joining us live is uc berkeley political science professor emeritus david vogel. professor vogel, thank you for your time. before we explore if it is really over, what is the california effect? when did it begin? >> it began in the 1970's. in california effect is basically what happens when california initiates a new policy, such as automobile emissions, efficiency, renewable energy. chemical safety in calif when they see how well it works in california. for many been believing in the cutting-edge. the very important consumer and environmental policy for the states or in washington began in california. with the creation of in the 1860's, the first national park the united states. a long history. >> is it mainly in the consumer protection and safety area? are we seeing it in terms of values and culture? i'm thinking of gay marriage for example. >> gay marriage is a good example. most people in the environmental area. some of it in social areas varies. historically, the most important has been in health safety, conservation, coastal protection, things like that. the