dr. neil ben witnesses who is part of ucsf. nicotine causes withdrawal, anxiety and stress both of which are powerful incentives to take up smoking again. cessation of smoking causes he the emergence of withdrawal symptoms, irritability, depressed mood, restlessness and anxiety. the intensity of these moods, mood disturbances is similar to that found in psychiatric outpatients. [speaker not understood], the feeling that there is little pleasure in life can also occur with withdrawal from nicotine like other drugs of abuse. smoking is a highly efficient -- smoking an e-cigarette is a highly [speaker not understood]. it enters rapidly through the lungs and moves into the brain within second. rapid rates of absorption and entry into the brain cause a strongly felt rush and they reinforce the effects of the drug. there is considerable drug levels that basically a person stays exposed through the drug for over 24 hours a day. i want to point out that the american academy of pediatrics has also come out with a policy statement agains