dwight d. eisenhower. harry truman submitted a bill for universal health care. we're still waiting for it, right? [laughter] but johnson is got the next best thing with medicare. housing and urban policy, we didn't really have an urban policy before the truman administration. and you started the first public housing program. in terms of the environment, the environment first became a cause with mamie eisenhower and then with dwight d. eisenhower. an interesting thing, just a sideline on mamie eisenhower, she was actually the first integrationist in the white house because eisenhower took office in january of 1953. in february of 1953, mamie eisenhower was given the task of hosting or developing a list for the white house easter egg roll on the white house lawn. and she was horrified to find out that invitations only went out to the white schools in washington d.c. washington, d.c., of course, was highly segregated city at the time, and she thought that was terrible. and so she sent out invitations to blac

. -- dwight d eisenhower. graduated in 19 15. four years after he graduated in 1919, he accompanied an army convoy that went from the west coast to the east coast. journey took 62 days. it appalled eisenhower. he was disgusted by it. he saw army vehicles getting stuck in mud. that was the condition of roads back then. just really crude, primitive pathways for vehicles to travel on. and he recognized that this was a real problem. it was a problem for the economy, because it hampered economic development. you have transportation networks that are that crude, it in peace the transportation, the movement of goods and services. he also was a military man who represent -- he recognized the threat to national security. in case of an emergency, you cannot move move -- move military vehicles along those roadways. athink that experience had formative impact on him. it stuck in the back of his mind. during world war ii, he was in europe. in germany, he saw the autobahn. freeways,k of roads, along which vehicles traveled fast. he was impresse

well, leaders like dwight d. eisenhower. that what's point of the speech which was essentially i know how to contain the military industrial complex. i created it. those guys are afraid of me and i can say no to the generales. but the guy we just elected, john kennedy, 43 years old, lieutenant junior grade, might not be the kind of guy who can control the military industrial complex. i think it's a warning which is -- he was very angry about thank you results of the election and felt that maybe kennedy's generation, which had scorned eisenhower's generation, wouldn't be strong enough to control and contain the military industrial complex. in that sense it's a political message which is you have to elect tough people to be safe and secure, and control the powers of this beast that we have created. so i actually think it's a fascinating and rather complex message that he sends in that farewell address which he gave just a few days before leaving office. >> i would say that sharon. i you'll forgive me, the darpa i read profiled

how many of you have heard of dwight d. eisenhower cracks have you read his last speech as president of the united states of america? what did he warn us about? the military-industrial complex. and i challenge you to actually think about that from a president celebrated military man who turned to civilian life and had this prescient books for the future of the country and whether we need to act upon what president eisenhower was talking about back in 61. >> now that we have a few more minutes, all of you seem to be touching on the issue that the united states doesn't go to war or find anything to be accomplished but just go to war to keep the economy going with the defense industry going. i mean is that where things have come in my describing this properly asking the students to be thinking about this so as they getoget into more important positions i'm reminded of the previous secretary who said why is it that we have more musicians in the army and foreign service officers and the diplomatic. >> one of the reasons it is so difficult