when you get into the history of austerity in your book you go all the way back to john locke and david hume and you get into some pretty interesting detail about the philosophy behind it. yes you know the basic insight here is an argument you've heard before and it goes something like this bog of the foundation of kabul isn't what john locke and his guys were doing the english revolution and then a hundred years later when adam smith and his friends were consolidating and writing about what a wonderful system it is you basically have a bet of going to duplicity going on which is the markets spring forth from the ground no they don't they're made by states as much as they're made by on two printers and kabul is in fact is the topless with the state now they want the state to protect their property rights but also it to give them the lion's share of the profits any state that's probable enough to do that can actually take away your profits so you have this love hate relationship with the state now the big problem how do you pay for something powerful enough to protect you well the government

the productive economy suffers and we all end up in hock to china that was a little early david hume's arguments you see nothing much has changed in three hundred years well i actually have a quote by david hume widely and it's about debt that i'd like to read to you and get your reaction to it goes it is very tempting to minister to employ such an expedient as it enables him to make a great figure during his administration without overburdening the people with taxes now this practice will therefore almost infallibly be abused in every government and he was absolutely correct we have a problem with the problems not i got nomics us politics no one in two thousand and six in the us senate stand up and stood up and said hey we're making money hand over first everyone's house has become an a.t.m. let's take some of that money and pay that for the rainy day we decided to have let's have more spending and more tax cuts so he'll has a point there but way to falls apart is the following everyone tries to pay but that all at once all you do is shrink everyone's income stream and you end up with

francis bacon, john locke, david hume, among others had proposed a new way of doing science, one that allowed for not just the elites, but the petty merchant, the craftsman, even unskilled or untrained labor to contribute something meaningful science. it really was -- in american conditions really did not have an entrenched system of ruling elites. we had a lease bar who came across the ocean with the early colonists, but it was much more fluid within the social system. and so, as a result, there were quick demands from the bottom of for education and education that was truly useful. so, if the american rebellion was at heart a knowledge revolution, as i argue, then who were the revolutionaries? let's take a look at some of the leading figures in the early american movement for useful knowledge, all of whom appear as important characters in my book. cam sorry. i have the wrong one here. there we go. and benjamin franklin. yes, of course, we will talk about him in a few minutes and his role of head and breaking through and knowledge barrier of before that i want to introduce a few othe

springboarding from the ideas of the sinkers of the scottish enlightenment which included david hume and adam smith, the founders theorized that in a new nation manners could be more important than laws. and they counted on the women of the ruling classes to secure the nation through manners. and that's the context within which we can understand the work of these first ladies and we can talk more about that context later, if you wish. but let's situate dolley in a time frame. thomas jefferson won the election of 1800 over john adams, and brought james and dolley madison to the new capital city in 1801 so that james could be his secretary of state. it is not accurate to say that dolley served jefferson as his first lady. his plan was to limit society in washington and to keep women out of it. in spite of, or perhaps because. , jefferson's policy, the madison's house on f street became the social and political center of the city and the government. so when the madisons came to the executive mansion in 1809, dolley had been building her bases and her network for eight years. and that's

springboarding from the ideas of the sinkers of the scottish enlightenment which included david hume and adam smith, the founders theorized that in a new nation manners could be more important than laws. and they counted on the women of the ruling classes to secure the nation through manners. and that's the context within which we can understand the work of these first ladies and we can talk more about that context later, if you wish. but let's situate dolley in a time frame. thomas jefferson won the election of 1800 over john adams, and brought james and dolly madison to the new capital city in 1801 so that james could be his secretary of state. it is not accurate to say that dolley served jefferson as his first lady. his plan was to limit society in washington and to keep women out of it. in spite of, or perhaps because of jefferson's policy, the madison's house on f street became the social and political center of the city and the government. so when the madisons came to the executive mansion in 1809, dolly had been building her bases and her network for eight years. and that's a