dr. eric kandel, a nobel laureate, a professor at columbia university and a howard hughes medical investigat. we begin our program wh the question what other similities and differences of various brain disorders. >> in this issue we're going to consider various various brain disorders and as you know the brain is theost complicated o gahn in the body and susceptible to diseases than any other organ and we'll begin by considering psychiatric, addictive and neurological disorders which encompasses all brain disorders and we'll ask the question what are the similarities and differences between them. now, this is an issue that has been discussed for decades and thinking about it can be divided in three phases. the first phase which is called the moral face. continued until around 1800 when many physicians thought that only neurological diseases are based in the brain that psychiatric disorders and addictive disorders were not brain disorders, they were weaknesses of character, moral disorders. and people with dictive and psychiatric diseases were isolated from the rest of the community, put into