dr. robert shapiro who is an expert on headache put into the record. i was interested s by a couple of issues, that spring out to me. number one, the institute of medicine report found that a person with lower educational level, and i presume lower income people are more apt to suffer pain. we did a hearing some months ago as poverty as a death sentence and what we found is if you are in the bottom 20%, you'll die 6.5 years earlier than if you are in the top 20%. so i would like to ask you, i guess what you are saying is that if you are poor, did you are uneducated you are more likely to become ill, and more likely to experience pain. could someone speak to that? >> yes, senator, i could sbepea to that. i think that, one social economic status actually may be a surrogate marker of environmental exposers, the type of exposers that put one at risk for a v