dr. carter smith. thank you for being here. as a professional academic now no longer a practitioner this is a very large audience. we get large classes and we teach with many dozens and sometimes a little bit more than a hundred students. right, i don't know why we go. we do. one of the things that people ask a lot is how i got interested in the topics before i respond i have to think the organizers and volunteers of the southern book festival. the middle tennessee state university. the book was about 25 years in the making. it was not necessary a labor of love but it was an adventure. i got interested in the topic beginning in the early 1990s. it began seen in indicators that groups of individuals were engaging in correlated criminal gang activity. we have not seen anything like that before. having learned to maintain relationships with police officers and other locations and having kept up with current events we knew what we have discovered. the problem as we thought was that gangs had infiltrated our small military committee