he always thought about of dunn deng xiaoping who might learn the lessons. e some of the people were in prison, deng was sent off and hope was that he would come back and work for the good of the country and help the place grow. well, deng xiaoping when he came back in august of 1977 one of the first things he did was to open the universities and require entrance examinations. the universities had been closed from 1966 at the begins of the revolution, and deng felt that for the country to progress of all the modernizations in the screenings, agricultural, national defense, schedule, technology, education. seasons, technology, and education was the most important. he wanted students to come back to universities. in order do that, he wanted to have entrance examinations. under mao considerations were important in to getting in universities and [inaudible] deng felt that in 1977, there were no longer any landlord they had been wiped out early in the 1950s. the other people had been wiped out. therefore, the country could go strictly by merit, and so entrance exa

deng xiaoping had the responsibility of dealing with practical issues. another thing that shaped deng that was important in achieving deng was the great record. in 1959 when the great leap forward was really devastating the countryside people were starting in large numbers, and the latest estimates are that perhaps 40 or 50 million people were died prematurely during the great leap forward because of the famine that was caused by the excessive zeal that wasn't based on realities mao had never been a broad but deng had been abroad and had a much better understanding of what was going on. now, let me. and he was still pursuing the evolution to the end he wanted to shake up the country and to have people attack those who were going and what was called the capitalist road who were free and independent. so most of the senior leaders of the party were criticized and purged by mao's doing. so, one of the first things he did when he came back after being purged again by now come in 1975, one of the first things he did was to start working on education. he took ov

. >> because the idea of reform and opening was not yet an idea to deng xiaoping. and was criticized, joe's mouth to be his successor, who turned out not to be rude a great strong leader, was in favor of a lot of this reform. and a lot of the senior officials were in favor of a lot of those reforms. to some extent, he did have a very long time perspective. i don't know whether visionary is the right word, but when you thought about hong kong, he said for 50 years they can keep the present system. if you asked obama what he plans to do for the next 50 years for his country, that would hardly be a serious question. i mean, no american leader, nina, four years is long term. and think to the end of their term to the next election. so i think he did have a long-term perspective. at the same time he was experimental. and he didn't have fixed notion. and he was across the river for groping first dose. again, that term was somehow attributed but it was a unique and. he didn't invent the term. he used the term, use the ideas that he was a manager who put it all together and

the chinese ambassador introduced me to one of these businessmen who had come in 1979% gain from deng xiaoping and sent these people in these people and he said i came in the 70s we went to bed pakistan. he said that vicious hasn't changed. so that relative deterioration of their position because of the number of fat areas has led to an inward looking mess that cripples pakistan's ability to move forward. so we should do all we can quietly in a measured way to help pakistan to reach out to neighbors such as india. it's crucial to see whether there is common ground between the united states and china enemy become a ground between the united states and china and pakistan. when you attack to me about their priorities come it sounded pretty close to ours, investment and keeping a lid on islamic fundamentalists. that sounds like a set of common goals. can we work with other people? this is not just a question that the americans. it is other pakistan is able to reach us at the country. i would argue one of the greatest things that's happened in the last two years is that unless i read them correctly

[applause] >>> because the idea of reform and opening was not unique to deng xiaoping and now chose tosuccessor who turned out not to be really a great and strong leader was in favor of a lot of this reform, and a lot of the senior officials were in favor of the reforms. to some extent you have a very long time perspective but when you thought about hong kong use it if you keep the present system, if you ask obama what do you plan to do for the next 50 years for this country there would hardly be a serious question. no american leader -- for years is long term. think from the end of your turn to the next election so he did have a long-term perspective and at the same time he was experimental and he didn't have the fixed notions and used the expression crossed the river by groping for stones. that term was attributed that he it wasn't unique to him. he didn't invent the term. he had used the ideas and he put it all together and provided the direction that made it happen. >>> you are watching book tv on c-span2 and we are on location in new york city at the annual book publishing industr

deng xiaoping but even over there now, when they pull up the posters they shorten it to cgc it looks like kfc. it looks like they're promoting fried chicken. .. >> a lot of sun xiu quotes in here, and they are included at no extra charge. [laughter] i came across a fascinating term, actually, in a book by henry kissinger who chose a slightly less frisky title than mine. [laughter] if you're henry kissinger, you can just call your book "on china." [laughter] they'll buy it. i have to dance like a french poodle on mine, you know? "they eat puppies, don't they?" but sun xiu coined this interesting term called shi. it's spelled s-h-i, and it's tricky to translate, but it means roughly the art of understanding matters in flux. so there is -- and shi happens. [laughter] get it? indeed, i am -- there is a lot of shi in this book, and the author is, indeed, full of shi. [laughter] so why don't i sort of leave it there. i would tell you more about the book, but then you would, you would -- what incentive would you have? [laughter] and i think, mike, we should mention the new study that just c

[applause] >> because the idea of reform and opening was yet not unique to deng xiaoping and who criticized successor who was chose p to -- chose to be the success sore, not a strong leader, was in favor of the reforms, and a lot of the senior officials were in favor of the reforms. to some extent, he had a very long time perspective. whether "visionary's" the right word, but when he thought about hong kong he said for 50 years they can keep the present system. if you ask obama, you know, what do you plan to do in the next 50 years for the country, that's hardly a serious question. i mean, no american leader can, you know, four years is long term. [laughter] to think to the end of the term until the next election, and so i think he did have a long term perspective. at the same time, he was experimental, and he didn't have fixed notions, and he used the expression "cross the river by groping for stones," and, again, that term was attributed to deng, but it was not unique to him. he used the terms. he used the ideas. he was the manager who put it together and provided the direction with the f