washington d.c. group. it is wonderful to have them with us tonight and i hope you enjoyed their music. (applause) to our friends joining us tonight by c-span and on facebook live, we hope you have enjoyed this conversation and that it encourages you along with everyone here to dive deeper into the topic that we will be unpacking for you this evening. i'm here tonight on behalf of the board of directors of the white house historical association. our national council on white house history. many of them are with us tonight. welcoming you all for this wonderful conversation that our historians have been working on for several years. it was in may of 2016, at a speech at the city college of new york, and later that summer the political convention in philadelphia. first lady michel obama delivered a speech on both occasions that included these words. i wake up every morning in a house that was built by slaves. in the days that followed, our phone lines, our emails, our internet, our press office, our his

the ame churches in d.c. do a really great job of remembering and understanding african-american experiences in the district. i think there certainly is an effort to do that, and i think it has been a fine effort thus far. but as we see, there's so many ways you can mark place and understand it. in terms of your second question, in the book i have a chapter on black girls in schools. it is really fascinating, because there are these schools for black girls that emerge kind of leading into the war, and the mayor of washington, he kind of gets really worked up about it. he basically says, these schoo ls for black girls are a threat to the union, which sounds like, whoa, that's hyperbolic. but it just goes to show the kind of work, the building african-american communities and white allies were doing in the district, to kind of make space for liberty and self-making in ways that were really successful leading into the war and during the war as well. we see counterparts of those schools, particularly run by the c

here is data from the washington post, specifically washington, d.c. in d.c. today african-americans make up 47% of the population but 40% of the district's coronavirus deaths. in louisiana, they make up 42% of the population and 72% of the coronavirus deaths. chicago, 67% of deaths. why is there such a difference, a disparity, and those numbers? >> before i answer that, one thing i would like to point out to viewers, if you look at the in some ofnknowns those states, it is high. if you do go back and check of unknown, people classified as unknown race or ethnicity, i think you will see there is a large number of underrepresented minorities in those numbers. the problem -- the numbers are probably worse. there ared that, social determinants of health. researched,ell well-known and well-documented. you look back and you will see those populations in those areas you have just spoken about have been under significant health stress. their health is significantly worse. d.c., in onengton, african-american, the life expectancy is 72 years. the most powerful city in

the d.c. emancipation act of 1862, the supplemental act of 1862, the second confiscation act of 1862, the emancipation proclamation of 1863 and the repeal of the fugitive slave law in 1864 and many laws later slaves -- all slaves eventually become free, right. this complicated sequence of policy changes had varying impacts on the lives of black women particularly those arriving from neighboring slave holding states. nestled between the confederate territory in virginia and the loyal slate stave of maryland, wartime policy in the district created uncertain terms of liberty that black women struggled to decode. in the spring of 1862 congress freed just over 3,000 enslaved peoples in the nation's capital. it set in process the act a felony and compliance with a new order through kprensation for eachen slated person freed. slave owners were offered an amount of money determined by the assessed value of each enslaved person which at times exceeded the $300 allotted by the measure. the property disp

and we expect that that could happen in washington, d.c., in june.nts doing everything that we ask so that we can push down the number of peak cases and push out when that search would happen in d.c. >> chris: i want to pick up on what you just said, because you are working off a model that says that washington is going to hit its peak not an april, as new york is now or even may, but in late june, why so late in washington? >> mayor bowser: well, we think that all of the interventions that we put in place very aggressively in the early part of march, closing our schools, shutting down our bars and restaurants, closing essential businesses in washington, d.c., has pushed out when the peak might occur and we just know, we see that in a number that there are cities who are experiencing a surge in cases and hospitalizations now and we know and we see from what we see on the ground and testings show that our peak will come later. >> chris: meanwhile, it's not just a health crisis for you, d.c. is getting hammered economically and i want to put up some nu

do ame churches in d.c. really great job of remembering and understanding african-american experiences in the district. i think there certainly is an effort to do that, and i think it has been a fine effort thus far. but as we see, there's so many ways you can mark place and understand it. in terms of your second question, in the book i have a chapter on black girls in schools. it is really fascinating, because there are these schools for black girls that emerge kind of leading into the war, and the mayor of washington, he kind of gets really worked up about it. he basically says, these schoo ls for black girls are a threat to the union, which sounds like, whoa, that's hyperbolic. but it just goes to show the kind of work, the building african-american communities and white allies were doing in the district, to kind of make space for liberty and self-making in ways that were really successful leading into the war and during the war as well. we see counterparts of those schools, particularly run by the cathol

joining me now d.c. mayor muriel bowser.ational public health officials keep talking about washington as the next potential hotspots and you said that you worried that washington could be in the second wave of virus outbreaks. what is it you are seeing that worries you. >> certainly chris, we are getting prepared and we like all cities and states around the country are looking at various models to see our residents are doing everything that we ask so we can push down the number of peak cases and push out when that surge would happen in d.c. chris: i want to pick up on what you just said because you are working off models that say that washington is going to hit its peak, not an april as new york is or even may but in late june, why so late in washington. muriel: , we think all of the interventions that we put in place, very aggressively in the early part of march, closing our school, shutting down our bars and restaurants, closing essential businesses in washington, d.c. we think that has pushed out when the peak might occur

many came to washington, d.c. as you get into the 1810, 1820s, you begin to develop what we call black codes. there were laws passed to control the free black community, to make sure that they registered. there were laws that in the 1820s that said, if you were free and black and wanted to stay in washington, you needed to have somebody white write a letter attesting to your character. there were laws that prevented african-americans from being out together after a certain time at night or reduced the number of african-americans that could come together. part of this is out of fear, part of this is out of social control. >> andrew jackson, when he became president, he became a slave owner as well. did he bring slaves to washington, d.c., as well. >> andrew jackson is so interesting on many levels. not only does he bring enslaved people, but during his administration, through the trail of tears and others, they have this removal of all of these indians in the southeast, which opens all of that land up for agricultu

so d.c. hospitals are right now bracing preparing for for a big surge in cases and casualties let's talk about that epicenter in new york city we know schools there have been closed how are students and their parents coping well it's a challenge for everyone clear of most of the people who experience this for the 1st time in their lives and it means students have to work from home parents have to roll in home schooling them and at the same time they have to tell work from home so it's it's a struggle of course because they can't rely on any help like nannies for instance because of the social distancing rules in place and in addition to that social activities are canceled so it's a struggle and a challenge for students and families alike on a very silent in washington d.c. thank you very much. and in an effort to slow the spread of coven 19 in turkey the government has imposed a lockdown at for some 31 cities across the country the measure came into effect on friday night at midnight and as e

two days later after this picture was taken, the beleaguered residents of washington, d.c., began to

but the death toll for the d.c.politan area, d.c., suburban maryland, suburban virginia, has now passed 1,000 as of today. when do you expect cases to peak in the d.c. area? >> well, we are so happy with how our residents are reacting to our stay-at-home orders and all of our directives for social distancing, because we actually have fewer infections today than what all of the models suggested that we would. we still think that we're going to hit a peak of cases in mid- to late may and see a surge in hospitalizations follow that. so we still have many, many more weeks of working to flatten the curve, make sure our medical surge capacity at our hospitals is ready, so that we can save lives here in washington, d.c. in d.c. proper, we are now over 3,000 cases. and sadly, we've lost over a hundred washingtonians. the disproportionate impact on african-americans in our city, county, state, is substantial. so how we'll continue to focus on vulnerable populations is our focus. >> we've also seen, mayor, jails and prisons a

and washington, d.c. really has a great hospital center, one of them, of course, is one that is behind me here, that it is howard university hospital, it serves the underserved primarily the poverty stricken areas, the seventh and eighth wards, the african-american community, we have been talking a lot about the disparities in healthcare as well as the ravaging impact of the coronavirus on the particular community. and this morning i had a chance to talk to the president of howard university, dr. wayne frederick, a medical doctor himself, who says that this center and this hospital is a part of the unit and part of the facilities that will be on the front lines of dealing with this disease, the mayor reached to him to directly assess what the situation is, it is going to be in the community and take action. take a listen. >> the d.c. department of health has been very good about giving us information to the mayor's office and what they're looking at is a potential surge that is going to occur anywhere bet

he was later kicked off of a washington d.c. street war and he went to the supreme court and he was not allowed to watch. you need to take away his commission. it is outrageous that we are outranked by a black man, but augusta wouldn't allow any of this to stop him. he and his friend dr. anderson abbott approached the white house for a public reception. they came dressed in their blue union uniforms. inside the building they met benjamin brown french and he was the commissioner of the public buildings and they presented french with their cards and these are abbott's words describing the scene. french conducted us with all the urbanity imaginable to the president who was standing just inside the door. french first introduced augusta to president lincoln and according to abbott, mr. lincoln, on seeing augusta advanced eagerly a few paces forward and grasped his hand. now about six paces away, mary todd lincoln was standing, talking to her son robert who was home from harvard and she sent robert over to the president and lincoln wa

when a in d.c. we had an election for mayor there was this guy named paul zuckerberg that rand paul has a commercial primary issue was decriminalization and legalization of marijuana and he brought that to the fore at every debate as a result d.c. marrow candidates were 1st forced to talk about it and well you know d.c. ends up legalizing marijuana all right well lawrence and i don't want to get to november but we'll see how it all pans out lawrence gostin the chair of global health law it's actually not learned something can confuse oh my guesses are you guys are slow in the democratic strategist sorry about this i hear very much thank you thank you there it is 70 s. right now well primary data from the us indicates that black americans are more likely to die from coronavirus highlighting the inequalities in health and access to medical care and like to primes more. it's been said that the coronavirus doesn't discriminate with the rich famous and powerful among those who fall in l. but that doesn't

[laughter] the case of the d.c.islation, your neighbor, someone who lives in thehe same building you lived in, selma roosevelt testified in favor and she was dismayed that all of the physicians who testified were against her. and you had a conversation with mary klein's physician, who is now your physician, and she told you about conversations she has had with her h colleagues. and how torn they are about it. but why do all these physician to testified here oppose it? >> guest: for a number of reasons. i think many go back to the idea that physicians should do no harm. now, let us begin to wonder in whose head, harm exists. does it exist in the mind and heart of the patient who may be receiving one more treatment that does no good? does it exist in the mind of the doctor who feels, well let's try this one more thing? there is a feel that patients can get onto, especially those whowh are suffering from serious cancer diagnoses who try one another. after the church, and most especially the roman catholic church. >> ho

d.c.. seeing a huge spike in coronavirus cases. ali, is that because of where it fell, the cases, the spread there didn't start until a couple weeks after it started here in new york, or is there something more concerning there? are there hot spots that had previously been undetected? >> reporter: the mayor has long been saying that she thought d.c. would be in the second wave of cities that are hit hard by coronavirus. we're of course watching d.c. as well as the surrounding states, maryland and virginia. we've seen more than 10,000 cases for the dmv combined. so there are steps being taken to mitigate that. you hear dr. deborah birx saying she's concerned about washington d.c. because this is the time, as she says, they're coming to the upside of their curve. to that end the mayor has been taken some proactive steps to try to further flatten that curve. today she announced that grocery stores should start posting that people who go there to shop need to be wearing masks. at the same time

and in the baltimore and washington, d.c. area, 15% zero positivity and 500 cases per day and 200 cases per day in baltimore. this is how we're looking at it, county by county, metro by metro, rural region by rural region to make sure we don't miss anything and we're triangulating testing data with the attack rates, with the hospitalization, with the number of cases and really creating a mosaic of who needs what when to ensure every american is served well. i had a great call today with a group of pediatricians, the head of the american academy of pediatrics and with the american college of obstetrics and gynecology. behind the scenes and working every day are the pediatricians fielding those phone

put out a request that every voter in d.c. request an absentee ballot and i think you're going to start to see governors following suit for their primaries and the november elections wisconsin's governor tried to postpone today's primary but both the wisconsin and the u.s. supreme courts said no you have to do deal do the primary election today viewers around the world they may be scratching their heads and asking why would the cords demand an election in the middle of a pandemic like this do you have an explanation. you know i think a lot of americans are scratching their heads too it all comes down to wisconsin election law and the laws firm and the day is set and the governor doesn't have institutional power to simply postpone an election and i think in a time like this you would want the governor to have that power but the laws written for a variety of reasons to limit gubernatorial strength and i think what it shows both wisconsin but other states is that we need to go back and reexamine our election laws and start to pla

if you're in the d.c. area, you'll find that that capital area food bank is the one that it will likely send you to and ask them, what do you need and they will be able to tell you what it is that they need. host: gary calling from broken bow, oklahoma. hello there. caller: hello. couple comments and yesterday on c-span a lady gave out a phone number to help you get meals on wheels. what's amazing to me, she gave one phone number for the entire nation. the odds of getting through on that phone is more than winning the lottery. there's no access to let anyone know i'm a 67 years old, i have cancer, i can't hardly walk, i certainly can't walk to a grocery store. i can't properly feed myself. host: when is the last time you were able to get food delivered r have someone buy it for you? caller: i never have. i never have. can buy my own food but i don't have access to it. i leave my house once every three weeks to go get chemo treatments. i have cancer in my hip. i can't barely walk. host: you're seeking assis

thank you so much, d.c. muriel bowser. >>> up next, joe biden is racking up the big name endorsements now that he's the apparent democratic nominee. can he unify the party enough to beat donald trump? we are back after this. hi, it's jan from toyota. we know how important it is to have a safe, reliable vehicle right now. so toyota is here to help. to ensure your toyota is in top condition, many toyota service centers are open to serve you- with certified technicians and genuine toyota parts. and many even offer online service scheduling- and no-contact vehicle drop-off. we're here for you. contact your local toyota dealer to see how they can help. toyota we've worked to provide you with the financial strength, stability, and online tools you need. and now it's no different. because helping you through this crisis is what we're made for. what do you look for when i want free access to research. yep, td ameritrade's got that. free access to every platform. mhm, yeah, that too. i don't want any trade minimums.

it took the colonel back to d.c.. his death spread to d.c.. they embalm the body. the president said i cannot grant permission because he's not a family member. the doctor took people and persuaded the president. the president said okay embalm the body. they did it. when the president thought they were done he went to the fire house. he was a close friend of the president. that is why they immediately went to the fair house. when they got down there ... >> the president viewed the body and lincoln is quoted as saying it looks like he's asleep. we know this because newspapers reported it at the time. he late for a week in washington d.c., shipped to albany new york where he later for another week. the newspapers reported this man had been dead for two and a half weeks but there was no signs of death. no swelling, no smell. that's how the average person found out about embalming. the doctor charged 100 dollars per person thereafter. these are tools of the embalming trade of 1861. >> this works on the principle every foot above the body is a pound of pressure. it take

d.c. warning that washington, d.c. may be one of three east coast cities that could be a new coronavirus hot spot. we will talk with d.c. mayor just ahead. this pandemic has forced another 6.6 million americans to file for unemployment. it comes on the same day the federal reserve unveiling new programs to help states, cities, and small businesses. steve leesman of cnbc will be joining us later in the program and our phone lines are open and we want to hear from in you the next hour. those in the eastern or central time zones 202-748-8000. if you live in the mount and pacific time zones. 220-74-8001 and a medical professional 202-748-8002. dr. nahid bhadelia will also be joining us in this program. she is an infectious disease expert from boston university's school of medicine. but we want to begin as we always do with the numbers. courtesy of johns hopkins university, now nearly 1.6 million cases around the world. and globally, just over 95,000 deaths here in this country, over 16,000 peo

here on the campus of george washington university in the heart of washington, d.c.. norman rockwell's "four freedoms " exhibition is a traveling show, celebrating the 75th anniversary of the norman rockwell museum, the 75th anniversary of d-day, and putting on the wall the images norman rockwell created that -- rockwell painted the created the ideological concepts that president roosevelt in the state of the union address in 1941. >> this is freedom of speech and expression. the second is freedom of every person who worships god in his own way everywhere in the world. the third is freedom from want, translated in the world terms, means economic understanding procured through every nation a healthy peace time life everywhere in the world. the fourth is freedom of fear. it means a worldwide reduction of armament. that no nation will be in a position to be in a physical act of aggression against any neighbor anywhere in the world. (applause) >> what people forget today is that the concept of four freedoms did not take immediate halt on the national psyche. a few artists

and, before i knew it, i was moving to washington, d.c. to start at the association in the fall of 2016. >> but you've described yourself in the same article that i referenced before as self-taught more or less on white house history because there's not an existing graduate program. >> unfortunately, yeah. and i think lindsay probably -- she's going through the growing pains of this right now. >> in process. >> when we go into these very specific graduate programs, oftentimes we end up writing about a research topic that is very specific, very narrow, very focused, and our scholarly training reflects that. we are experts on early american history. that was our training. but now, being a white house historian, the story of the white house doesn't end in 1820, it continues and changes and evolves and all of a sudden now you find yourself using all of your knowledge of american history and starting to connect the dots, you know, in terms of major changes in american society or demographic or economic changes. you can see these things sort of

that battlefield is not just washington d.c. though the task force has jurisdiction includes all cities and towns in the area like arlington so this region includes all 3 branches of government a couple 100 federal departments and agencies and almost 300000 federal employees the task force also has about a 1000 police and civilian law enforcement officers under its command this includes military police who would accompany helicopters vans and limousines to evacuate the designated survivors according to the documents obtained by newsweek there's also something else secret contingency plans already exist for what the military is supposed to do if the u.s. government falls that means all constitutional successors are incapacitated essentially these are plans for if members of congress come down with the coronavirus to the point where so many members have it that the legislature can't pass any laws now continuity of government commissions were created after $911.00 but now is the 1st time such extraordinary procedures are actually b

the word of his death spread quickly through washington, d.c. the president asked permission to involve -- embalm the body. the president said he could not because he was not a family member. finally the president was persuaded he is the father of everyone in the military because he is the commander-in-chief. the president said go ahead. he embalmed the body and sent word to the white house he was done. he lied. the president and misses lincoln stop doing what they were doing, immediately went to the firehouse. the colonel had spent many hours entertaining the president's children. he was also a member of president lincoln's law staff. outside the fair house, the body laid there naked. there is the president getting out of the carriage. are you going to tell him to stay in for 20 minutes? i don't think so. they dragged the flag up to the colonel's shoulder. the president and misses lincoln viewed the body and she said, it looks like he is asleep. he lay for a week in washington, d.c., schip to albany, new york for another week. newspaper reporte

he came to d.c., surveyed the entire area and selected the spot. once the spot was selected in the process was in place, he picked which design was going to be implemented, and he worked with all of the various architects. james hoban made it happen. he met with the james hoban before selecting his design. i suspect, but there is no record, i suspect he said, here are the things i'm looking for for his presidents house in philadelphia, he had a bow window added to the reception rooms, which i think he then had brought into the white house in the oval drawing rooms we see. there are certain architectural elements he absolutely brought to the white house. >> do you want people -- what do you want people to know about washington's association to the white house? >> i see the white house essentially as a primary source. if you study the evolution and the changes in architecture and the materials used, the laborers, the designers, commissioners, it traces back to one source. and it is president washington. even though he did not live in the house, he bu

well let's go now to our correspondent stephanie simmons in washington d.c. jeff on president trump has halted funding for the world health organization what reason did he give for this decision and does he have the authority to actually do that. as a number one he gave a very lengthy. explanation for those he basically says let me quote that he will hold funding while a review is conducted by his administration quote to assess the w h o's role in severely mismanaging and covering up covering up the spread of the corona virus that's the reason he gave now can he do that can he hold the funding and we're talking about $400.00 to $500000000.00 every year yes you can but as you can see in the wording here he leaves themselves a back door he says he will review the matter and we thought actually here in washington d.c. that this is going to happen because he had to work through this last week already so here you have a review will be conducted by an administration and the outcome might be maybe that the us is now as a major funder for the w.h.o. not paying any mo

you're watching can question run casting live from our to american national headquarters in washington d.c. we want to welcome our viewers from across the nation and around the world today here are your top stories 1st thousands of americans nationwide are rallying to reopen the economy adding more pressure to end state lockdown plus the trumpet ministration and congress are close to a deal to help give small businesses and get them a boost this while oil prices take a historic plunge will discuss that. boeing is reopening some of its airplane manufacturing plants bringing thousands of employees back to work in multiple states where stay at home mandates remain in place all right it's time to boost your abuse i.q. . while president trump has launched his initiative to reopen america in the coming weeks americans across the country took to the streets calling for changes to be made now but while some demonstrators say they are in favor of the administration others criticized its response to the coronavirus pandemic r.t.s. rachel blevins is joining us live from the newsroom with more details

we're going to talk to d.c.'s mayor and get her thoughts next. . get the perfectly grilled flavors of an outdoor grill indoors, and because it's a ninja foodi, it can do even more, like transform into an air fryer. the ninja foodi grill, the grill that sears, sizzles, and air fry crisps. soon, people will be walking back through your door.. soon, life will move forward. we'll welcome back old colleagues, get to know new ones some things may change, but we'll still be here, right here, so you can work on the business of getting your business back. at paycom, our focus will always be you and we'll see you soon. daddy, i found you! good job. now i'm gonna stay here and you go hide. watch your favorites from anywhere in the house with the xfinity stream app. free with your xfinity service. now any room can be a tv room. stream live tv, on demand shows and movies, even your dvr recordings. download the xfinity stream app today to stream the entertainment you love. >>> so this morning while some cities and states begin to relax their lockdowns, the mayor

in washington d.c., but it had begun to spread across the u.s. now, the following day "the washington post" reported that 90 people had died of influenza in boston and that the malady seemed to be sweeping from east to west. it really wasn't probably started in the midwest. but the malady was ramping up and the next day they reported that 90 people in boston had died. these were deaths among soldiers and sailors. the plague builds momentum, more and more people die and by october the 2nd on the front page of the washington post, we were told that the work hours have changed, that the federal day has been staggered to check the influenza spread and the people are to take shifts. now, washington d.c. was not the only city to do this by any means. in fact, it happened in most of the cities that were affected. so the idea was, if we could stop people from mingling, although we didn't know it was a virus that was causing this, we did understand somehow that keeping away from people was probably a good idea. so, theaters were closed down in some places

in washington d.c. thank you time to take a look now at other news around the world former u.s. president barack obama has endorsed a democratic contender joe biden in the race for the white house mr obama announced his support for his former vice president in a video message describing biden as the right leader to guide the u.s. a through one of its quote darkest times firefighters in ukraine have extinguished a fire that was threatening at the chernobyl nuclear power plant the forest fires near the abandon site had been burning for 10 days the chernobyl nuclear plant suffered a meltdown in 1986 that spread radioactive fallout across europe. in india the world's biggest coronavirus lockdown is being extended to at least may 3rd prime minister narendra modi spoke to the nation in a televised address saying people's lives were more important than the economy the restrictions affect 1300000000 people and have left millions of workers dependent on food handouts. profits at 2 major u.s. banks plunged in the 1st quarter wells fargo reported an 89 percent drop in earnings that says it

our white house correspondent kelly how he joins us from washington d.c. kimberly the. chief there pushing back hard against criticism received. yeah and that has been followed up in just the last half hour or so by a statement from the u.n. secretary general and i'll read it here i've just gotten it it's sort of pushing back again on this criticism about. the world health organization being perhaps china centric something that the u.s. president said yesterday and also the fact that it may have declared have been slow to declare a public health emergency this is what the statement says it says obviously in such conditions is possible that the same facts have different readings by different entities once we have finally turned the page on the epidemic there must be a time to look back to fully understand how such a diseased emergent spread its devastation so quickly across the globe and skipping ahead a few sentences but now is not that time now is the time for unity for the international community to work together as solidarity to stop this virus and its shattering con

two weeks ago we displayed the d.c. emancipation act ended slavery in the district of columbia in 1860 two. among the records generated as a result of this you will find several references to women owners. to come up for example, sot compensation for their freed slave, one claiming one was a gift from her sister and worth $1500. they were her property and received favorable reviews. a writer because at a stunning new book. the new york times reviewer says as they taught and cogent corrective that examines how historians have misunderstood and misrepresented white women as reluctant actors. the washington post says that the author has provided in innovative analysis of american slavery, one that sets a new standard for scholarship on the subject. stephanie jones rogers is an associate professor at uc berkeley where she specializes in african-american history, women and gender history and the history of american slavery. " they were her property" is based on her revised and it dissertation which one applies for the best d

he traveled from toronto to washington, d.c. to appear before the army medical board in march of 1863 and he was examined by this guy on the left, dr. meredith clymer. dr. clymer expressed, and these are his words, surprise that augusta appeared to be a person of african descent. agusta explained to the members the board i have come near 1000 , miles a great expense and sacrifice hoping to be of some use to my country and my race in this eventful period, and hope the board will make a favorable view of my case. but the board was unmoved. dr. clymer and the surgeon general william hammond both wanted the war department to recall his invitation to appear. fortunately the secretary of war , edwin stanton stepped in and refused to give into their racially motivated request. the first african-american -- he became the first african american to receive an army commission in american history. he was commissioned major peer surgeon general hammond went up to the physician and said i say, how did you come to let the n-w ord pass. he said

alesworth led a troop of soldiers from washington, d.c. over to alexandria to get the ground war started. the union army thought the war would last two months, maybe three at the very most. when you get into alexandria, all he could find was a confederate flag flying over miller's tavern. everybody thinks this here is the confederate flag. this is not what colonel alsworth had taken down from the tavern. that is the first official confederate flag. seven states, seven stars. that's what colonel alsworth had taken down from the tavern. as he was coming down the tavern army became irate about the skich, reached out, pulled a shotgun out, shot the colonel if the chest. he did is that in front of the colonel's men sew got stabbed five times and shot seven. took the colonel back to washington, d.c. and put him at the shipyard. the word of his death spread fairly quickly through washington, d.c. and went to the president to ask permission to embalm the body. the president said i can't grant permission because i'm not a family member. three hours

he made a series of sketches and came to washington, d.c. and presented them at the office of war information. the leadership at the time rejected the idea and sent him away without a commission to paint roosevelt's four freedoms. on his trip home however, he stopped in philadelphia and met with editors of the saturday evening post, who embraced the idea and instructed rockwell to go home, not to work on other features, but to focus on the four freedoms. he was given three months, it took him seven to conceive and paint the pictures once he began. the first painting that he worked on, the one that gave him the inspiration of the series was freedom of speech. as rockwell recalls in his biography, he woke up, he was struggling as rockwell always did, struggling to come up with the concept, the idea of how he would actually embody an abstract idea such as freedom of speech. he says he woke up one night and recalled a meeting in the town of arlington where he lived at the time, a town hall meeting and a debate that took place in arlington about

next week, we plan to tell d.c. residents exactly what's happening but to give you an example at our jail, working with our d.c. courts and the metropolitan police department. we started early on to see if there were ways that we could direct people out of the jail before any decisions were made, for example on our charging decisions. so those things have been pretty effective in helping us keep the jail population down. even as we have been responding to the pandemic we seen a decrease by hundreds of people. it's a good thing because it allows more spacing. we've limited people coming into the jail from workers to vendors to visitors who tried to prevent the spread. but we have a very serious property come for if we have a worker or inmate tests positive. we have the luxury of having a lot of space in our jail. but we have other vulnerable populations, from the people we served and similarly, we have protocols to quarantine anybody found to be positive and to quarantine people that have been exposed to them. >> all

[laughing] because in the case of the d.c.lation, your neighbor, someone who lives in the same building you lived in, thelma roosevelt testified in favor and she was dismayed that all of the physicians who testified against it. and you had a conversation with mary clients physician who is not your position, and she told her your conversation she is had with our colleagues. and and how i guess torn they are about it why did all of these physicians who testified here oppose it? >> well, for a number of reasons. i think many go back to the idea that physicians should do no harm. now, let us begin to wonder in whose head harm exists. does it exist in the mind and heart of the patient who may be receiving one more treatment that does no good? does it exist in the mind of the doctor who feels, well, let's try this one more thing? there is a wheel that patients can get onto, especially those who are suffering from serious cancer diagnoses, who try one treatment after another. the church, and most especially, the roman catholic church