dr. brautigam. dr. hayes. >> is very good to see all of you and certainly senator lugar is great to see you again as well. i would like to speak more from the private sector point of view of course. as i noted in my written testimony, i am honored to be invited to provide testimony. much of my life has been built around both china and africa relations with the united states and certainly currently status as president of the corporate counsel in africa spread to get him interested in both regions of the world. this issue is of high urgency. as 200 companies representing about 85% of all u.s. foreign direct investment in africa. as we attempt to expand u.s. trade with an investment in africa, the relationship with china becomes increasingly important to the american economy. china's interest in africa to go beyond economic and include wider political influence on a global scale as does ours. the global marketplace, china is and will continue to be an aggressive competitor to the united states and other na

dr. brautigam. full testimony will be placed in the record, be available to other members of the committee and in the record. so if you would, please, ambassador shinn. >> thank you very much, chairman coons, for inviting me, and i also thank the committee. china has, essentially, four hard interests in africa. first is maintaining or increasing access to energy, minerals, timber and agricultural products. second, developing good relations with all african countries so that china can count on their support in regional and international forums. third, increasing senately china's exports to africa. and lastly, ending taiwan's official diplomatic presence in africa and replacing it with recognition of beijing. the magnitude of china's involvement in africa since the mid 1990s has grown exponentially. china has dip plomatic relations with 50 of the 54 african countries today. beijing has an embassy in every one of those countries except one; somalia. china has particularly developed an effective state-t