dr. jeffrey raymond and he presented his initial findings from a large scale observational study of police encounters with the report. and he determined from his initial data, that when an officer acknowledges, registers and responds to a civilians, verbal participation in the encounter and in other words, when the officer acknowledges that the civilian is requesting something that cooperation by that civilian can increase 20-fold, and reduce the use of force and during this presentation, he also expects his thanks to the san francisco police department that participated in the study and he said that all ten district stations participated in the city, and there were other police departments that participated as well. and those police departments that had, the video cameras in their cars and they relied on those videos for the data, with the san francisco police department, and researchers actually had video cameras to video tape the encounters. and the goal of this study which is ongoing, and there are three goals, during the study one is to understand how the police encounters are organiz