dr. cochrane. -- we will turn it over to dr. cochrane. >> chernobyl was the worst nuclear accident in history. in the health physics profession, the way one measures the consequences, particularly in terms of excess cancers that are caused by an accident, is to first calculate the radiation dose to each individual that is exposed. that is in units of sieberts. 100 rims equal one siebert. those units include corrections or non uniformity of exposure in the body because radioactivity concentrates in organs. then when you add up all of the dose for each of the exposed individuals, you typically refer to the collective effective dose. that is measured in [unintelligible] in the case of chernobyl, the united nations committee on the affects of atomic radiation -- you may recall from one of dr. sherman's slides showed a chart of various estimates of health effects from chernobyl and sort of in the middle was 2006 in skewed reports. there has meant a more recent report -- 2008 -- that assesses the collective dose worldwide from chernoby

dr. cochran and charles pardee and mr.yd, if a nuclear power plant in this country faced a full blackout, similar to what we've seen at the fukushima facility, in your opinion, would we have a few days before we might see the fuel rods degrade and, therefore, see harmful radiation levels? let me say that one again. i'll just say it again. if a nuclear power plant in this country faced a full blackout similar to what we've seen at the fukushima facility, in your opinion would we have a few days before we might see the fuel rods degrade and, therefore, witness harmful radiation levels? >> i don't believe so if you include within that full blackout the loss of emergency power generation at the site. for example, you have both batteries and diesel generator backup systems. diesel generators failed in japan because of the tsunami. if they fail in the u.s., you then can rely on -- and they also -- i mean you lost off-site power. you also have battery power. at some reactors the battery is only designed for four hours. it's my un

dr. cochran and charles pardee and mr.boyd, if a nuclear power plant in this country faced a full blackout, similar to what we've seen at the fukushima facility, in your opinion, would we have a few days before we might see the fuel rods degrade and, therefore, see harmful radiation levels? let me say that one again. i'll just say it again. if a nuclear power plant in this country faced a full blackout similar to what we've seen at the fukushima facility, in your opinion would we have a few days before we might see the fuel rods degrade and, therefore, witness harmful radiation levels? >> i don't believe so if you include within that full blackout the loss of emergency power generation at the site. for example, you have both batteries and diesel generator backup systems. diesel generators failed in japan because of the tsunami. if they fail in the u.s., you then can rely on -- and they also -- i mean you lost off-site power. you also have battery power. at some reactors the battery is only designed for four hours. it's my

dr. dupont and major cochran collect data. some of the data they have is ongoing. there is a lower recidivism rate. officers that bring individuals to services when they look at those individuals months later, they are still involved in the services versus individuals brought to jail. commissioner: thank you. dr. woodard, the statistics are amazing, 7,000 or more people that you all see? >> that's correct. commissioner: is that folks that have drug issues but not necessarily a diagnosed disorder? how do those statistics break down? >> those numbers i quoted are the total numbers. we have seen anywhere from 400 to 700 a month averaging out to 7,000 a year. that's all patients. that's not differentiating between someone with a primary substance abuse problem or a primary psychiatric problem. the breakdown would probably be about 80 to 85% have substance abuse -- co-morbid substance issues. commissioner: meaning they have both? >> meaning they have both. that's why having appropriate dispositions for people with bans substance abuse disorders like sobering centers, ou

dr. thomas cochran, initials are the same as my colleagues and me. he is a senior scientist with the program of natural resources defense council. all right, your statements -- use about five minutes, try not to go too much over that. five minutes and your statements will be included in the record. we'll start with senator blakesly. how many state senators are there in california? we know we have 53 u.s. representatives. >> we have 40 state senators in california representing about 37 million people. a little over a million constituents per senator. >> how many state reps? >> 53 members of congress and 80 members of the lower house. >> great. please proceed. >> thank you, chair, my fame is sam blakeslee, i'm a california state senator as chairman boxer indicated, i am a republican. the former minority leader in the lower house. i'm a former research scientist earned his doctorate from u.c. santa barbara. i worked in the oil and gas industry for exxon and now live with my wife and two young dirlz ten miles from deab blow canyon. the seismic can none h