our first witness is the honorable tara o'toole to read dr. tara o'toole. the -- dr. 'toole was before us in an earlier incarnation as a noted by yo defense expert and practiced at the center for biosecurity of the pittsburgh maryland center is a pleasure to welcome you back as the undersecretary for science and technology and the department of homeland security and to welcome your testimony at this time. >> thank you mr. chairman. senator collins, senator moran. as you have both already eloquently stated there has been a lot of significant accumulative progress and many of the areas in this complex landscape of biodefense over the past decade, and i would highlight some of the directorates contributions and understanding the threat the detection and the characterization response recovery and contamination of the bio forensics and last but not least the defense in the terrorism which is important even though we have an experience such an event before. as you both noted that the federal level biodefense is an intense activity. i think the subject represents such year re