[applause] >> david stokes on the murder trial of reverend j. frank norris. for more information about the book, visit theshootingsalvationist.com. >> around the '90s and the first decade of this century, this other paradigm emerged for how to create a chatbot which was, basically, to turn it loose onto the internet and have it simply observe what people say to it. so you can almost imagine, like, this martian landing on the earth, and someone comes up to it and says, hi. and the martian pulls out this giant ro lo deck and says, humans often begin can conversations by saying, "hi." interesting. [laughter] and then the martian walks down the street and comes up to someone and says, "hi," and then that person says, "hey, what's up?" it goes, humans often go, hey, what's up, when you say hi. and in this very pain staking process but over the course of, in many cases, decades of just hanging out online waiting for people to, you know, cross its path and talk to it, it builds this massive database of real stuff that people say. and you find when you interact with