dr. billington told us, civilizations rise from the worker creative minorities. we don't know who those minorities necessarily are. thank you. [applause] >> mo, the only person who was not paying attention was jamie, the dog. thank you so much. much to discuss. i next speaker is chief of the library of congress preservation research and testing division. a world leading heritage preservation scientist. she has done groundbreaking work on some of our nation's most precious objects, among them the draft copy of the declaration of independence that we saw yesterday in the presentation and the u.s. flag that flew over fort mchenry. she will kill me for putting it this way, but prepare yourself for book history csi. [applause] >> it has been such an amazing privilege of the last two days to build the knowledge that has been brought together at the summit. it was discussed yesterday and seemed to be a continuing theme throughout that the resources of knowledge that leads to new christians, it can't be just information. it must be knowledge. in the preservation, in shor

dr. billington, librarian of congress, who has -- i have -- he has posed the question to me personally and to people in the outer libraries, obviously something that concerns some very much and concerns all of us. that is, what is -- i mean, you publishers are, as you have said so well now, you are publishing a book that is going to be opened and shared as a kind of brain experience. we have heard that as well between a reader and writer. and we have known but that has met over the course of centuries of reading in the codex form, but what happens to cognition, to the way we think, to the way we process information much of the way we are inspired much of the way we are moved, to the way we are desires, our ways, what happens to all of that when the process of reading has changed? is this something the you're thinking about in publishing? is this something you're thinking about when you are looking at that hand-held device that does all those things, that takes you to, you know, developed you're reading. what are you considering al as publishers, as people, as and diseases, people will have