drjennifer doudna, welcome to hardtalk. thanks very much. what is crispr—cas9?cas9 is an incredible tool. it is molecular scissors that can cut dna at targeted sites in a genome of a cell, changing the genetic code in a precise fashion. i think you described it as like being able to edit a book, to change one word or even a letter. that's right. it is essentially like being able to rewrite the code of life. we can change the dna sequence at will. now, i think it was, as well, although there have been obviously huge advances in genetics over decades now, it was a bit of a eureka moment for you when you discovered this tool, it wasn't at? , wasn't it? this is true, it was a project that started as a collaboration with emmanuelle charpentier and we were working on bacterial immune system known as crispr, which led to the discovery of the mechanism of this protein cas9 and how it can be programmed to cut dna. i guess you are looking at bacteria. are we — you did not have that much hope that it would have much wider applications. would that be fair? that would be fai