dr. gooden. this will be a bit of a breath of fresh air considering the context we have been involved in so far this morning. susan has been looking at three admittedly small programs that hearken back to the values jason riley was talking about in the early 20th century. i'd love for you to tell us about these programs. about the programs and what you found they were accomplishing and how you see their effectiveness. susan: thank you, howard. i would like to thank the manhattan institute. it is a privilege to be a part of this panel. howard mentioned i was president, i'm actually be immediate past president. i want to make sure the current president does not give the hate mail. as howard mentioned, these were three very fascinating programs. there were two parts to the study. we looked at three nonprofit organizations led by african-americans. one is in harlem, not too far from here. one is in new jersey. the third is outside of chicago, illinois in glenwood. each of these programs had three dif

dr. gooden, and this will be, i think, a little bit of a breath of fresh air considering the context that we've been involved insofar this morning. susan as been looking at three admittedly small programs that harken back to some of the values that jason riley was talking about earlier in the early 20th century and i would love for you, susan, to tell us about those programs. fug disclosure one of them is represented here and is going to be on display at the end of this program this morning. tell us about those programs, what you found they were accomplishing, and how you see their effectiveness. what do you trace it to? >> well, thank you howard. first i'd like to thank the manhattan institute and it is a privilege to be part of this panel this morning, i just want to make one slight correction. in your introduction howard mentioned i'm the president of the american society of public administration, i'm actually the immediate past president so in case i get run out on a rail, i want to make sure the current president doesn't get the hate mail. i want to make sure it comes directly to me.