dr. eric kandel. he is a nobel laureate a professor at columbia university and a howard hughes medical investigator. i'm pleased to have all of them here at this table this evening. >> in discussing the biology of parenting, we're going to discuss a number of topics. one is the remarkable similarity of parenting throughout the animal kingdom. we're also going to discuss the consequences of parental neglect and how disastrous that can be. and we're also going to consider the hormonal changes that occur with post-partum depression. let me put this in a somewhat broader context. in the last prospect, we considered the biology of aggression. and we learned that from david anderson's work, that the hypothalamus is concerned with aggression. there are neurons in the hypothalamus that are recruited for aggression. and interestingly, they're located, as we see in the image right next to neurons concerned with mating. moreover, there's a population in between about 20% of neurons, that can respond to either of