dr. pitcaithley: earlier. >> earlier and during the civil war. because cotton -- was no longer being sent to britain and made for the. cotton mills so, what happened in britain was that incredible numbers of people pushed against slavery, despite the fact that they were now out of work. so, there was, in 1812, around 1812 when spencer perceval was the prime minister. he was an incredibly hardline abolitionist. he actually didn't allow american ships into port if they had any slaves on their ships at all. so, there was -- there were powerful business reasons to get rid of slavery. do you have any issues with that? dr. pitcaithley: it's something i did not look into. i think i understand that, at the same time, about beginning of the civil war, cotton was becoming grown much more in india as part of the british empire, and that helped supply some of that need. i told you exactly everything i know about that. but i've read that that's the case, and so it alleviated that need a little bit, but you got the wilberforce issue in england against slavery. and the genera