how do we know that those commas are devoto's? well, if you take a text that he's done this to and compare it to the way he publishes it, you can see that the commas have all disappeared. qed. so here we have mark twain writing, here we have devoto writing. it's one of the great achievements of these editors that they figured out how to distinguish between all of the markings on this document. here's just a simple example that has maybe five different handwritings on it. all of the pencil markings, commas, hyphens, stuff like that -- here's payne -- they're all by payne. they also have payne's typesetter. this is payne numbering the printer's copy. this is partnership adding new york. this is actually someone we don't know. and here's mark twain. not for mm c.. what does that mean? it means not sr. s.s. mcclure who is thinking about serializing it. he even corrects some of the things the stenographer gets wrong. for instance, down here the stenographer has written in the effect, nonexistent and unfeasible. clearly, that is not wha