. >> darpa, a whole variety of government programs. it's hard to say that a private industry should have made those in the 1960's and 1970's. the scale of the investment was wrong, the risk was wrong, no one in their right minds would have done that but once government took it to a certain point silicon valley did jump on it and we did get this wonderful economy. similarly, in energy, i think there is a range of projects where the government is really the most appropriate funding source, and i would like to see more of that. it's tricky because the government doesn't do everything with equal efficiency. there are many examples of government-funded projects that are kind of boondoggles and don't amount to a whole lot. but the government has been very effective in this area. that's why we are have technology so strong in this country versus the rest of the world so i would broadly agree with tom friedman that we need to have more of the basic investments so that the silicon valley 2.0 that occurs in energy is more likely to occur here. a