there was a young reporter working for the nashville tennesseean who covered the movement named david halberstam who later went on and became the reporter for the--for the new york times. there was john siegenthaler. there was just a cadre of unbelievable people that i got to know in nashville in the media. but, also, i met w.e.b. dubois one day on the campus of fisk university. he was walking across the campus, and i met him. and we passed by, and then i went back and i was introduced to him. c-span: you mentioned john siegenthaler. he pops up in all these books on the civil rights movement as a f--person that was in and out of the scene. and in one case in your book, he got clobbered on the head with a pipe. >> guest: he was beaten. c-span: what was his role? >> guest: well, h--i--in 1961, he was president kennedy's personal representative to try to negotiate a--a--a--a truce, an agreement, with the governor of alabama to get us out of birmingham to montgomery and to get assurance from the governor of alabama and the state official that they would protect the freedom riders. so john siegenthal