dr. brenner in new jersey. we'll now meet the local 49ers.representing thousands of engineers in minnesota and the dakotas. the group discovered, much as our friends in camden did, that in their case, 17% of the union membership was accounting for 83% of the annual health care spending. remember, in america in general, 5% of the people account for 50% of the spending. so in response to this hot spot, union leadership developed a two-pronged approach to cut costs while simultaneously increasing the quality of care. you see, really high costs for people can be an indication that care is backed. what they will make clear once again is this. if we are able to identify the sickest people among us in a given health care network, public or private, and if we focus our efforts in resources on helping those people become healthier, not only will our health care costs go down as a nation, but our health will go up. it's that simple. joining us now from minneapolis is the -- from the international union of operating engineers local 49, martha lefaub wit

dr. harvey brenner of johns hopkins university testified before this committee on june 15th and he warned that, quote, the unemployment rate is well established as a risk factor for elevated illnesses and mortality rates in epidemiological studies performed since the early 1980s. it is true that studies as far back as 1985 have warned of the health impacts of unemployment. a study published that year in requesteded miblg "the american journal of public health" by dr. margaret lynn, found, that quote, after unemployment, symptoms of sematiization which includes pain, a whole bunch of different symptoms, also depression and anxiety, were significant significantly greater in the unemployed than in the employed. more recent studies include yale researcher dr. william galo who released a study in 2006 and that found that results suggest that the true cost of late career unemployment exceed financial deprivation and include substantial health consequences. unemployment's health impact on children is also discussed in the report. the national center for health statistics has found that children