this is dorothea lange, who then goes on to not only she famous for this image and her images of the depression, but she goes on to become an extremely important photographer documenting farm labor in california in the 1930s. so i want to begin by talking about california in particular and farm work. and we're going to talk about both the rise of agricultural labor in california, as well as what will become known as the brussels era program. so california, to this day, it's one of the largest of agricultural industries in the country. many of you are from california. i only have you because many i often have classes. so if you think about the imperial valley, this is still where we have large, large numbers of farm workers. many, although not all undocumented, still very difficult labor conditions. and this is still where those of us i like going to, rather than be able to get strawberries in january right. i'm sure most of you do, too. we like being able to get this fresh produce here around. part of this is because of our agricultural industry in places like california and florida.

different ways but i like writing about the pledge because i do a reading of a photograph, a dorothea lange photograph of these beautiful, happy little girls on a playground in san francisco with their hands, their hearts saying the pledge. and they were photographed two days before they were put in internment camps and the point that i try to make there is the pledge they're saying at the pleasure that they had in belonging was so undermined by the requirement belonging in a particular kind of way. right. and when when you are required to the pledge. and in michigan, a right wasn't too long ago that there was a state law passed requiring to require everybody to say the pledge. it required teachers to make time, say the pledge, and as soon as your requiring a oath, you're getting into a whole kind of complicated territory around belonging, at. one of the interesting things about the pledge that that i discovered doing my research is in fact the original. instead of putting your hand on your heart, the original practice around the pledge was actually it's so similar to the nazi salute becaus