glory dolphin hammes is the north american ceo for iq air, and she joins us now. thank you so much for being here. i know that it's hard to generalize globally, but why are so few nations able to control their air pollution better? glory: it has to do with economic activity. so, the world health organization, their standards are essentially based on science and what actually affects human health. and we have governments and their responsibility to provide a good economy for its constituents that actually directly conflicts with the health guidelines that are set forth. so, there is a balance between health and our economy. william: one of the things i was really struck by in your report is that the pollution that we're talking about is incredibly small particles in the air, and that contributes to making it even more unhealthy for humans. can you explain why that is? glory: the impact of what's called fine and ultrafine particulate matter is tremendous on the human body. these ultrafe particles are able to penetrate the human cell mitochondria. that is essentially