dr. crane, i want to ask you something that is related to this, although it is not directly touch on the oil financing piece. i want to understand how , substantial is the economic impact of the iraqi government continuing to pay the salaries of iraqi employees who live in isis controlled territory? how big of a problem is that? obviously those salaries are taxed by isil as well. much of that money is propping up the economy in that contested area. dr. crane: excellent question. the iraqi government has stopped paying mosul. some of the other communities continue to be paid. i could not think of a better policy decision. i think the first decision on stopping payment in july in mosu l was probably the single biggest impact on isil i'm -- isil financing that has taken place so far. senator heinrich: there should be a complete cessation of financing. ilt only in mosul, but any iso held territory in iraq. dr. crane: hopefully, falluja will soon no longer be under isis control. sen. murkowski: sena

dr. crane, if you would like to begin, please. thank you. >> thank you, chairman murkowski and ranking member cantwell for the opportunity to testify today. i'm going to talk about isil the insurgency. isil has a large number of affiliates. we know many people swear allegiance to it. it has been used for branding in afghanistan and elsewhere. terrorist operations tend to cost little. will focus on the big money, which is the insurgency. i will talk about what it costs isil to run its operations in those areas of iraq and syria that it controls. how does isil cover those costs? what can we do to reduce those revenues and how effective those measures are likely to be. major costs are salaries for fights and large numbers of other people, please and intelligence operatives. roughly, there could be 80,000 of those individuals, u.s. intelligence agencies thinks there's 31,000 fighters. if you assume $400 a month, we're looking at about $400 million there. personnel costs are only a fraction of what

dr. crane said is a principal source of revenue for the organization, and one that must shut down -- be shut down. i have submitted a longer statement for the record. in my view, oil is actually probably the second-largest source of revenue for the islamic state. when you add up all of the things that dr. crane said as other, i think those probably about to slightly more than the oil revenue. to give one example of the scale of what is in the other category of isil revenue, daniel glaser estimated earlier this year that based on intelligence, the u.s. government had received -- isil has managed to elude $1 million in cash out of bank vaults from the territory. when you add that, the taxes, the extortion, all told, a significant source of revenue. clearly the oil revenues are critically important. like dr. crane, i estimate the islamic state earns about $500 million per year from the oil trade. mostly through the case -- sale of crude oil in syria. most, if not all islamic state oil production o

dr. crane, if you would like to begin, please. thank you. >> thank you, chairman murkowski and ranking member cantwell for the opportunity to testify today. i'm going to talk about isil the insurgency. isil has a large number of affiliates. we know many people swear allegiance to it. it has been used for branding in afghanistan and elsewhere. terrorist operations tend to cost little. will focus on the big money, which is the insurgency. i will talk about what it costs isil to run its operations in those areas of iraq and syria that it controls. how does isil cover those costs? what can we do to reduce those revenues and how effective those measures are likely to be. major costs are salaries for fights and large numbers of other people, please and intelligence operatives. roughly, there could be 80,000 of those individuals, u.s. intelligence agencies thinks there's 31,000 fighters. if you assume $400 a month, we're looking at about $400 million there. personnel costs are only a fraction of what

dr. crane, i want to ask you something related to this, although it doesn't directly touch on the oil financing piece. i want to understand how substantial is the economic impact of the iraqi government continuing to pay the salaries of iraqi employees who live in isis-controlled territory? how big a problem is that? obviously those salaries get taxed by isil as well. and much of that money is propping up that the economy in the contested area? >> excellent question. >> my understanding is the anbar communities tennessee to be paid. i couldn't think of a better policy decision. and i think the first decision on stopping payment july and mosul was probably the single biggest that has taken place so far. >> we should be have a complete cessation of on financing those salaries throughout not only in mosul but any isil held territory in iraq? >> hopefully ramadi and fallujah later will not be under isil control. >> i couldn't agree more. thank you. >> senator cassady? >> thank you all. very stimula

like dr. crane, i estimate that the islamic state earns about $500 million per year from the oil trade. mostly through the sale of crude oil in syria. most, if not all, of the islamic state's oil production occurs at small wells in syria. there may be a small amount of oil production in iraq. but the vast majority occurs in syria. the oil is sold by isil at the well head for perhaps between $15 and $40 per barrel. it's sold to independent distributors who then onward sell it to the small refiners that dr. crane talked about or move it on elsewhere in isil territory. according to most estimates, isil is earning between 1 and $1.5 million per day in oil revenue. i should say those estimates are up to about three, four weeks ago when the u.s. military began its escalated campaign against oil targets. until about three or four weeks ago, those estimates had been remarkably stable for about a year. if you look back a year ago, the estimates were a million or slightly more per day. if you look three or fo

the panel will be led off by dr. crane. he will be followed by mr. peter harrell. welcome. dr. sarah vakhshouri is the nonresident senior fellow for the atlantic council. we will wrap up the panel with mr. janie webster, the senior -- jamie webster, the senior director for ihs. we appreciate you being here this morning. we ask that you confine remarks to about five minutes. your full statement will be part of the record. once you have concluded your testimony, you will have an opportunity to answer questions from the members. dr. crane: thank you for the opportunity to testify today. i am going to talk about isil the insurgency. isil has a large number of affiliates. we know, unfortunately, many people swear allegiance to it. we know it has been used for afghan and asking -- elsewhere. terrorist operations tend to cost very little. i will focus on the big money, the insurgency. we will talk about what it costs isil to run operations, how does it cover those costs? what can we do to reduce those revenues? and we will talk about how effective those measures are likely to be. what

dr. michael crane, director of the world trade center program at mt. sinai hospital in new york.esswoman how does it look? do you believe that this will go through? one of your colleagues, pete king, saying yes this will work. this is going to happen. >> well, we have momentum and it's not over 'til it's over and the president signs it into law but it looks very good that the $8.1 billion health and compensation program will be part of the omnibus must pass bill, $3.5 billion for a permanent health care program which is so very important, the cancers are not going to go away. the men are sick. we need to be there for them, and then we have the rest of the money will be for the compensation program that will expire in 2021. >> is it enough? >> it is enough. it is what we agreed to. it's what we believe we need, and we would like permanent compensation but be back in five years for that but the heroes should not have to go home for the holidays without their health care and knowing that they have it. they were there for us, this grateful nation has to be there for them. >> john fee

i would act oh dr. crane remarks. irgc remains sanctioned, even after the nuclear deal, and the fact that there is commitment in washington and in europe to keep and make suree that companies going into iran do not do business with the irgc has some potential to help some of the non-irgc actors in iran compete more effectively in these economic areas. >> in energy? mr. harrell: yeah. >> wouldn't that be a good thing -- if we had someone competing with them? i certainly think we want to see more competition emerge. the sanctions were effective at getting us to where we are today with the nuclear agreement, but, you know, we did see the irgc expand its role in a diminishing pie during the sanctions era. i think it would be good to see some of that get on wound and see them lose the influence within a run. >> thank you. >> i want to wrap up my questions with one directed to you, in your testimony. you talked about the issue of spare capacity that is out there , and recognizing that this cushion that has been available, h

dr. bennett omalu, a forensic neuropathologist who made the first discovery of cte, a football-related brain trauma. this movie opens in theaters tomorrow. here to discuss the topic more in-depth is physical therapist ned craneva care rehabilitation. welcome, thank you so much for joining us on this christmas eve day. >> good morning. >> i want to ask you about concussions in general. we hear that word tossed around, we know it's bad but explain what does it mean short term and long term? >> concussion, the most basic, is a dramatic brain injury. so the brain is either impacted directly or indirectly through a fall or another hit in the body and the brain is twisted or shaken. that causes damage. we can't see that with some standard tests when it initially happens but we do know it changes the way the brain functions. >> so what can you do in physical therapy to actually combat that? >> often times with a concussion there can be disruptions in visual processing so the brain can't handle the information coming in or sound and sensitivity, also changes in balance, how someone walks, being able to concentrate, memory. so we come up with exercises that are specific to those losses. >> and are the exercises diffe