with her expertise in microbiology from the university of washington, deborah fuller joins us.say good morning to all of you. i have to go back to our history. if we go back to the perfect child killer diphtheria, it was 1910. improvement in 1920. 30 years out to the advent of world war ii, where we finally figured out how to eliminate diphtheria. should we be using that timeline with this horrific pathogen? dr. fuller: we have an accelerated timeline compared to that. otherwise we will be fighting this virus for decades because, as we are seeing in india, this tinderbox of insufficient vaccines and returning restrictions, and you have the emergence of new variants. it is a cycle, it is a playbook we will see over and over again unless we can get on top of it quickly. tom: du, looking at bacteria and virology, just assume that within the joy and excitement of two vaccinations, we will have a regime of covid based vaccinations out two years and five years and forever? dr. fuller: we might. viruses are a bit different from bacteria in the rate they can undergo rapid mutation to r