this is a scale model of the city of londonderry i'm back at the department of aeronautics in imperialon with professor peter. why do designers and architects need to be concerned about the strength of the wind when they are looking at new buildings? a number of reasons. one is the wind going to destroy the building, have i needed strong enough? the point of these quite complex models that you see here is to look at what effect the building will have on the local wind environment at street level. is it going to make pedestrians very uncomfortable ? what we are doing in this tunnel is simulating the characteristics of the natural wind and so, the energy in the wind increases with height so the height hitting the top of a tall, neutral building is going to be stronger than it is at lower levels. and also, it can avert some of that wind down to ground level. you have ramped up the wind, it's feeling stronger, you wouldn't normally use smoke, though, would you? we wouldn't normally and we wouldn't normally be kneeling in front of the model. you and i have become high rise buildings. we hav

here at imperial college london at the department of aeronautics they have two wind tunnels which they'm joined by professor peter, an emiratus professor here, explain what you do. a professor of experimental aerodynamics. this is a very large wind tunnel which we flow around road vehicles, we look at wind energy devices, turbines, how efficient they are and we look at flow around buildings including looking at the comfort around buildings for pedestrians, it's a little loud, you mention you use these to test the effects on things like vehicles, and built up areas. yes, investigating the wind environment and how it is modified when a new building is planned to be put up. it is much better for an architect or consulting engineer to know at this stage, the early—stage, what changes might need to be made to improve pedestrian comfort. later in the programme we'll come back and talk more about the impacts of wind on built up areas and high buildings. peter and i are taking a drive around the wind farm. you can get a sense of the scale, how massive this wind farm is. how long has it been in

i'm back at the department of aeronautics in imperial college london with professor peter beardman. he wind going to destroy the building, have they made it strong enough? but the point of these quite complex models that you see here is to look at what effect the building will have on the local wind environment at street level. is it going to make pedestrians very uncomfortable? are they going to be blown over? what we're doing in this tunnel is simulating the characteristics of the natural wind, and so the energy in the wind increases with height, so the height hitting the top of a tall, neutral building is going to be stronger than it is at lower levels. and, also, it can divert some of that wind down to ground level. we have ramped up the wind, it's feeling stronger. you wouldn't normally use smoke, though, would you? no, we wouldn't normally use smoke, and we wouldn't normally be kneeling in front of the model, because we're producing a lot of our own gusts here. you and i have become high—rise buildings. we have. it's not recommended. how do you then monitor the strength of the

here at imperial college london, at the department of aeronautics, they have two wind tunnels which theyy. i'm joined by professor peter berman, emeritus professor here. he's a professor of aerodynamics. spinaljaidee your. this is a very large low—speed wind tunnel. you can look at wind energy devices, turbines and how efficient they are. we can look at buildings, including looking at the comfort around buildings for pedestrians, cyclists, with the effect of the wind. it's a little loud. you mentioned use the facilities to test things like vehicles, but also because the impacts of wind on built—up areas and i buildings yes. it is modified... a new building is planned to be put up. it is much better for the architect or consulting engineer to know at this stage, the early stage, what change might need to be made to improve pedestrian comfort. later in the programme, we'll come back and talk more about the impact of wind on built—up areas and high buildings. peter and i are taking a drive around the wind farm now. you can get a real sense of the scale of how massive this wind farm is. pete

department of defense. russ vought deputy director of the office of management. susan gordon rentable deputy director of national intelligence. karen dunn kelley acting deputy secondary the department of commerce. jim bridenstine administrator of the national aeronautics and space and ministration. general paul selva vice- chairman of the vice joint chiefs of staff. michael deputy assistant. deputy assistant to the president at home with him security -- homeland security. deputy assistant to the president and director of emerging technologies for the national security council. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen please welcome the 16th president of the national defense university vice admiral fritz roegge. [applause] >> well mr. vice president and members of the national space council, distinguished guests and ladies and gentlemen, good morning and welcome to roosevelt hall and the national defense university. i am honored to welcome you to our campus reeducate and develop national security leaders for the military services, u.s. departments and agencies, industry partners and for our international friends, partners and allies. this is a university of the chairman of the joints -- joint chief of staff. we are a graduate school task to transform midcare

department of defense in space research. the defense department would still be involved in some things involved in space that were primarily military, but the bulk of the program was to be run by the national aeronautics and space agency. later, congress changed it to administration. that is how it got started. it was not as easy as you would think in congress. sorting out who was in charge of what and the primary goals was interesting. i found this memo in the archives. it is a memo to president eisenhower from may of 1958. nasaresident had directed be given responsibility for all programs except those peculiar to or primarily associated with military weapons systems or operations. this memo was from his staff saying the d.o.d. is not doing what you told them to do. they are trying to take over the whole thing. the lines between military intelligence and scientific them's are blurry at times. the president put his foot down and said he will not get away with it. he parts were handed over -- key parts were handed over to nasa. propulsion laboratory part of the army at the time. and that got handed over to nasa as well. this key decision in the spring of 1958 had big impacts. nasa haslian agency, in so