deborah temkin understands this issue firsthand.er experience being bullied as a child led her to pursue a career studying its prevention. she joins me today along with a remarkable group of scientists. charles nelson of harvard medical school. kimberly noble of columbia univsersity. ken dodge of duke university. michael meaney of mcgill univerestiy. and, once again, my co-host and my friend, dr. eric kandel. as all of you now know, he is a nobel laureate, a professor at columbia university, and a howard hughes medical investigator. thank you for coming. so what are we going to do today? dr. kandel: well, outline -- charlie: what do we explore? dr. kandel: you outlined it so well, and the last program, we considered competitive sports among young people, and we realized, of course, that in competitive athletics, kids fall down or get pushed down, and sometimes, they suffer concussions as a result of this, in which the brain bashes up against the rigid skull, potentially causing damage to the brain. today, we are going to see the ast

charlie: and deborah temkin, her career in bullying prevention was -- i think inspired is the right wordconnected to your own experiences. ms. temkin: first, i think it is important to define what we are talking about. bullying is not simply conflict between kids. it is not simply teasing or pushing and shoving on the playground. it is, as ken described, and abusive relationship between kids. there is some debate as to the precise definition, but the centers of disease control and prevention released a uniform saysition in 2014 that broadly, that bullying is repeated aggressive behavior between school-age youth in the context of power balance. that could be anything with differences in size or strength or popularity -- and that behavior is repeated or has a potential to be repeated over time. my story really illustrates each of these components, even though it is far from unique. when i was a middle school student, i was perhaps a little bit geeky, perhaps a little bit nerdy. i probably still am to this day, peers an adolescent, when acceptance is a key behavioral driver, being a little

deborah temkin understands this issue firsthand.

deborah temkin understands this issue first hand. her experience being bullied as a child led her to pursue a career studying its prevention. she joins me today along with the remarkable group of scientists, charles nelson of harvard medical school, kimberly noble kimberly noble of university of columbia. ken dodge of duke university, michael meaney of mcgill university. and eric kandel, nobel laureate, professor at university of columbia and howard hughes medical investigator. thank you for coming. what are we going to do today? >> you outlined it well in. the last program we considered competitive sports among young people and realized, of course, competitive athletics, kids fall down, get pushed down and sometimes suffer concussions as a result of this in which the brain bashes up the rigid skull potentially causing damage to the brain. today we'll see the astonishing fact that you refer to that you can get similar in some cases more severe damage to the brain without altering the position of the brain in the skull, the result of

deborah temkin understands this issue firsthand.