dewey. it was never more apparent, more dramatic than that night when everett dirkson wagged his finger at dewey and said "you took us down the road of defeat twice." dewey had the revenge because the next night he was able to announce 87 of 92 new york delegates for eisenhower. and finally yes, he was more responsible than anyone else for richard nixon being on the ticket. he spotted him as a talent in 1948. he brought him to new york to speak at the annual dinner of the republican party which was a tryout. when nixon finished, he sat down, dewey took the cigarette holder out of his mouth, he said "make me a promise, don't get fat, don't get lazy and someday you can be president." >> we'll go back to those moments later on in the show and we'll talk more about thomas e. dewey's legacy and his unsuccessful run for the white house but let's hear from michelle from kansas city, missouri. >> caller: did the dewey campaign exploit truman's ties to the pendergast organization in kansas city? beca

dewey. and author of many books. so richard norton smith, it's november 2nd, 1948, at the roosevelt hotel. what happens here? >> well, the day began with virtual unanimity in the nation's press corps. that this election was over. that it was dewey's to lose. there were pollsters who stopped polling after labor day. they were so convinced there was no contest, really. governor and mrs. dewey went to vote at midday, not too far from here, were cheered all the way along. he got out of his car, decided to walk back to the hotel. reporters thought that was a good sign. the new dewey, they said, the warmer more personal dewey that people had seen on the trail in 1948. they had an election night tradition of having dinner with their dear friends, the the strausses. roger strauss, who was a publisher. and the family went to the strauss' for an early dinner. and while they were there, some disturbing returns came in from connecticut in particular. and dewey of course as gang buster had relied upon ac

. ♪ >> thomas dewey was nominated for president a second time in 1948.ow on american history tv, a film from the republican national committee telling the story of his political life. ♪ ♪ >> thomas e. dewey's public career was launched in 1931 when crime was a national scandal. four years later early in mayor laguardia's term, dewey was appointed special prosecutor by the governor to warn unorganized crime in new york. >> mr. dewey, you have been given the most difficult task, the opportunity of helping the people of this city. what can we do to help you? >> there is a detective in new york, mr. mayor, who i think is one of the best detectives in the united states. i'd like to have him head my squad of detectives. >> from the beginning, dewey faced an almost hopeless job, clearing out gangsters and racketeers, and the hope around the city had been tightening for years around the rule. >> you've been loading information again and you will keep out of our territory or not? >> i'm not. ♪ ♪ >> but i don't need any protection. ♪ ♪ >> dewey began his attack on

dewey. >> so how are republicans viewing the truman administration at this point heading into 48? >> it's a great question. the problem is there's no such thing as the republicans, and that was part of dewey's problem. the republican party then much more than i was evenly split -- establishment, the old teddy roosevelt wing of the. party charles evans hughes who was profiled earlier in the series was very much in that tradition. top dewy represented that in the thirties and forties. and into the fifties. then eisenhower handed dewey the baton. opposed to that where the conservative midwesterners, many of them isolationist's rolling around bomb, cast the son of former president taft, who with dr had precipitated the split. that never healed. so in 1946 what to congress, it was the conservatives who became the face of the party. then on the other hand, you had people like dewey, many of the governors for example who are much less hostile to the media. much more willing to work with this proces

dewey one of the confidence of the people of new york. the elections of 1946 returned him to a second term, by the largest majority in the states history. to a large degree, his administrative successes due to his ability to surround himself with capable advisers, and to rely on teamwork, and full given take insulting the states problems. >> but i think would generally agree down, it what the fact, ours and what the problems ought to be, what i propose is this. the >> governor of the empire state has also shown that he can work successfully will a legislative body. during his six years in the state, his teamwork has produced many forward-looking laws. war veterans, the constructive program has worked out, providing convalescence suburbs, personal help, and housing for more than 60,000 soldiers. tom dewey has earned the respect of both labor and management, and it has helped establish a favor incline meant for industrial relations and has brought new york one of the lowest track records of any industrial state. at cornwall university, stat

(music) thomas dewey's public career was launched in 1931 when crime was a national scandal. four years later, dewey was appointed special prosecutor by the governor to war on organized crime in new york. >> mr. dewy, you have been given a terrible task. but the opportunity to help people at the city, what can we do to help you? >> as a detective in new york, mister mayor, i think one of the best detectives in the united states, i'd like to have this man had my squat of the tech tips. >> from the beginning, he faced almost a hopeless, job clearing out gangsters and racketeers in a city that had been tightening for years in the rules. >> are you gonna load information, again? >> for the last time, i'm gonna keep it on my territory, or not? >> i'm not. >> >> i don't need any protection. (music) >> his small head big staff began singling out single records and getting them to talk. after a long months of hard patient, dangerous work, do we had collected enough evidence to move in on the city's leading racketeers. out of the 73 endowed payments he secured against criminals, dewey

tom dewey, tom dewey in the negative. now we haven't talked much about thomas dewey.ey was the governor of new york. a pretty popular guy. he had been the nominee of the republican party in 1944. he had led on the first three ballots in 1940 before losing to wendell willkie. quite remarkable because this year, 1948, he's only 46 years old. that's about the age obama was. three years older than jack kennedy was. he's a young man. and he's men on the verge of power and national notoriety even before that 1940. what is he in 1940? he's an exdistrict attorney. he's not even govern. he was the district attorney of manhattan. he was mr. district attorney, crime-buster. the guy who went after the mob, put them in jail, went off the wall street guys, put them in jail. he did it all. he was spectacular as a district attorney. but as governor he begins to trim his sales. he's looking at the polls and as a candidate it's the same way. even though he's the purported front-runner, he's not particularly loved. but in this debate, he is the former district attorney. he's a great pro

dewey when is it. but he could still be stopped at the convention, because -- because he doesn't have the votes, he doesn't have the low, but he knows how to make deals. and he makes a deal with the governor of pennsylvania, to push him over the top, and he was denomination. at that point, he is faced with a choice. who do i make my vice presidential candidate? it's a guy he wanted to pop on the tip for years before, and one of the guys you heard before, earl warren, governor of california. and this is one of the other cases where you look at -- there is his big liberal wing of the republican party and their. dewey, stasson, warren, he might be the most liberal of all of them, warren doesn't want to do it. he didn't want to do it in 1944, he didn't do it in 48, but he's finally thinking you know if i keep turning these people down they're gonna stop asking me to dance. if i want anything ever again, this could be it. so i better take it. so with great reluctance he becomes the dewey warning ticket. whi

tom dewey. in the negative. now we have not talked much about thomas dewey. he was the governor of new york. quite remarkable because this year he is only 46 years old. that is about the age that obama was. that is only three years older than jack kennedy. he is a young man. he is an ex -district attorney. he was a crime buster. the guy that went after the mob, put them in jail, went after the wall street guys, put them in jail, he did it all, he was speck t spectacular. he is looking at the polls, as a candidate it is the same way. he is the purported front runner, and the front runner in terms of delegates at this point, he is snot particularly loved in the party or among the population. but in this debate, he is the former district attorney. he is a great prosecutor, great with a jury. and dewey cleans his clock. stacin is left a pleading on the floor. dewey wins it, but he could still be stopped at the convention because he doesn't have the votes or the love, and he knows how to make a deal. he makes the deal to push him over the top and he wins the nomin

he was the only child of george martin dewey. local residents today like to point to the school where he got his education. in a near by church, tom was a member of the choir. in the same neighborhood where he grew up, his mother still lives today and she is proud of herson and his achievements. >> yes, i think all of the town is happy over his success. he always was a worker. when he worked he worked hard. when he played he played heard, and i do know he would always have the best interest of our country at heart. >> today he is governor of the most populous state. and live the kind of simple family life that so many millions of americans know and love. at home he likes to take whatever time he can to e spend time with his two boys. >> while not posing as a working farmer himself, he has a wide knowledge of add culture, understands farm problems, and enjoys discussing them with his neighbors. pohl try and dairy farming are major enterprises in new york state and he has taken vigorous action to his farmers to fight and improve li

and dewey ran what i call a light path campaign. he very seldom invoked controversial points of view. he tried to just smoothly run through the fall election, the campaign, and not upset anybody or not take any controversial views or positions. whereas harry truman ran a very aggressive campaign, and truman was recognized as being behind in the polls pick a fact one poster elmo roper, one of the early figures in public opinion research, announced 72 years ago today after september 9, 1948, that he was so certain that thomas do is going to win the election that he was no longer going to be reporting poll results. he would take polls but it just wouldn't report the results because he didn't think it would add too much to the understanding of the race in 1940. that was emblematic of the conference, supreme confidence pollsters had in the outcome of the naked break election. harry truman won by 4.5 percentage point. as election as election one of the comics said it was the first time, truman was the first candidate to lose in a gallup b

the nomination of new york governor dewey was conceived almost before the convention opened.gressman martin, permanent chair of the convention, chatted with former governor lent, and he was a 1936 republican nominee for president. when the wilkie was the 1940s standard bearer. all chicago has seen many a political convention, not since abraham woken was an election year happen to fall in new york time. but the war has not established the process of democracy, 1057 delegates represent the nation's 48 states, 529 votes are needed to dominate a candidate. every detail of the sessions is broadcast by radio, and by newspapers from coast to coast. batteries of cameramen sending pictures all over the world. well know gathering is more color for than the american political convention. national chairman spangler, calls a meeting to order. he introduces governor warren, of california, to deliver the keynote address. the republican party has pledged to full international cooperation, and before the water, and for the peace. in the governor's mansion, in albany, new york, 42-year-old tho

dewey wait for word from chicago.porters nominated him on the first ballot as the next republican candidate for president. and liberated room -- rome, city of two and a half million inhabitants, a new coalition cabinet made up of italy's six non-fascist political parties. new york's colonel charles bloody has allied commissioner of rome has pledged the first thing i want to do is to make a real effort to get the fascists out. signs will claim a massive thanksgiving for the allied victory. man of the fifth army are forced to attend religious services. general clark, fifth army commander, is greeted by the clergy as he leads to join his forces fighting in the north. in the white house at washington, president roosevelt approves legislation to provide for america's war veterans in the piece to come. by law, federal loans, free schooling, job insurance and complete rehabilitation are among the benefits assured every men and women in the service. there is a typical center already established for convalescence. here, men wh

dewey awaits word from chicago and his supporters nominate him as the first republican candidate forberated rome, a city of 2.5 million inhabitants the people hailed a new coalition cabinet made up of italy's six non-fascist political parties. the cabinet is headed by bonami seen here with count sportsa. new york's colonel charles poletti as allied commissioner of rome has pledged the first thing i want to do is make a real effort to get the fascists out. signs proclaim a massive thanksgiving for victory. members are the first to attend religious services. ♪ ♪ general clark, fifth army commander is greeted as he leaves to join his forces fighting in the north. ♪ ♪ >> in the white house at washington, president roosevelt approves legislation to provide for america's war veterans in the feast to come. by law, federal loans, free schooling, job insurance and complete rehabilitation are among the benefits assured every man and woman in the service. ♪ ♪ >> here is a typical center already established for convalescence. here, men who have been discharged from hospitals come to receive aid

thomas dewey lost against president roosevelt in 1940.ting attorneys in the country and he remained powerful in the republican party. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 eastern and enjoy american history tv this week and every weekend on ♪ ♪ >>> you're watching american history tv, every weekend on c-span3 explore our nation's past. c-span3, created by america's cable television companies as a public service and brought to you today by your television provider. >> up next on american history tv, the author of the woman behind the new deal, the life of francis perkins, fdr secretary of labor and moral conscience. the author spoke at the ninth annual book festival held on the national mall. >> this is very interesting and personally meaningful

thomas dewey of new york, taft of ohio. this is a republican that went for six ballots. >> but nobody had come from a business side. nobody had come from the way of how do we create jobs in the economy? nobody was actually doing that, of any of the other candidates out there, except for wendell willkie and he certainly rose up and he had an electric pernl personality, a magnetic energy about him that brought people to him. >> you never knew your grandfather but as you talk to family members who knew him. he died at the age of 52. we'll learn more about his life. why did he decide to run for the nomination. he set the groundwork for a possible presidential bid in 1940. >> he was always interested in politics from a very young age, even growing up in his hometown of elwood, indiana, just up the road from here. he talked about it in his life, in his childhood, with his parents, when he got to college, to indiana university, it was always an integral part of his life. >> we are in rushville, indiana, one of the homes of wendell

so i think the biggest differences between dewey and al smith was probably that dewey was out there with this campaign and preparation a lot more than al smith ever was. >> we have a question here in our audience, if you would. if you feel comfortable, tell us who you are and where you're from. >> my name is amy and i'm from new york. my question is, besides the zoo that al smith brought to the governor's mansion, what was his most notable achievement for new york and the country? >> as governor? >> as governor, as candidate for president? >> well, i think that if i were to rattle them off, it would be kind of impressive, but we don't have three hours. probably smith's biggest achievements were to bring progressivism into the modern age. smith was that pre-new deal-type person. fdr had his own programs. but smith had parks and rec ration. he had new york state vote on bonds to improve roads and bridges, hospitals, prisons, he was ahead of his time when it came to criminal justice. smith's whole movement of government was not to downsize government, but to use government as a tool to prov

dewey, two very, very fascinating public persons. i was 10-years old at the time, but i do remember distinctly both of these personalities. my grandfather was the publisher of the oldest newspaper in this country. but i will not get into history. he was an fdr republican, my grandfather. my uncle was a socialist. but that is beside the point. the point is that i was terribly impressed as a young boy with this man. i was always in a political environment, intellectual environment, educational, historical, etc., in my family. but this man impressed me a great deal. frankly, he was the reason i became a republican, as i became eligible to vote, that i became a republican. what disturbs me today is the wendell willkie republican -- the first time i voted was for eisenhower, when i was able to vote. subsequently, i became a young republican club member. subsequent to that, by disillusionment, i lost my contact with the republican party. i hate to say this because there were so many elements in the republican party personified by wendell w

dewey wanted to be president. think there were rumors he was going to run for president when he was still i think new york district attorney. he had it in the cards that he wanted to do this for a long time. smith's campaign in 1928 had always been troubled from the start. he did get the nomination and did his whirlwind campaign from july onwards. dewey had more of the modern campaign. in fact f.d.r. did this in 1932. he knew he would run early on and traveled the country getting his delegates in order. i think the biggest difference is that dewey was out there with this campaign and preparation a lot more then al smith ever was. we have a question here in our audience. if you would, if you feel comfortable, tell us who you are and where you are from. >> thank you. amy standard from clifton park, new york the besides the zoo that al smith brought to the governor's mansion, what was his moat noteable achievement for new york and the country? as governor in candidate for president. >> if i were to rattle them off it

even though on election night itself, dewey was conceded to have won.sn't the one to call. >>> week nights this month on american history tv, we're looking at past presidential debates. tonight, we look at the presidential debates of 1980 and 1984. we'll show the only debate between incumbent jimmy carter and ronald reagan. they fielded questions from journalists on military spending, inflation, innercities and the iran hostage crisis. and then from 1984, the second and final debate between ronald reagan and former vice president walter mondale. watch tonight at 8:00 p.m. enjoy american history tv this week and every weekend on c-span 3. >>> every saturday, on american history tv on c-span3, go inside a different classroom and hear about topics from the american revolution, civil rights and u.s. presidents to 9/11. >> thanks for your patience and for logging into class. >> with most college classes closed due to the impact of the coronavirus, watch teachers engage with their students. >> gorbachev did half of the work, but reagan met him half the way. >

the big differences between dewey and al smith is that dewey was out there with this campaign and preparation more than al smith ever was. >> we have a question here in our audience. >> my name is amy and i'm from clifton park, new york. my question is besides the zoo that al smith brought to the governor's mansion, what was his most notable achievement for new york and/or the country. >> as governor? >> as governor, as candidate for president, what were his most notable achievements? >> if i were to rattle it off, it would be impressive. but we do not have like three hours. probably smith's biggest achievements were to bring progressiveness in the modern age. smith was the pre-new deal type person. fdr had his own programs but smith had the modern labor code, he had parks and recreation, he had new york state vote on bonds. hundreds of millions of dollars of bonds to improve roads and bridges, railroad crossings, parks, hospitals, prisons. he was ahead of his time when it came to criminal justice. smith's whole movement of government was not to downsize government but to use government as a

tonight we feature the life and career of the presidential nominee thomas dewey.atch tonight beginning at eastern. and every weekend here on c-span look. c-span3. >> every saturday at 8:00 p.m. american history tv on c-span3 go unside a different college classroom and hearing about the revolution and civil rights and 9/11. >> thanks for your patience. >> the impact of the coronavirus and watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with students. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union. but reagan met him half way. reagan encouraged him, reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press, i should mention, madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and is indeed freedom to print things and publish things. we refer to institutionally now as the press. >> lectures in history on american history tv on c-span 3. every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. it's also available as a podcast.

the presidential candidates from 1936 to 1948, and i skipped over ralph landon who ran in '36, dewey ran in '44 and '48, they were all understood as political moderates for the republican center and who were regularly denounced by conservative publications like the chicago tribune for being insufficiently real republicans. they were kind of the rhinos of their day. but yet they em placed the du dualistic and dynamic definition of free enterprise, and there was not specific views. self-proclaimed republicans did not enter rhetoric created by others, they helped invent it. for example, glen frank talked about the new deal as a war on busine business, and in his 1940 campaign, willkie repeated churchill's claim that fdr had made a ruthless report on free enterprise. it is difficult to square moderation with the binary slippery slope language of free enterprise that moderates embraced and amplified. in the free enterprise world view, the collectivism represented by the new deal was not something to debate at face value but to suspect, quote, no matter what form it masquerades. that's wha

dewey which is over california on his campaign around the nation. striking at communist elements striking at communist elements in government, the

we feature the life and career of thomas dewey, governor dewey lost against president roosevelt in 1940 h before that, he was one of most famous prosecutors eastern he remained power. and every weekend on c-span3. >> the presidents, available in paper back, hard cover and e-book from public affairs, presents biographies of every president, inspired by conversations with noted husband torians about the leadership skills that make for a successful presidency. as meshes go to the polls next month to decide who should lead our country. this collection offers perspectives into the lives and events that forged each president's leadership style. to learn more about all our presidents and the books featured historians, order your copy now. >> the on american history tv, cornell university history professor lawrence glickman describing how the modern concept of free enterprise formed in the 130s during the ruz of the new deal.

we feature the life and career of thomas dewey, governor dewey lost against president roosevelt in 1940fore that, he was one of most famous prosecutors eastern he remained power. and every weekend on c-span3. >>> "the presidents," available in paperback, hard cover and e-book, from public affairs, presents biographies of every president. as americans go to the polls next month to decide who should lead our country, this collection offers perspectives into the lives and events that foraged each president's leadership style. to learn more about all of our presidents and the book's featured historians, visit c-span.org/thepresidents and order your copy today wherever books are

i had published a big biography of thomas dewey that i had spent a year researching. came back to d.c., i was writing on a consultant basis for bob dole, for whom i had worked earlier, and i'm very proud to say i've been associated with him over the years. i had done this book on tom dewey, who in some ways is the ultimate overlooked historical figure. the little man on the wedding cake. someone stereo typed and written off, who turned out to have a vastly more interesting and consequential life. in many ways hoover was a logical sequel. i didn't think about it at that time. i had no political agenda. i had visited west branch at an adolescent and been really moved by the site, and it's still moving. >> you're talking about west branch, iowa? >> where hoover was born and where he's buried. and the 450 yards separate the two. the birthplace is a little 14 by 20 foot, the size of the average american living room today, a little white wash cottage. and then 450 yards away on a hillside called the overlook, the very simple graves of mr. -- president and mrs. hoover. he ma

thomas deu dewey chose nixon. it was dewey who put him on the ticket. eisenhower never met nixon. i believe eisenhower accepted it as a decision of the party to have him on the ticket. i think it was a bad decision. i don't say that because of what nixon became later, but eisenhower didn't use his vice president as an adviser, a counselor. the two men didn't get along. they didn't have a relationship, quite frankly. in my opinion, eisenhower didn't trust nixon. he didn't believe he could grow into the job of becoming president. for eight years he tried, or so he said, but nixon was so intimidated by eisenhower, the two just never meshed. in 1956, ike tried to bounce nixon off the ticket. he said, dick, you need some experience. you really ought to go run the pentagon. nixon smelled a rat and said, i know what you're trying to do. thanks very much for that, but i'm okay right where i am. eisenhower refused to tell him directly, i'm ordering you to go run the pentagon. wouldn't do it. he wanted nixon to say, sir, i think i need some more executive experience, i would like to go run

it was he who ordered admiral dewey to the philippines in the spanish-american war. and the cataclysmic and most important battle of that war, the battle of manila bay took place, as a result of dewey's being ordered to the philippines. he also served one term as governor to new york. now, in addition to all this, he was a well-known author. he wrote a four volume study of the war of 1812. he wrote a book called, "the winning of the west." he wrote a couple of popular biographies. he also worked out of the dakota territories as a rancher. and it was pretty well known, he served in the spanish-american war, where he gloried in his role as the colonel who was the head of the volunteer outfit known as the rough riders. much is known about those exploits because he wrote about them, so, many people learned about roosevelt's activities and cuba, and someone at the time said the book was so self-centered, roosevelt should have titled it, "alone in cuba." in any case, he was a scholar, a genuine intellectual. it was a -- there he is as colonel roosevelt, rough rider. his li

. >> governor dewey, making a plea for world peace and striking communist elements in government, the gop leader draws big

dewey was far from alone in evoking the civil war and especially abraham lincoln's framing of the two systems. the only option was to revive free enterprise, quote, the system which made america great. dewey like so many others so routinely used the house divided metaphor to explain why a mixed economy was unsustainable. as early as 1936, the "new york times" editorialized against overuse of this house divided metaphor. the editorialist wrote, a good maxim requires judicious handling. it's no exception to this rule. obviously, not all half and half combinations are fatal including the hybrid new deal economy. 1936, already noticing this trend, which only increased in later years. that's the presidential candidates of 1936 through 1948, and i skipped over landon who ran in '36, wilkie ran in '40, they were all understood as political moderates who stood well to the left of the republican center and who were regularly denounced by conservative publications like the chicago tribune for being real republicans. they were the rhinos of their day. but yet they embraced the dire language of f

so he never endorsed dewey or roosevelt. the republican party -- >> you bring a number of key points. thank you by the way for phoning in. we're gonna talk about this book one world, and his post-1940 campaign visits tear up. and his relationship with franklin roosevelt, you brought up the 1940 fall campaign. let's touch on that point if we could. in the next hour we're going to focus much more on the second part of your phone call. the 1940 fall campaign, he went in with such great promise did not have a lot of the support of the republican establishment, you touched on this earlier. basically what happened? how did this unfold? >> we need to acknowledge, i'm not sure that we've done that yet, that roosevelt did have liabilities going into that campaign. while he had won in a landslide in 1936, the congressional elections in 1938 produced i think, 81 new republican house numbers. voting against roosevelt, voting against the new deal. there was a court packing plan, which created a lot of bitterness, even among some democrat

the same year, 1940, in the case against the new deal, thomas dewey claimed that the coming presidential election where he was the front runner for a time, the american people will be called upon to make the most critical decision they have in 80 years. as of the election of 1860, voters have two conflicting and opposing systems. dewey was far from alone in evoking the civil war and especially abraham lincoln's framing of the competing and composing economic systems. in a world of binary choices, the only point according to doing was to revive free enterprise. critics routinely used the house divided metaphor to explain why a mixed economy was unsustainable and that as early as 1936 "the new york times" editorialized against overuse of this "house divided" metaphor. it requires judicious handling. abrahams lincoln half slave and half free is no exception to this rule. not all half and half combinations are fatal, including the hybrid new deal economy. in 1930 times, "the new york times" notice this and it increased in later years. residential candidates of 1936 through 1948, wilkie ran i

dewey believe, do police believe rather, that that home in lafayette was targeted? >> reporter: it appears that way. it's clear the homeowners support the democratic ticket including joe biden. authorities are investigating this as a possible hate crime. this is what robbie and katie peacock woke up to on tuesday, a swastika and trump spray- painted on the side of their house in downtown lafayette. the couple used wooden boards to cover cover up the ugly symbol of hate. >> it's really frightening and of deep concern to see this symbol of white's pharmacy being displayed. >> reporter: it's clear this house was targeted. there is a flag supporting joe biden outside and on the second floor window, a sign that says grab him by the ballot box. a not-so-subtle dig of president trump about his comments on women. we have seven days until the next election, seven days to choose love over hate, unity over division and bravery over fear. seven days to protect our children's future and to make our parents proud. there was more graffiti, swastika equals trump sprayed on the sain

dwight eisenhower got 12 million more votes than thomas dewey.ation in four years since the 1820s. >> why? >> because you had two, in many ways, outstanding candidates, each in their own way, who were able to excite the electorate in a way we hadn't seen since that period of time. >> here's a little of adlai stevenson. >> the concern of both parties is not just winning this election, but how it is won. how well we can take advantage of this great quadrennial opportunity to debate issues sensibly and soberly. i hope and pray that we democrats, win or lose, can campaign not as a crusade to exterminate the opposing party as our opponents seem to prefer, but as a great opportunity to educate and elevate a people whose destiny is leadership. let's talk since to the american people. let's tell them the truth, that there are no gains without pain, that we are now on the eve of great decision. >> newton minnow, where were you 59 years ago tonight? >> i was in the governor's mansion, and i think one thing that really taught the american people about gover

and, as the dawn crept up, i've come our and i've knelt with damp, dewey knees in that tangle of wildd i can tell you, it's been so uplifting. let me flip the focus away from the natural world, which obviously stirs so much passion in you, to yourself. look inward a little bit. you, again, since we've last met, have chosen to speak out very publicly about your own mental health issues and your midlife diagnosis with asperger‘s, on the autistic spectrum. you've talked about it as a gift, as an asset which has helped you. in what ways? well, i think in some ways it is a gift. it's just that when you open it, you don't always get what you want. sometimes it's the shiny package which allows you to see and sense the world in a different way. sometimes it's an intellectual asset which allows you to think not outside the box, because there is no box — there are no boundaries to your thinking. sometimes it allows you to develop levels of creativity — physical, artistic, mental — that you can't have. but of course, sometimes you open the box and it presents you with all sorts of challenges, ma

model policing the 1948 model when polled across the board were completely and uniformly wrong about deweydefeattruman election, when harry trumanwon a surprise and dramatic ecupset on. so we see all these different varieties of polling failure, if the nexttithe polls to come fail, they may fail in a surprising way, away we did not expect and a way that does not mirror any previous polling failure. >> let's talk about why some of this is. what are the challenges pollsters face when they are trying to get answs and put their finger on the pulse of americans? >> one of the biggest challenges in getting a decent response rate, and it used to be the gold standard of polling used to be that ey would us telephone, landline telephones, random digit dialing so they could reach listed as well as unlisted phone numberbe and use most people in the country, and i'm thinking the 70s and 80s and into the 90s, had telephon, that was a pretty reliable method of getting a representative cross- section of the country. with the demise or the decline of land lines, we're seeing fewer and fewer people with lan

dewey which is over california on his campaign around the nation. striking at communist elements in government, the gop governor, of new york, governor of new york reaches california. making a bra for world peace, the gop leader draws a big audience. audience. next step is

week and when dewey, and louie as dependents. they extolled the virtues of the taxpayers. the campaign was remarkably successful in selling this. public opinion polls indicate that americans thought their taxes were fair and taxes were helpful with the war effort. the wartime tax survived. taxes were not universally popular. to use it tory reduce congress. they wanted to appeal to members of the emerging american middle-class. those men who owned things or aspire to own things. they resented having to pay for programs they think benefited them. most of the pressure for tax relief came not from ordinary groupsbut from business who mobilized quickly after the war. it is particularly clear and successful. but they failed to amend the constitution. supporters of the tax limitation amendment said their movement was spontaneous. but the campaign was paid for by some of the nation's largest corporations including standard oil, dupont. this tax limitation campaign failed. but not poboya it introduced significant changes. it was during this campaign that they succeeded in redefinin

john dewey had his students take every day objects and dive into it more deeply to think about that so drawing from that come i like the idea of the everyday object analysis even in their own homes by asking me these questions and the first one is and then to take a close look and describe it. what does it connect to? and those that may know about what can we do with our questions can i ask what i write a paper about and from brown university to provide a little bit more detail on that in the book and this was produced in some factory on the other side of the world that relates to trade policies and economics and it is particular you can take that with anything in the world and the same is true so what you might do with you are online students to work around them and find things and those spaces that are fascinating as a window on avenue to new and creative thinking. >> so this is my recommendation one of those pedagogical activities to is fascinating course of content and how do you see that on a regular basis? >> so the one time experience and with the whole course in his signature a

you had strom thurmond, dixie craft forming a different party, henry wallace, people assumed dewey had won. he is the patron saint of presidents when you're behind. i wouldn't worry about polling now. it is a lot about momentum and whether donald trump is building any on the rallies this past week, whether the debate can give him another bit of bounce he desperately needs. >> so you say don't focus too much on polling. we know state of the race now, former vice president seems to be in the driver's seat. we can have suspicion about state polls if we wish. when you think about the historical moment, you have an incumbent, three successive two term presidents, and then a former vice president, also rare that vice presidents get to become president. you have to go back to george h.w. bush. we have a headline, i want to talk about the here and now, i love this. this is my first campaign, reagan endorses bush tepidly. that became a controversy. it is special because john margolis was a great mentor to me on the first campaign. the idea that what is the historical force tonight, that america

one other thing, being from chicago, i worked at the caribbean tower, when the dewey truman election result. and you never saw such panic in your life, as was in the chicago tribute. i will let you go, and get your responses on air. thank you. >> i think we can talk to sally all night. senator stevenson if we can start with, you you heard the emotion in her voice. good to talk about his campaign style, a little bit? >> well, i'd like to amplify, i think newton has done a perfect job, going back to 52 he was also reluctant to run for president. because, he had been elected governor of a state which we love, and we are deeply indebted to. and it succeeded in corrupt republican administration. he reached out, and he recruited the best qualified professionals that he could find. it wasn't paid to pray in those days, it was sacrifice to serve, they were reforming state governors. and he wanted to finish the job. newton and richard are right, he was also reluctant because eisenhower, the returning war hero, would be very hard to defeat. and i think, secretly, and not so secretly at home, h

this is like tom dewey in 1948 announcing his cabinet. trump is going to win. he's going to win decisively. poor kasich and flake are going to be out there out there on unemployment. >> thank you so much. when what will the media look like if biden wins? put it this way. could their dismissal of anything antibiden during the campaign turn into something near nefarious if he's elected? dinesh d'souza is here in moments on the looming threat to independent voices. >> ♪ accusing him without any evidence. >> when asked >> he claims without evidence. >> new details on russia's latest disinformation campaign to sway your vote. >> he claims without evident -- >> accusing him without evidence. >> this time without any evidence. >> when asked he provided no evidence. >> the media's go-to phrase for dismissing information has morphed into something much more dangerous. >> new details on russia's latest disinformation campaign to sway your vote. >> new york post story that's been widely disavowed and is very dubious. >> you look at this computer store owner in delaware. t