i am going to do my best impersonation of dwight d. eisenhower which really doesn't make sense given that i'm the only one up here who's not an eisenhower, but i thought it would just be good to give the section of our speech that's relevant to our discussion, because sometimes we only hear a sentence of it. this is a few minutes of it. um, it comes about midway. until the latest of our world conflicts, the united states had no armaments industry. american makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. but now we can no longer risk improvisation of national defense. we have been compelled to create a permanent industry of vast proportions. added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. we annually spend on security more than the net income of all united states corporations. this conjunction of a large arms industry is new in the american experience. the total influence -- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in every city, every statehouse, every offi

. >> i, dwight d. eisenhoweremnly swear -- >>> in the late '50s, the eisenhower white house had the question, how would they survive the function if washington was hit by a nuclear bomb. the congress -- the answer was to take shelter, 250 miles away beneath the green briar resort in white sulfur springs, west virginia. >> they kind of work out this plan where they'll dig a hole underground and build an addition to the green briar right on top of it. to the naked eye, the nonengineer, there's a construction project going on in front of your nose. directly behind the building, everyone can see it. >> this is a cover door. >> the charade included a decorative wall in the hotel as greenbriar tour manager shows me hides an am nous clue as to the truth. >> there's the secret. that's one of the three doors that conceal this bunker. >> designed to fully seal what we now know is a massive nuclear fallout shelter. >> that's amazing. so, once the members of congress and their staff got in here, this would be closed and they

dwight d. eisenhower's first term, the judiciary committee of a barely democratic senate held its first hearing on this amendment and it again did not receive a vote. after these partial defeat the balanced budget amendment supporters shifted their focus to the states. from 1975 to 1980, 30 state legislatures passed resolutions calling for a constitutional convention to propose this amendment directly to the states that is, they sought to bypass congress and the con fregsal amendment process. the election of president reagan and the republican senate in 1980 renewed hopes for a balanced budget amendment and passed by congress. while the senate did adopt the amendment in 1982, it failed to garner the necessary 3/5 majority in the house. this failure energized conservative groups such as the national taxpayers' union and the national tax limitation committee to refocus on state action. in 1982 and 1983, the alaska and missouri legislatures passed resolutions supporting the b.b.a., bringing the total number of these resolutions 20 to the 32, two short of the 34 needed for a convention. however, gr