dr. magness. >> thank you. john willis menard is a familiar name for those who know a bit about history of african-american representation in the united states house of representatives. his main claim to fame is that he was the first african-american elected to the house of representatives. but he was denied his seat in 1869. we'll get into a bit of the reasons behind that. but i'm here to talk about some of his life, his background, his history up until this point, because he was actually a very accomplished individual, who sat at the crossroads of two major events in american history, and international history. they were related events, the american civil war had a front-row seat to this right here in washington, d.c. but also, shortly after the war, he migrated to jamaica, and was a participant in a major event internationally in 1865. both of these events had the connection of being tied to the end of slavery, and establishment of greater freedom, civil rights for the african population, both in the british