are putting us into about the right area. >> randy kay, cnn, new york. >>> want to bring back david ga gallowjoined by david succi, it is kind of remarkable that they heard these pings for an extended period of time on sunday. and yet there is no debris in sight. >> i'm still confused by that. a couple of theories that are going around in my head is one that it was able to make a successful ditching and that it all sunk together in one piece. >> that it actually landed intact. >> yeah, that would explain where there is no debris. and there was a lot of movement. also the columbia university guy, saying if there is debris it spreads out. you would think it would be easier to found. you saw before they found little tiny pieces of paper and things like that from the sightings. >> david gallow, does it make sense to you that no debris has been found? >> when you get out there it is a big ocean and objects become very, very small. even ships and planes. and you know, i do wonder if the modelers have been looking at this location and forward casting from here to where those objects would have ended

i want to bring back david gallow. and former department department of transportation inspector.ou believe these pings are from black boxes. is there too much evidence for it to be anything else? >> absolutely. without a question in my mind they are. especially since we've gotten it from source we have. the china didn't seem very credible to me because of the equipment they were using and highly possible they were doing some testing on the pinger. i didn't give that a lot of credibility. now we got it from this machine from that pinger locator i'm very confident. >> david, even though the frequency that they heard was slightly different than the normal frequency for these? >> well, yeah. remember that there are 37.5, but even at manufactured they have a tolerance level of one frequency, one kilohertz. so, we got that to think about. in addition as the battery gets lower its potential, has potential for reducing the frequency sound as it relates to the decibels, 160 decibels but as they decrease, they can actually play with the frequency that comes off of it. there's just nothing

i want to bring back david gallow. and former department department of transportation inspector.elieve these pings are from black boxes. is there too much evidence for it to be anything else? >> absolutely. without a question in my mind they are. especially since we've gotten it from source we have. the china didn't seem very credible to me because of the equipment they were using and highly possible they were doing some testing on the pinger. i didn't give that a lot of credibility. now we got it from this machine from that pinger locator i'm very confident. >> david, even though the frequency that they heard was slightly different than the normal frequency for these? >> well, yeah. remember that there are 37.5, but even at manufactured they have a tolerance level of one frequency, one kilohertz. so, we got that to think about. in addition as the battery gets lower its potential, has potential for reducing the frequency sound as it relates to the decibels, 160 decibels but as they decrease, they can actually play with the frequency that comes off of it. there's just nothing in t

joining me now to discuss is david gallow and arthur rosenberg, a pilot and aviation engineer and cnnation analyst michael kay. david, i want to begin with you. this talk of this deadline have you a great success rate what is found in air france after two years. very difficult conditions as well. what is the significance of this going through, saying, we have another week to look at the search area that we have to find, at which point, we are going to rethink if we haven't found anything? >> the logical thing to do. we have a ways to go yet. five to six days and a lot could happen in that time. i think they are halfway through that area. if they fint nothing we have to go back to the pingers and the best evidence we have that this is the resting place of malaysian flight 370. >> if you relook at the pings from the data recorders to make a reassessment -- >> let's make sure we didn't miss it. i know they have been being careful but be sure you don't leave that area until you're positive it's not there. >> arthur, another question for you. there has been frustration from the beginning o

gary tuckman, cnn, san diego. >>> and joining us once again is david gallow, and david soucie.hat is supposedly underneath here, will that interrupt the side scanning sonar? >> that was based on something taken a long time ago from a long way away. i don't think silt will be a problem. we always have to worry a bit about sediment kicking up. but in this case with sonar, i don't think it will be a problem. >> and in this case, a plane hitting the bottom would bring up a lot of silt, but that would settle quickly? it would happen certainly not to the level it would impact the sonar search -- >> and the environment, we talked about this a little during the break. and that's oilthr oulnly half t depth. the environment at these kind of depths under the water, it is a whole other world. >> it is a completely different world that nobody has a concept of. 50% of the ocean is above that. >> you see species down there you don't see anywhere else. >> all sorts of life forms, you don't see underwater rivers -- >> what is an underwater river. >> it is density, water moves because it is dens

with me now to discuss this development we have david gallow, audio expert paul ginsburg and michaelcan start with you. if this search is rebooted after five to seven days, should the malaysian government be in charge? should we look at who is leading this for the next phase? >> great question, jim. i think the independent investigator in charge will remain malaysia but i think they will quickly acquiesce in they need help with this and we have seen five other countries come in under this umbrella. you got the uk, u.s., france, australia, and china. thank you is appropriate because of the capabilities of the ntsb brings the capabilities of the investigation from the uk and australia france and everyone brings something to the party across operations, human factors and medical and worthiness, et cetera. i think malaysia will remain in charge but what we are seeing at the moment is memorandums of understanding and i think that is vital. when we do get some progress on this whether it be finding the black boxes we need to make sure that they get to the right people with the best capabil

i read in the "washington post" last week a quote from david gallow who's a director of special projects woods hole oceangraphic institute. it was such a profound statement. i have to say i did lose a little bit of heart in this whole process of finding this ship. direct quote. the ocean can do a lot of things with sound. for instance, if you know how to use thermal layers in the ocean, you can hide a nuclear submarine from some of the most powerful sonar. could you put that in perspective when we're talking about teeny tiny microphones looking for teeny tiny black boxes. >> they create walls. sound can baounce off it and no make it through it. put a sub right above or below one of those, and they're shooting sound to find a sub they can bounce off the therm aa thermales and not see the sub. >> if the toe pinger locater is being towed behind the vessels in question, they have to be exactly in the right thermal layer in order to detect something? >> more or less. there's one layer that travels the whole ocean from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. it goes up and down. it's a deep sound channel that so

with us now cnn aviation correspondent richard quest, analyst miles o'brien, and cnn an looalyst david gallow is on phone with us. at the director of special projects at woods hole oceanic institution. what do you make about these pulses the chinese state media is reporting about. we sort of learned not to really get our hopes up, but this is something of particular interest, right? >> well, yeah. i think we're all a bit guarded about getting our hopes up too much, but so far the information that we have fits the skrig description of what we would expect. even the bit about them coming and going because it's fairly deep water. the water depth is between 2,000 meters, that's about a mile -- a little under a mile and a half to about three miles. so i could see it would be easy to hear the pinger and then lose it for a bit but we'll have to wait and see. >> okay. so the fact that it wasn't completely continuous you're saying that that doesn't necessarily mean something. richard, when you look at these latest developments, what are you thinking? >> well, it's like everything else involved in this

david gallow, cnn aviation correspondent, richard quest. cnn aviation analyst peter g ghouls.with you about this hydrophone. is it possible this hydrophone which appears to have been dipped in the water at the surface could have picked up the ping from a black box thousands of feet below the surface? >> yeah, hi, victor. it's not impossible, let's put it that way. i had a chat with the representative of the company that builds them and they're looking at it very carefully because they're interested in knowing how likely it is. one of the things we will have to wait and see, but it's not impossible. it's unlikely, yes. impossible, no. >> david, we know the first signal they heard was only for a few seconds. the second was for at least a minute and a half. is a minute and a half enough time to distinguish for certain at 37.5 kilohertz they would need to detect for analysts to determine it would be correct? >> hi, christi, depending on which kind of recorder and what they're using, long enough, but hard to know exactly what they had. again, one of these things where we will have

searching for anything but 800 meters of water, it's a complex undertaking and now we are joined by david gallow explorer and he joins us from boston. thank you, ir is, for talking with us. this has been incredible the details that we have been receiving, as we keep laboring, authorities there in australia and of course the globe are not willing to take it further than saying they received and detected these signals. >> right, right, just like you know, it does not make it much easier. you know, it is fantastic. we can be a tiny bit more than cautious. >> and how difficulty will this next part of the operation be a as they try to actually locate the black boxes and indeed the aircraft if that is what it is. >> the next strategy will be to try to use the pinger locater. the challenge is that they are close is the operating distance. it's going to be interesting to see you know, what kind of depths they come up with. but the operating depth is 4500 meters. it was 3800 meters and it would be deeper than titaniitanic. it's deep for a wreck. >> what about the submarines, they are assets here, are the

this is from david gallow with the woods hole oceanographic institute. he said this.he oceans can do a lot of things with sound. for instance, if you know how to use thermal layers in the ocean, you can hide a nuclear submarine from some of the most powerful sonar. so for my panel, should we believe that the chinese reports of these possible audio contacts? that's perfect for you, mr. audio expert paul ginsburg. >> well, it's true that we have many different levels of distortion that can result from different depth, pressures, currents, obstructs, topography. and so i don't know that it would hide completely the pinging, but it certainly would make it easier, more difficult to pinpoint, that's for sure. >> but colleen keller, you said it could be anything. in the last segment you said i hate to say it, don, but it could be anything. but at least it's something right now. and we've had nothing for so long. >> no, i agree. i'm thrilled that we're getting some detections. and i'm hoping one of them pans out. i mean, it could be that the crew of the ship that makes this d

joining us now from boston is cnn analyst david gallow. earch for air france flight 447 and is currently director of special projects. david, i great to see you again. >> hi, kate. likewise. >> of course. i want -- we need to lean heavily on your expertise this morning. i want to start with what we know and a little bit about what we don't know and get your take on it. we know a ping was detected that they kept the -- they detected it for over two hours but since then, when they've gone back, they have not been able to reconnect. is that a bad sign in your experience? >> no, given -- well, this whole thing for the past month, this whole mystery, we've had ups and downs and we go from optimistic to cautiously optimistic. i guess that's what we are now. i don't take it as bad sign, it's a normal progression. i think we've gotten used to dealing with things like this. >> i guess so. they have narrowed the search area. the last time you and i spoke, that was probably the most important thing that needed to happen, was that they narrowed this do

projects at woods hole oce oceanographic institution, dave gallow and former inspector general at the u.s. department of transportation, mary schiavo. davidme your take. we talked about it a little bit yesterday after we were all sit on the information coming out from georesonance. do you believe it? is it possible still? >> you know, i don't want to say it's impossible because i've seen enough things in oceanography over the years that i thought wouldn't happen that did that weren't possible but i think it's improbable. i just don't know. you're dealing with the physics of sea water. i don't want to say they're not seeing what they claim to be seeing but it deserves to be checked out. >> where is the -- where are your reasons for concern? every theory we have, mary, has a big gaping hole in it. hence, why we don't have one prevailing theory it seems we talk about though we know exactly where we do want to be searching around the pings. where are your concerns in this theory can georesonance? >> my concern with the georesonance theory is it's not a tried and true method to find a plane. we haven't really used it in finding planes after ai