david bennett: in some marginalized populations and in people in jails and prisons, we found we had a big challenge on our hands, and there was a wake up call, a good response, and i think we've now turned the corner, but hopefully, we've learned our lessons, that the fact that we're now seeing a decline in tuberculosis doesn't give us any guarantees for the future. another thing that haunts me is, now, there are other much more common problems such as measles and some of these other ones for which, in the case of measles, we've had a perfectly good intervention now for more than 30 years and have not used it. we're using it more and more now to help reduce it, but there are several other problems. measles, polio, mumps, and chicken pox. the vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood are rarely seen in the industrialized nations of the world because of the immunization programs that exist. david bennett: measles is still a serious disease in many developing countries, especially in africa and in many countries in asia. even in healthy populations, measles will kill on an average of one

david bennett: the impact of h.i.v./aids in africa has been incredible. to lose the young people who are really the productive segment of society, so that you now have grandmothers who are looking after grandchildren because the adults have disappeared. so a tremendous burden. florence mwayopa: these are some of the children that belong to this household. they are being looked after by their great-grandmother. the... grandmother had twelve children she has lost all except for two. as i traveled to other nations in the world, and especially resource-poor areas of the world, one of the things that i'm struck with most is that they are exactly where we were 15 years ago at the very beginning of the epidemic. the first point is that most government officials don't understand what's ready to hit them. one problem that haunts the public health community is how to attack the epidemic as it is spreading through major population areas. there was an international conference on h.i.v./aids in geneva, switzerland, a year ago. the title of the conference was "bridging

david bennett: the diarrheal diseas are usually trsmitted through contaminated food and water. so with poor sanation systems the comnities, poor hygiene in the household, lack of running water, water that has to be stored and can be easily contaminated, lack of refrigeration for keeping foods-- these are all factors that contribute very heavily to the occurrence of diarrheal disease. for the past decade and a half, the carter center has led a worldwide campaign to eradicate two water related diseases: river blindness-- caused by the bite of a blackfly which breeds in rivers and streams, and guinea worm disease. donald hopkins: this is a parasitic infection that people get when they drink contaminated water from open ponds. a year later, worms that are two or three feet long come out of their body. the threadlike worm emerges slowly through a painful blister in the skin. if the worm breaks during its exit from the body, it causes a severe infection. donald hopkins: people are incapacitated, usually temporarily, for periods averaging six to eight weeks. during that time, children