[laughter] >> host: deborah perry piscione, how did silicon valley develop? >> guest: that is such a fantastic story because it's a vast story, and not one person owns that story. so when i was researching for this book and people would find out i was working on this book, people would say do you go back to the 1950s when that's really the electronics industry and semiconductors really started to evolve. but i go all the way back in looking at the efforts of leland stanford who was the founder of stanford university and the commitment he made in recognizing that students needed to have direct usefulness in life. and he felt that science was the vanguard. and it was something that was ignored by east coast universities. so he was looking to build something very different. but on top of that what leland stanford did was he made sure there was connectivity between stanford and the surrounding industry -- the very little that there was at that time -- in addition to professors getting involved in civil, civic engagements as well. be on the board of planning commi

. >> host: the name of the book, "secrets of silicon valley," the author, deborah perry piscione. you write that silicon valley is its own unique ecosystem. what do you mean by thatsome. >> guest: well, you know, it's a very distinctive culture that is based on collaboration, cooperation and