dr. schwartz and his co-investigator henry aaron found that no one over 60 in great britain was diagnosed with kidney failure. no one over 60 was on dialysis. david goldstein: so they went and looked at the charts, and they find this 68-year-old man with all the values that would suggest that they had renal failure, and they said, "look, look, what about this man? what about him, why didn't he get on dialysis?" "oh, that man? he was too crumbly." "too crumbly? what does that mean?" "well, he's just too crumbly." so they went and they spoke to the patients. they said, "why aren't these patients demanding they be on dialysis?" the patients didn't demand it. they didn't have the expectation. in the united states, if bill gates has something, we all want it. wait, it doesn't matter that this man has $80 billion. we all want it. if you take an international perspective, what most countries have done is done supply controls. they've controlled the number of doctors. they've controlled the number of hospital beds. they've controlled the diffusion of new technology. and they've been quite successful with supply controls in controlling the rates of increase in heal