teacher and advocate of his political philosophy was still in jail because he would not denounce his party nor as a turncoat. then outline revolutionary they filed a $1 million lawsuit against the government, claiming his blindness was caused by delay, neg

. -- for having sold czechoslovakia, etc.. the return of the crown of saint saintn to hungry -- stephen, the founder of the hungarian nation traditionally. it was being held in the united gary andomehow patriots smuggled it out ahead of the communists and president carter wanted to give it back to improve relations with hungary. politics in cleveland for years. leading thean was charge not to give the crown of saint stephen back to the communists. that was yalta talk for five years growing up about the captive nations of eastern europe. to argue today there is another lens through which we can and should look at yalta. it is less used. it was referred to and i will go into more detail. we could judge it a remarkable yalta'sto gauge impact on the end of the war itself. on the strategy of the allies and the war's last month. we are talking about a conference that happened in fiber, 1945 and a war that came to an end in may in europe and in the pacific in august and september. inthe conference happened february, 19 45. so what ha

we will give you poland, yugoslavia, czechoslovakia, and hungary, and you will give us something. dr. citino: are you suggesting that is what happened that -- at yalta? >> kind of. dr. citino: i do not think there is any doubt that what was discussed at yalta can be characterized as realpolitik. poland for men to invade japan. people will do things for a quid pro quo. if that is all yalta was, than why all of the talk about the united nations? because the united nations is not the sort of realpolitik or the realistic view of foreign relations. it is that liberal view of for an relations that people cooperate with each other and are sometimes linked to surrender some of their sovereignty in the interest of the broader global community or the regional community. so what you have set is a pretty good characteristic. the westerns allied wanted some stuff. they got some stuff. stalin wanted some stuff. he got some stuff. i am deliberately talking silly. i think a good foreign policy has to have elements of both. you have to be a horse trader. you have to be willing to give up things. t

in 19 six date when the soviets value did check was a bach yeah, -- when the soviets invaded czechoslovakiaarles de gaulle blamed yalta. that is how long it was working inside history. i think the yalta myths are important topics we ought to be talking about. rob made a good point, if you will recall, his conclusion was yalta was the blueprint for allied victory. he reminded us that halting at that another scholar picked up in 1967. it was very much in the historiography at the time. i would add the important reason for eisenhower to halt at the elbe, was he was afraid the nazis were belting a fortress in the forest of austria and bavaria. so he sent armies down to the south. to make sure that fortress system would not come into being. in fact they had no time to prepare such a last stand. but that's what they were afraid of because nazi intelligence fed it to the oss that this would be happening in the alps. that was another reason to halt at the elbe, to get quickly to the alps. and then issue raised online, that person said yalta, is it so previous -- is it so different from previous con

we will give you poland, yugoslavia, czechoslovakia and hungry, you give us 1 million and a half in two to three months against the japanese. what do you think? >> let me just make sure i know what i'm answering, are you suggesting that is what happened at yalta? are you saying that's what happened at yalta? >> kind of sort of. >> i don't think there is any doubt that yalta, much of what was discussed there can be qualified or characterized as real politic. you keep poland and you give us half 1 million people to raid japan. that's pretty much what was done. people we say won't do things for altruistic motives, but they will do things as a quid pro quo. you do something for me and i will do something for you. if that's how yalta was then why all the talk about the united nations? the united nations is not that real politic, it is the liberal view that people cooperate with one and other, they are sometimes willing to give their sovereignty to some extent for some unity. so what you have said is characteristic of the western allies, they wanted some stuff they got some stuff, stolen want

i want to tell you about a ten year old jewish boy from czechoslovakia.ays after hillary in march 1939 he was put on a train to england by his mom and teenage sisters. it was the last time he would see them. they were rounded up sent first to a ghetto, then to, before being sent to trebek where they were murdered in october 1942. he couldn't speak english when he arrived in the uk, but he grew up to become the youngest grammar school head teacher in the country. he was honored by her majesty the queen for charitable work and he brought up for children. ladies and gentlemen that little boy was my dad. (applause) it is because of him that i am here today. until last year, i was lone member of the uk parliament i left the labour party. thank you. i left the labour party and parliament to fight extremism antisemitism and anti zionism. wins but i come to you today with the message of hope, i want to tell you how good fair minded people of all political backgrounds can come together to stand up to fight and he zionism and radical antisemitism, i joined the brit

you have czechoslovakia, poland, hungary, they're pushing back on this.many, rest of them, they better get their self, their act together. liz: instead they're doing policy and legislation, ad hoc own the fly. now greece just suspended processing asylum applications for a month. again the reform plan, would have allocated refugees among eu member countries, according to the country's economic strength and population we had hungary and poland pushing back about. i don't know how they fix this. what you think is going to happen? >> they need to work a deal with turkey, turkey is going to have to realize they've got themselves in a real quicksand and down in northern syria, we have about 900,000 displaced persons from northern syria. they are going to have to go somewhere. the whole thing, you can lay the blame on assad, you can play the blame on russia as well. but they have to light in that bed, there help bail them out. it's going to take a lot of diplomacy and a lot of people sitting town and accepting what may be a few things they may not like and hopef

these were places where young children from russia or poland or czechoslovakia who appeared to have valuableacial characteristics, blond hair and blue eyes would put in a facility and evaluated and if they were found valuable they would be given to german couples to be raised as germans. then there were the euthanasia centers. now we're careful how we talk about this phrase. this is not euthanasia as we debate it today. this is how the germans dealt with people in germany, children and adults, who had disabilities and congenital diseases. there were about 170 and we suspect more euthanasia centers where they used poison gas on human beings an they killed up to 300,000 people in these places. and then of course there were the extermination camps that were an outgrowth from the euthanasia certainties. and the sites that placed the nazi regime in my estimation most firmly aport from any other. about 2.7 million victims mostly jews died on route to the extermination camps. most of the camps had shut down and been eliminated by june of '44 but auschwitz was still in operation murdering the jews o

. ♪ >> i want to tell you about the 10-year-old, a boyfriend because of last year czechoslovakia.his mom and teenage sisters. as the last time. they were rounded up and being sent to being murdered in 1942. he couldn't even speak english when he arrived in the uk but he grew up to become the youngest head teacher in the country. his honored by the queen and he brought up four children. ladies and gentlemen, that little boy was my dad. [applause] it's because of him that i am here today. [applause] until last year, i was a member of the uk parliament. i left later. [applause] i left anti-semitism. [applause] but i come to you today the message of hope. want to tell you how good this minded people of all backgrounds can come together and stand up and fight anti-semitism. i grew up as a teenager, i wanted you help and build that society. i was elected in my 20s, a senior advisor to gordon brown. i was elected as a member of parliament and served as a government minister in my 40s. i am proud to say i was an active member of labor and israel. [applause] i was only one of three mds who

the automaker has halted production until at least april 20th, plans in great britain, czechoslovakiand portugal. here is what he tweeted in part. the u.s. will not pay for their security protection. they must pay. they have made privately funded security arrangements. and finally, musicians took to the stage, sort of, performing from home for a star-studded concert for a very good cause. ♪ ♪ cheryl: love that song. elton john hosted a-list event, fox teaming with i heart radio. they are working on the front lines. back to you. maria: it was really good. and it was really cool to see everybody in their townhomes and their own home studios and living rooms. cheryl, thank you. cheryl: you bet. maria: short break and we have a lot more on the other side of that. stay with us. there are times when our need to connect really matters. to keep customers and employees in the know. to keep business moving. comcast business is prepared for times like these. powered by the nation's largest gig-speed network. to help give you the speed, reliability, and security you need. tools to manage your bus