all of these people are thinking like darwin. we are at the tip of the big long story that is going to continue forward and we've got a long history behind us. this, that is darwin a stick in that it takes the whole suite of history. frederik jackson turner thinks that way to. let me tell you what he says in this really gangbuster article called, the significance of the frontier on history. i will describe this and tell you why this -- then i want you to do is cook up some label for this. i usually call this philosophical but i'm not happy with that. it is not really philosophical. it has eaten up with darwinism and social -- with turner says is that, if you look back through american history from the very beginning. if you look back throughout american history and you sort of look at a map where people live, there is always been a frontier line between what people thought of as civilization, and what people thought of as the wildes of the world. there has always been a line of demarcation between civilization, boston, philly, pi

but it's got -- it's eaten up with darwinism and social darwinism, too. okay, look. what turner says is that if you look back through american history, from the very beginning, from the puritan days, all right, if you look back throughout american history and you sort of look at a map where people live, there's always been a frontier line between what people thought of as civilization and what people thought of as the wilds of the world. there's always been a line of demarcation between civilization, boston, philly, pittsburgh. and the frontier. and people knew it. people knew where it was. it was always there, okay? and the thing about it was, it represented something formative in the american character, okay? the presence of a frontier, the presence of the frontier determined american characters throughout time because the frontier did sort of two things. the frontier was where you could go to start over again. if everything went wrong, if everything just fell apart, right, you could go to the frontier and remake yourself and there's a bunch of stories sort of wrap

tom: neuroscience is the ultimate darwinism.euroscience says we are now finding the mechanical reasons or hookups in your brain, and to give you a sense of smell, the give you sense of taste. that give you feelings of danger. and it's all, and the end result is creating the impression that we are machines. the belief that you have of self, that is wrong. there is an eye inside of you. and soul. the soul is disappearing as a result of neuroscience. i thought it was a perfect way to analyze scientifically a scientific as i could become a what was happening to my girl charlotte simmons as she comes into contact with people and customs she has never had to deal with before. in the last part of the question, no i have never done that to this extent of bringing the two together. i've mentioned it before but i tried to really immerse charlotte herself in the reader. in the latest series of neuroscience because they ultimately a very depressing. host: so how appropriate the book should be titled charlotte simmons. tom: thank you diane.

way we used to because he doesn't want to give us money was always opposed to darwin the corner oh most of the dirt road trying to make a living was delivered to the vines are waging wars there was still love to play in the roads the government has offered to drivers a one off compensation amounting to $250.00 euros per bus a total of almost $70000000.00 euros but drivers say that not enough things are tough for passengers to and this minibus terminal in cape town people do regularly disinfect their hands but no one's checking distance regulations or whether people are wearing masks you know don't we go to the well you can go on to we're going to the way to go you need to go. where you keep so you can get really into it see because white stains and if you can you can see though a pretty good if it's not properly on thing that because you know it's not going to be loving you know you can look you know actually you can if you know it's very very dangerous irresponsible to say they shouldn't be packing they think you've got this time doing this and i religiously and south africa have been

es el primer dÍa de trabajo tambiÉn para darwin, él como sus compaÑeros del sector de la construcciÓn1 mil muertos. sÓlo en el mes de abril murieron 500 personas, todos los dÍas. es un dÍa histÓrico. el gobernador usÓ el tren subterraneo hoy en un un dÍa que llamÓ histórico. la primera fase de reapertura reincorpora al trabajo alrededor de 400 mil empleados en proyecto de construcciÓn industrial y comercial. mÁs del 60 % de ellos de origen hispano. 4 de cada diez latinos perdieron su trabajo. >> todos sus esfuerzos estÁn dando frutos. no podemos bajar la guardia ahora. tenemos que seguir fase por fase. hasta vencer a este virus. reportera: los trenes subterranesos se limpiarÁn todos los dÍas. el sistema serÁ cerrado como las Últimas semanas. es un dÍa que hay que celebrar, pero con cautela, dicen las autoridades. esta es sÓlo la primera etapa y todavÍa se puede producir un retroceso en las prÓximas semanas. jorge: el lÍder de la liga nacional de fÚtbol admite que se equivocÓ no escuchar jugadores que protestaban en contra del racismo. ilia: ciento de miles de dreamers esperan un fallo

we're heading east of darwin to the picturesque and largely indigenous land just amusing go to the community of state made the highest rates of having time know how at its highest point and then the elderly lady decided to take matters into their own hands. is a ski beach she says it was the hanging suicide of a 21 year old that sparked a cluster of other suicides in her community he was the 1st one to commit suicide. the 1st time his community in this community. youngest sister also committed suicide that was when her family took action 7 years ago creating a volunteer service called the mangas suicide prevention group what do you do to prevent suicide in the community. with our walk me and my sisters we walk the streets and listen for the noise where it's coming from. the women run a 24 hour suicide watch often patrolling the streets with only small torches they mediate in family issues and mental troubled youths will probably up the next day go to their house and sit down have a cup or 2 read with their peers so they were not in that angry with him but like cancelling. the local police sa

it had one of the world's greatest jobs at a time after darwish debate over darwin published in 1859 he was the keeper of titles and amphibians. a great job at the time because people were coming back to paris from different parts of the globe from creatures they found and discovered tha antigua to sy them from the first time to describe these and understand the basic. it received the package they were about 4 inches long so they are fully functioning. they have external dealt with. what he did is kept them up. they actually do them extremely well and had a soup recipe of these things. he lets them go with a. we noticed about six months later he looked in this enclosure and these are the original diagrams. it is an entire different. somebody put chimpanzees in a cage and came back the next year to find gorillas and chimpanzees inhabiting the same page. the book they decided to do is study their biology into something very remarkable. the larvae has external bills and they live in water like little tadpoles. they get bigger and bigger and become sexually mature as all of the features.

darwin in europe shut down to stem coronavirus sweden kept going most businesses stayed open in what was seen from abroad as a risky move but the swedish state epidemiologist behind that strategy told a newspaper awareness there that although it caused too many deaths he doesn't think it was wholly wrong. if we were to encounter the same disease with exactly what we know about it today i think we would learn midway between sweden dude and what the rest of the world good. well sweden has suffered more than 4 a half 1000 deaths odd of a population of around 10000000 that makes it the most affected of the scandinavian countries the others enforced harsher restrictions the swedish government though sees it was ready to take on wider measures against the virus if advice to buy be healthy agency residents aren't so sure though a poll out on thursday echoed others suggesting that confidence among swedish citizens in the state's ability to deal with the brick house drop significantly since april another swedish epidemiologist we spoke to didn't hold back from criticizing either we're normall

one of at least 20 who died this week in a violent faceoff with chinese soldiers in the disputed darwin valley. indian officials say the soldiers were killed in hand to hand combat in the dark only with rocks some planting to their deaths in subzero temperatures. firearms have been banned in the region since a $996.00 bilateral agreement that aimed to deter escalation india blames beijing for the flare up accusing chinese soldiers of an incursion response. we expect. china disagrees it says blame for the collapse rests with india china has acknowledged his forces suffered casualties but its release no figures. for 2 sides are currently engaged in dialogue to resolve the issues on the ground through diplomatic and military channels nothing else to offer. to fight erupted in a region of the himalayas where an exact border has never been defined infrastructure projects on both sides of the disputed line of control have increased tension in recent months. that tension has now spread across india sparking protests calling for a boycott of chinese goods. as i'm not calling for the chinese pre

speaking and i think it's in their hands now we're talking about the people on social media that john darwin was complaining about i think we will need to give them some time they are learning it's a learning curve and it's date who will inherit tyson society and now within the coming years they will have to decide what they would want to do and it's not just again about the lack of genuine democracy but the terrible economic. problems that that's already affecting millions and will affect many more as in the months ahead gentlemen we will have to leave our discussion there thank you private puffin and dominic thank you to i guess they were private roads on the rock pub in charge of open going dominic folder and thank you too for watching you can see the show again and in time via the website al-jazeera dot com the address and for the discussion to check out our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash a.j. inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter at page 8 inside story or you can talk to me on twitter as well peter don't be one for me to go over and everyone on

if not by god then by darwin. and it is quite natural to retreat to your own people.and after 9/11 in new york to have two kinds of allegiances. the reverend jerry falwell and pat robertson those - - both announced 9/11 and the result of homosexuality on america. which was pretty far-fetched theory. but i went to the same college. why do they think they're doing? that is back to blood they are both virginians and you can't go around talking about virginians in that matter one - - manner. i think that everybody identifies themselves with the particular status group. which if those beliefs were carved in stone it would make the group the most important. i have been in a country store during the second world war and here were these three good old boys from north carolina just talking and one says it all seems to be back to the sky hitler. [laughter] instead of saying these boats and supplies to europe why don't we just go shoot him? and another says i'm sure it's not that simple you just can't go over there and shoot him. he said you just get me a boat and get me over th

of the americans giving that up we have to bring the europeans together and find a common position darwin a scapegoat all we need for a big plan a master plan of. trump i don't know. lots of questions in guessing here in germany are the americans about to pull thousands of troops out of the country and if so why last week u.s. president drunk reportedly instructed the pentagon to bring home almost 10000 of the 34000 troops stationed here in germany the pentagon has not confirmed that report in the german government says it has not received notification ever since he became u.s. president donald trump is criticize germany for not increasing its defense spending today germany's defense minister made it clear the presence of u.s. troops serves u.s. interests and does not constitute the americans doing the germans a favor. this is a the fact is that the presence of u.s. soldiers in germany serves the overall security of the nato alliance and that's also american security. that is the basis on which we work together incidentally it is also the basis on which many american soldiers have also be

is that the group that stalled with the oil field and threatened the employees and forces the shah darwin of production has pulled out why because of trade bill mediation like local tribal leader tribal leaders mediated and negotiated with the . group but it seems also that the. group were threatened by this statement issued by the endo see that's the national oil corporation the state oil field the state oil for here in tripoli which threaten to be feared the whole case to the general prosecutor and also threatened that closure of oil fields is impacting the country's economy severely especially. a shot of oil field is the country's biggest oil producing good fielder and a shot our own good feel oil fields in southern libya are the all the producing oil fields after the blockade of the oil christened in central libya by after us forces now the only group seems to be affiliated to the warlords liefer have to but it's still part of the petroleum facilities guard at the southern the branch of the. petroleum facility got i have to explain this to you that it's complicated and it's confusingl

darwin we're not about a lot ability of it. so it doesn't. look that way doesn't doesn't weigh the. mission to the imminence in. which. they were. who. could be so. that left the. train. of thought. on this a lot of what i thought about another obviously box of thought of. my own knowledge i know that's a waste of. time. well . when i came here 9 years ago in 2003 i was very surprised that more can people know me they see my films. went to the soup to desire to buy some clothes and all the people to take my name and take the name of my firms it was very surprising for me but. i really happy to be here because. there's a lot of love and affection and respect for the moroccan people to india to indian films to indian firm stars and i am very obliged to pay for giving me this affection. and if a hindu took off again the only comes from one of the only it's kind of me would look after so no one had the sense when that you'd come seen him at last a lot more. honest that you must in. conflicts our a myth of a song and i don't want dark i know i'm not going faster consuming the what someon

darwin not about the law to believe it. so it doesn't. doesn't doesn't with me so him and he so their mission should immigrants in. which. they were. who. can amount can. be so. left the. train. of thought no. i know you. didn't do that lot when i thought about that obviously box of thought of. my own knowledge i know that it was not one of. so. i mean i did you cope and she sort of. when i came here 9 years ago in 2003 i was very surprised that more computer know me they see my films. went to the soup to desire to buy some clothes and all the people to take my name and take the meat of my firms it was very surprising for me but. i really happy to be here because. there's a lot of love and affection and respect with the moroccan people to india to indian films to indian firm stars and i'm very obliged to pay for giving me this affection . and if a hindu company in the only comes from one of the only it's kind of me would look after so no i think that's the sense when that if you don't come seen a. lot more. honest that you must in. confli

discredited to suggest that we should just allow coronavirus to be unleashed on the whole population, a darwin union -- darwinian level of do or die. it became weaker and weaker and died away. we don't know if that will happen with coronavirus. it would be great if it did, but who's to know. most authorities think that the spanish flu ling erred on into about 1920. john barry, wrote a huge book but the spanish flu in the states, apparently claims somebody in his family died of it in 1929, so quite remarkable it should have stayed until that point, and i've not been able to examine that in detail. i'd like to know where and when that person was when they succumbed to it. >> host: the last question we'll take is from carrie. you can knowing that your become is so reliant on first person accounts, have you been keeping a written record of your experiences in the current pandemic for the future and what do you encourage people to write about so that futurehartans will have the types of personal accounts that help you write the book. >> guest: yes, i have. and also, a lot of broadcasting companies

the all solly what darwin did when one of. and if your mom. says genocide it can make. you diplomacy in one. by monumental i'm just of. a start enough of can i am a number see and then what on. the trial of the 11 women began in a criminal court in march 29th. initially no charges seem to have been brought against the women but one london based human rights organization said that the eventual charges related to the promotion of women's rights as well as sharing information with journalists and international human rights agency. following an international outcry however some of the women were granted temporary release but others still remained in custody but with the outbreak of the covert 1000 pandemic all their trials have been postponed indefinitely. the al-jazeera arabic team looked for accurate 1st hand information about the prison conditions of the women activists their search took them thousands of kilometers away to soften africa where they tracked down a human not deciding a former female detainee in saudi arabia crucially she'd been held in prison and long side

you have to allow corporate darwin ism to take over.u carry companies that are not viable and hurts everybody else. it's -- i know it sounds awful but i got to tell you something, the other side of this is far worse in my opinion -- >> hold on a lot of people will say hey, this applies to ppp and all sorts of programs put in place to build what we're hoping to be a bridge to the other side of this pandemic to keep some of the economy going so there is a real argument here to be made to say support some of these companies and the economy, yeah? >> i understand that look at the numbers, look at the difference in the numbers between what's going on. look at, you know, when steve mnuchin pulled the $6 trillion out of his pocket, where is that coming from? it's coming from me and you and dwindle away our buying power and by the way, this started long before anybody heard of covid and started in earnest in september, september 17th to be exact. what the fed is doing, they could hide behind the window or the vail or the carpet of covid but the

social darwinism suggested that the most civilized racist which they presumed to be white english speaking american peoples, would ultimately triumph through progress and native peoples would fade into -- put down to nothing. a tribute to this type were fairly common. in other cities, it also depicted sculpture, erected monuments that explicitly depicted native people and white people towering over them. literally, a hierarchy of racist depicted. nothing that explicit was erected in kansas city. this kind of imagery focused on the early history of the region of the first trade, interactions between native people and white settlers were quite common. this was originally taken from a map of early west port which was founded in 1812. it considers itself to be the birthplace of what is now the kansas city natural region. west port was the first community in kansas city that wanted to put up a pioneer monument explicitly. they wanted to put up a wagon train to mark this the santa fe trail. so they wanted to put this up in 1912. marking the beginning of the opening of the santa fe trail which op

well in april cummings and his wife drove 260 miles to take their child to a 2nd home in darwin at a time when full lockdown measures were still in place darren police said that trip didn't break the law but a subsequent 60 mile round trip divided cancelled which cummings claims was to test his eyesight before returning to london constituted a minor breach similar breaches by members of the public have resulted in over 15000 fines being issued by police since the lockdown measures came into force. so joining me now is the woman behind the campaign mass a ton of a lot of thank you for joining us what do you hope to achieve with this private prosecution. so the private prosecution aims to allow a public examination of what he had said about there a legit breach and to see whether that falls and sued the government guidelines at the time or darn police said they won't be pursuing further action against dominic cummings what legal arguments do you think you think that you have that they might have missed well as a nation we had his excuse and that we all find it hard to believe that that

we have just been told that libya libya's internationally recognized government it is planning to darwin size its diplomatic representation in the arab league on account of what it calls the double standard policy the league is adopting specially in regard to the libyan crisis now the government in tripoli is also accusing the egyptian regime of for mentoring in fact fueling the conflict by being biased in dealing with the libyan crisis by backing and supporting the warlords really for have for several years now and their foreign ministry at their tripoli base the government is also accusing the arab league of violating its own it did the league's own internal panel by holding this summit without consent of the deliberate government syria's foreign minister has also weighed in saying his country supports a cease fire and also backs the forces loyal to have to. leave me alone the higher today libya is a victim of foreign interference the foremost of which is the turkish aggression that aspires to control its wealth in principle we support the ceasefire and we call for the resumption of th

well of course what we've been seeing in particular since the issue of dominic cummings his trip to darwinthe 260 miles trip that he took public trust in the government is surely now according to. city's reuters institute they've done a poll along with the you've got it says that currently less than half of the public believe that doris johnson and his government have been giving people the correct information about the 90 back in april this figure was over 66 percent so that's a massive drop in public trust with regards to the government's response now to some 30 percent of people think the country's had it in a positive direction that it's all of. a 4 or 4 or 5 percent 35 percent the same thing last month quarter people believe the u.k. is moving in the wrong direction that's up from 15 percent last month so all in all it's showing that people have starting to lose faith in how the government is handling the crisis the government said that perhaps they're not going to be holding any weekend press conferences they'll just be helped during the read that could lead to public this trust and

government and their handling of this crisis was doubly cummings's decision to take that trip to darwin and the consequential lack of any consequences or any punishment for him for doing so in spite of those locked down rules and perhaps an indication across the country that well if the government on supplying the rules for themselves and those at the top aren't doing so that members of the public possibly seeing that in a negative light and not doing so themselves in a way to say how that pans out he said thank you very much well for more on all of this i'm not a joint by economics and development expert dr guy standing to sunny thank you for joining us the government has taken unprecedented measures could really have done more. well actually i'm very disappointed with this report today it says most of the obvious things we know that low income people have suffered more we know many of the things that sure your correspondent has just summarized i don't think that's particularly interesting i found the report's recommendations stream leafy people talking about need for more education an

since the dawn of the cummings controversy of course was the coming say that 260 mile trip up to darwin where the lockdown measures were in place the law strictly in place send mr cummings saying that he's not apologetic for that but there's been an impact in terms of how the public perceives the government public trust in falling significantly in bars johnson and his government currently less than half of the public believe that boris johnson and his government have been giving people the correct in summation about coded 19 in april that figure was 66 percent so massive drop then now just under 30 percent of people think the country is heading in a positive direction that's a full 5 percent from last month while a quarter of people believe the case moving in the wrong direction that it was only 15 percent last month and so for that reason it's still about the way the government handled the dominant cummings control to see it security with members of the public wondering well if it's a cummings isn't keeping to the lockdown why should we that's had an impact on how people put their trus

we have just been told that libya libya's internationally recognized government it is planning to darwin size its diplomatic representation in the arab league on account of what it calls the double standard policy you believe is adopting specially in regard to the libyan next crisis now the government in tripoli is. accusing the egyptian regime of for mentoring in fact fueling the conflict by being biased in dealing with the libyan crisis by backing and supporting the warlords really for have for several years now and their foreign ministry at their tripoli base the government is also accusing the arab league of violating its own it's the league's own internal panel by holding this summit without consent of the libyan government also this is in inter in as the government names it a violation of the security council resolutions because libya's internationally recognized government is the only illegitimate body who presenting libya abroad and now it seems that any peace any peace proposal comes from egypt from the egyptian regime namely is rejected by the tripoli because the government. gi

johnson's chief age dominic cummings could face private legal action over his controversial trip to darwin while lockdown restrictions were in place the action is currently being crowd funded by a law graduate frustration by coming as flouting of the government's own coronavirus guidelines were launched on sunday the fundraiser is seeking 300000 pounds for the case with donations so far at a little under 3000 the money raised will initially fund legal advice on coming straight and if a basis for prosecution is found they will go towards prosecuting him any of the money raised which isn't spent on the prosecution were donated to a charity which helps people with fission problems when april cummings and his wife 260 miles to take their child to a 2nd home in dire as a time when full lockdown measures were still in place darren police said that trip didn't break the law on a subsequent 60 mile round trip to barnard castle which cummings claims was to test his eyesight before returning to london constituted a minor breach similar breaches by members of the public have resulted in over $15000.0

this eternal population of the galÁpagos, darwin's turf, crashes, collapses.t comes back, but more than that, what you see is farmers come in to clear the land to feed the hunters. ranchers come in, they begin to clear the land and to pastor their cattle there and to fence it off. all of this disrupts the environment, in fundamental ways. so those are the first basic things that happen. simply by living there, simply by being there, these mining camps began to fundamentally change the environment that they lived in. what else? what is it about mining itself that has an effect? this was the image that we have, most of us i think, have about what gold mining meant. i'll talk about that to, pan mining. to test those golden a particular stream. this was the gold eroded from the sierra nevada. plaster mining begins this way, and once they can locate a place where there seems to be gold there, then they began to move into slightly more elaborate operations. the first for things like this. i think there was a record at the museum yesterday, what it's doing is essenti

progress of evolution from president washington the president grant was alone evidence enough to upset darwin. indeed, grant had no right to exist. he should have been extinct for ages. >> there you have. it as i say, some of grants contemporary allies defended him. after his death. but in their words i think, they were overwhelmed in from the onslaught of his enemies. when historians in the early 20th century, 100 years ago or more, began to examine grandson ministration, they, i think, pay much more attention to what people like summer and adams and other critics had said then they did to his defenders. i would also submit that there is something more at work in that period and simple intellectual laziness on the part of those historians. the scholarly treatment of the grant administration began in earnest, during the era of jim crow. this is when the nation exhibited abroad acquiescence in the racial settlement that relegated blacks to a perpetual position of legal and political inferiority. this is the era, when the myth of the lost cause took root. this is the era when the confederate sy

i mean, she was reading darwin and go with and other things in school, and she had the ability to play the piano. she studied quite seriously. i wish there were recordings, but there does not seem to. be she had a salon and cincinnati, which was a very culturally rich city in those days. i mean i'm not planning to now, but it was sort -- of they had seven hills, so they thought themselves a sort of the roam of the midwest. >> well, if she was from a political family and how this ambition, no matter how much a product of being just 16 and enthralled with it of getting to the white house, how did she choose will taft as her meet? >> well, a new of each other. it was a small community. it was really after he had gone to yale and came back to be in the cincinnati law school that their lives began to intersect, and they began to court. she was in her mid twenties, which was late for marrying in those days, and he was almost 29 by the time he gets married. but they started going out to some of the beer halls and other things of cincinnati, and gradually fell in love. he was much more smitten