between 45 and 61 no individual dominated american public life as did dwight eisenhower the most well liked and admired man in america in that. in the end of the second world war. and to be the most consequential. eisenhower mattered. to shape modern america in crucial ways and i will tell you why and how here today starting to capture the moment as i set the stage. two minutes before 9:00 o'clock in the morning december 6, 1960 eisenhower on the north protoco protocol -- portico stood with the brown suit and a brown felt hatch. they were starting to carry their hats the honor guard stood at the driveway with a fresh coat of paint. the president could hear the hammering have carpenters with the inaugural parade. i feel like the fellow in jail watching his scaffold be built. at age 59 precisely on who the world attention was focused in the morning of november 9 with the election victory was announced jf kennedy now president-elect coming to meet president eisenhower as they slowed to a stop to open the door to leave out and said good morning mr. president. during the election campaign

political partisan, one who is more loyal to the two republican presidents he served under, dwight eisenhower and richard nixon, than the two democrats he served under, harry truman and john f. kennedy, i'm sorry, lyndon johnson and john f. kennedy, three democrats he served under. he supported defense and foreign aid programs, aimed at combatting communism and endorsed security. he endorsed the war in vietnam,

president dwight d. eisenhower goes as u.s. commissioner of alaska which remained a territory until it attained statehood in 1959. in 1918, eisenhower, who by now was a lieutenant colonel, faced the most serious problem of his career. ten days before the offensive was scheduled to begin on the western front, and while all eyes were focused on france of 111 soldiers from camp david, massachusetts, an area also referred to. they believed it was achieved by typhoid fever inoculations. some of the men were registering high fevers and were obviously very ill. the camp immediately took fluid measures. because the man had not been confined to quarters and some of them were obviously carriers, the whole camp had to be considered as exposed, unquote. it was. and soon it would spread to gettysburg and the outlying communities. total deaths were estimated at approximately 50 million and were arguably as high as 100 million. historians and scientists have yet to determine exactly where the spanish floor originated, but it probably appeared

american presidents, dwight eisenhower called "the age of eisenhower," and it's by the professor at the university of virginia. when i was a little boy i had the honor of meeting dwight eisenhower and he's always inspired me and is now rated one of the best presidents in american history. i'm also going to read chris matthews biography, "bobby kennedy." i think that chris matthews has done an excellent job in this regard and of course we commemorate this year the 50th anniversary of the tragic assassination of senator kenned. so these are three books at the top of my list to read thischanf summer. >> send your summer reading lisy that booktv on twitter, instead grandma or facebook. >> host: so, mark mills, what do you do for a living? >> guest: at the manhattan institute i write about policy and energy policy and i'm also a partner at a technical venture fund where we invest in the software companies. >> host: how do you get there? >> guest: i should add i'm also a faculty fellow at northwestern university engineering school. i learn a lot hanging out with those guys. i spent my life wr

when i was a little boy i had the out on -- honor to meet dwight eisenhower he is always inspired me and also read chris matthews biography of bobby kennedy. i think he has done next island child in this regard and of course we commemorate the 50th anniversary of the assassination of senator kennedy these are my top three books to read this summer. . . . . tomorrow his

i also want to read the biography of one of my favorite american presidents, dwight eisenhower callede of eisenhower," and it's by the professor at the university of virginia. when i was a little boy i had the honor of meeting dwight eisenhower and he's always inspired me and is now rated one of the best presidents in american history. i'm also going to read chris matthews biography, "bobby kennedy." i think that chris matthews has done an excellent job in this regard and of course we commemorate this year the 50th anniversary of the tragic assassination of senator kenned. so these are three books at the top of my list to read thischanf summer. >> send your summer reading lisy that booktv on twitter, instead grandma or facebook.

its commander was a young dwight d. eisenhower. the impactescribes on the battlefield and the community. this is about an hour and 20 minutes. >> we are at the eisenhower national historic site on camp colt weekend. we are here to commemorate world war i as well as the 100th anniversary of camp colt, which was commanded by the kernel -- by colonel eisenhower, here in gettysburg, pennsylvania. our next speaker is mark snell. he retired from the u.s. army in 1993 and has had several assignments as well as careers after that. he taught history at the united states military academy at west a lecturer atwas the royal academy at sandhurst, in the u.k. he was also a professor of ,istory at shepherd university and shepherds law, in shepherdstown, west virginia, where he was the founder of the center for the study of civil war. he also has written very extensively on world war i and the civil war, especially the civil war in west virginia. book -- he wrote a book on camp colt and gettysburg during 1917 and 1918, the years that the united st

felt thatese men dwight eisenhower had mismanaged the cold war. both of these men believed that the end of the second term of the eisenhower years, eisenhower had lost control of his own government. mcmillan believed the military had become far too powerful with the cia. kennedy would not come to that conclusion until something called the bay of pigs. they both share that concern, ultimately. they also believed that a leader had to reduce the threat of nuclear danger. committed toply finding ways to reducing the .ossibility of accidental war they didn't always agree on everything around the world. when you look at their relationship, you should think .bout horse trading they gave each other help in different ways. if some of you have seen the queen, you may know of the episode involving queen elizabeth and the leader of ghana. it may be there is a sub story where jackie kennedy motivates this, but i can tell you that the british, particularly harold macmillan, wanted ghana and the commonwealth. on kennedyt pressure to build a hydroelectric dam call

100 year span, but it was slightly taft,upted by presidents franklin roosevelt, harry truman , dwight eisenhowerjohn clinton.to bill the department of defense says we seem to have a continuum through american history. this building was the largest building on the naval base. it was 9000 square feet. it was built originally as the paymaster and commander's home, but by 1911 the base commander realized things were getting snug so he merged into a single dwelling of all most 9000 square feet. at that time, key west was the command headquarters for the seventh averill district which covered key west to charleston. , admiralimitz is here chester nimitz is here expecting desk inspecting the base. he finds our base commander moved to smaller quarters because he is a bachelor and does not want to bounce around in 9000 square feet by himself. he left this large home sitting vacant. nimitz sees this house sitting vacant and is impressed by the research being done by the u.s. navy, so he gets home to washington to learn the president of the united states has a hacking cough he cannot shake. he immediately

he ran against dwight eisenhower in 1960 and beat him. eisenhower knew it and he hated it. it was one of the biggest political disappointments, he said, of his entire life. it wasn't that nixon lost. it was that kennedy won. i think he was ambivalent about that. he was really not ambivalent about kennedy because he understood what kennedy had done to his reputation. he did not recover from it for 30 years. only gradually in the 80s as a materials became available to study eisenhower's presidency in more depth, we became to see more -- whether we agree with or would respect his model, nonetheless there's no question he was deeply engaged in the machinery of governing. i just thought i would say a few general remarks, keeping an eye on the clock. a few general remarks on the theme of what are the challenges and opportunities of writing a presidential biography. this is the first time i had ever written about a president. i had a little bit of european experience. i had written a variety works on france and western europe. i encountered eisenhower as a distant figure in the ba

he also is a trustee of the dwight d. eisenhower society, which is a nonprofit friends group for the eisenhower national historic site here at gettysburg and he's been researching and writing a book on thizen hours' experiences during the great war. from his graduation from 1915 to his years here at camp coach. . so welcome to paul and he will talk about the early days of command for captain eisenhower. -- [applause] >> thank you, tony and good morning, everyone. the first two months of the new year of 1918 find captain dwight d. eisenhower at grant hall, the army service school at fort leavenworth, kansas. about 150 miles east of his parents' modest home in abilene. ike had managed to spend a quite holiday at home with his mother, father, younger brothers and a new sisters-in-law before returning to duty at fort leavenworth immediately after new year's day. since mid december 1917 he had been detailed as an instructor of second divisional lue tonalts who now required three months of tractal military training to require them to led

named camp colt, its commander was a young dwight eisenhower. >> we're at the eisenhower national historic site on great war camp call weekend. we're here to comememorate the world war i as well as the 100th anniversary of camp colt when it was commanded by colonel eisenhower here at getgettysbur pennsylvania. our next speaker is mark snell. and has had several assignments as well as careers after that. he taught history at the united states military academy at west point. and he was a -- a lecture ur at the royal academy at sand hurst in the uk. he was also a professor of history at shepherd university in shepherdsville -- shepherdstown, west virginia, where he also was the founding director of the george tyler moore center for the study of civil war. he also has written very extensively on world war i and the civil war, especially the civil war in west virginia. he's writing a book on camp -- he wrote a book on camp colt and gettysbu gettysburg. the years the united states were in the great war. mark, why don't you come on up and we'll get your program going. i'm reading the -- also, he

dwight eisenhower was along with george washington was one of maybe the only men in our history for whom the presidency was a demotion. you know? there is that wonderful story that involving milton, ike's brother who is president of the university of pennsylvania and they were getting ready. he persuaded ike to come give the commencement address. and it was outdoors and the weather was threatening and making small talk. and milton, you know, said just to kill time, god, do you think it's going to rain? and ike said, milton, i haven't worried since the weather since june 6, 1942. >> puts things in perspective. >> puts it in perspective. the difference is historians have tools and materials that in some ways are denied to journalists. we're utterly dependent on journalists for what we do but we also have the advantage of time. it takes time. particularly where polarizing presidents are concerned. it takes time for passions to cool, for papers to become available, and above all, for us to examine how many -- a dozen american presidents have had to deal with the middle east. you can compare

dwight eisenhower in paris when he was head of the nato forces in europe. she developed a friendship with his miss eisenhower. she was a guest at the white house on several occasions. according to her daughter at a white house dinner, she decided to leave her collection to the u.s. government for use in the white house. as much of this collection is possible was exhibited in a newly created room. this is how the room appeared in 1960. this is the room as it appears today. there are not as many pieces on view. certainly some important examples. there are over 1500 pieces in the collection. a variety of forms data mostly to the 18th and 19th centuries. a by some of the finest english and french silversmiths. and english regency silversmith is represented by several objects including a set of six wine coolers. each decorated with classical roman scenes. on the left is an example of one of the wine coolers. today they are found on the mantels in the east room. on the right, is a soup terrain. one of a pair made in 1778 by james young from designs by the english

dwight eisenhower, along with george washington, was one of maybe the only men in our history for whomresidency was a demotion. you know? that wonderful story that -- involving milton, ike's brother, university of pennsylvania. and they were getting ready -- he persuaded ike to come give the commencement address. and it was outdoors and the weather was threatening, and they were making small talk. and milton, you know, said just to kill the time, god, do you think it's going to rain? and ike said, milton, i haven't worried about the weather since june 6, 1945. [ laughter ] >> puts things in perspective. >> puts it -- that's perspective. and we're all in the perspective business. >> right. >> the difference is historians have tools and materials that in some ways are denied to journalists. we are utterly dependent on journalists for what we do, but we also have the advantage of time. it takes time, particularly we're polarizing presidents. it takes time for passions to cool. for papers to become available. and above all, for us to examine -- how many -- a dozen american presidents have

the white house in 1968, the johnson white house and the settlement includes former president dwight eisenhower[video clip] reed, former president eisenhower suffered a heart attack and when all the critical list, but the general had never taken kindly to defeat and when president anderson mrs. johnsond visited him, they found he had rallied and was in good spirits. as allied commander in world war ii, one of the countries general eisenhower helped liberate was czechoslovakia. pushing out a tyranny from its boundaries. tyranny from its boundaries. but the central european republic was again ravaged by the forces of aggression. on august 20, armies of the soviet union, poland, hungary, bulgaria, east germany invaded czechoslovakia. seizing control of the country in a few hours. soviet embassy lights burned late that hot and muggy evening in washington, in as russian tanks reveled in the proud -- -- prague. -- croc the memorandum which said that soviet bloc forces had acted at zech leadersof c sounded hollow indeed. of 1968om the summer and the courtesy of the johnson library and the johnson whit

the johnson white house and this film that includes former president dwight eisenhower. >> at walter ed army hospital, former president eisenhower suffered his seventh heart attack and went on the critical list in august. but the general had never taken kindly to defeat. and when president and mrs. johnson visited him at walter reed hospital, they found that he had rallied and was in good spirits. as allied commander in world war ii, one of the republics he helped to liberate was czechoslovakia, pushing the nazis from their boundaries but once again, they were ravaged by the forces of aggression. on august 20th, armys of the soviet union, poland, hungary, bu bulgaria seized control of the country in a few hours. soviet embassy lights burned late that hot and muggy evening in washington. even as russian tanks rumbled into prague, soviet ambassador called white house special assistant to present moscow's official reason for the invasion. the memory duandum said it was protect the country against s subversive sounded hollow indeed. >> we look back 1968, america in turmoil. deborah, richm

, from the white house, 1968, the johnson white house, and -- that includes former president dwight eisenhower. >> of the army hospital, former president eisenhower suffered his seventh heart attack. and went on the critical list in august. but the general had never taken kindly to defeat. and when president and mrs. johnson visited -- at walter reed hospital they found that he had rallied and was in good spirits. as allied commander in world war ii, one of the countries general eisenhower held liberate was czechoslovakia, pushing [null] germany from its boundaries. but just 23 years later, they were again ravaged by the forces of aggression. on august 20, armies of the soviet union, poland, hungary, bulgaria, and east germany invaded czechoslovakia. seizing control of the country in a few hours. so the embassy lights burned late. even as russian tanks rumbled, soviet ambassador -- called specialist system -- to present moscow's official reason for the invasion. the memorandum, which vets the soviet bloc forces and acted at the request of czech leaders, to safeguard the country against suppres

from the white house 1968, the johnson white house, in this film that includes former president dwight eisenhower>> at walter reed army hospital, former president eisenhower suffered his seventh heart attack and went on the critical list in august. but the general had never taken kindly to defeat. when president and mrs. johnson visited him at walter reed hospital, they found that he had rallied and was in good spirits. as allied commander in world war ii, one of the countries general eisenhower helped liberate was czechoslovakia, pushing nazi tyranny from its boundaries. but just 23 years later, the central european republic was again ravaged by the forces of aggression. on august 20th, armies of the soviet union, poland, hungary, bulgaria and east germany invaded czechoslovakia, seizing control of the country in a few hours. soviet embassy lights burned late that hot and muggy evening in washington, even as russian tanks rumbled into prague. soviet ambassador anatoly dobrynin called to present moscow's official reason for the invasion. the memoranda which said that soviet-blocked forces had act

university of virginia history professor, william hitchcock looks back on the presidency of dwight eisenhower in his book, the age of eisenhower. watch booktv and prime time every night through labor day. >> national book award winning author, jacqueline woodson is our guest on in-depth fiction addition pr live call in program sunday at noon eastern. with her most recent book, harbor me. other novels include brown gold dreaming. another brooklyn, miracles, plus over 50 novels and illustrated books for children and young adults. watch in-depth fiction addition with jacqueline woodson live sunday from noon until 3:00 p.m. eastern. be sure to watch in-depth fiction addition next month with geraldine brooks in november with jody pico and brad meltzer in december. on c-span2. >>. [inaudible conversations] [applause] >> good evening, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] thank you all. the historian, american hungarian historian john lucas who has spoken at the library couple of times in his youth and he is now in his 90s, said in an

but there were some huge opportunities in writing about dwight eisenhower for me, i thought. one is the decade of the 1950's is an extraordinarily rich period in american life. most decades are but i found the 1950's an incredibly fun decade to work in. as a cold war historian, you can't ask for a more thrilling and hair raising decade. it starts with the korean war, the indochina conflict, the taiwan strait crisis the suez , crisis, the hungarian revolution, sputnik and the arms race, khrushchev's zany race -- khrushchev and eisenhower race across the states and the summit diplomacy of the late 1950's. the advent of the aggressive and powerful cia. and under alan dulles, the introduction of new technologies into spycraft and intelligence gathering, the space satellites of 1960, all of that is there for the presidential historian. in addition, of course, there's the domestic side and the presidential historian doesn't have the luxury of leaving one big chunk of the presidency out. you have got to get it all in there because that's where the president lives, right in the middl

dwight eisenhower initiated construction of the bunker at the outset of the cold war.as an active facility complete with regularly rotated food supply to house inhabitants up to six months. in 1992, a journalist exposed the setup in a "the washington post" magazine story titled the ultimate congressional hide away. today the tour costs $39 a person. it is worth the price. even though as a taxpayer, i thought i already paid for it. hidden behind four blast doors, contamination chambers, 18 dorms designed to house more than a thousand people, a power plant with purification equipment, including three 25,000 gallon water tanks and three 14,000 gallon fuel tanks. communications area with tv production and audio recording booths. medical clinic with a dozen hospital beds and operating rooms. pharmacy, cafeteria, meeting rooms for the house and senate. this is a video of me checking out thickness of the blast doors. part of it is how they were hidden in plain sight. the more i saw, the longer my his of open questions. the bunker is said to be two underground football fields.

dwight eisenhower who warned us about the industrial military complex also warned us about the networkews media ma no liesing the news. his press secretary said these are great men. the pioneers of networking news. eisenhower said no, i'm an old army man, let's trust good systems. you have two people count church offerings. an honest man wants someone else in the room. the founding fathers could not have anticipated this was his comment to haggerty. kennedy: perhaps it was ike who was his real emotional -- the first involving a target in the special counsel probe. we'll talk about what's at stake and what impact the verdict will have on the wider investigation -we're in a small room. what?! -welcome. -[ gasps ] a bigger room?! -how many of you use car insurance? -oh. -well, what if i showed you this? -[ laughing ] ho-ho-ho! -wow. -it's a computer. -we compare rates to help you get the price and coverage that's right for you. -that's amazing! the only thing that would make this better is if my mom were here. what?! an unexpected ending! wells fargo has supported community organizations

looking at the top, 1956, democrats nominated at life stephenson losing in his rematch to dwight eisenhower and make some changes, 10%, 1968 is a bigger year for change. that was when we saw a famously contested nomination cycle, really ugly convention, very violent, a lot, one of their major candidates robert kennedy was assassinated that year and the party limped into the fall election and lost to richard nixon. due in part of the divisiveness they made a lot of changes to their rules after that year. that is where they started coming up for how many delegates, to open up the delegate selection process and created the primary caucus as we live under today so that is a very consequential year. after 2000, 2004, there were not many changes made to the rules, they copied and pasted what was done previously. 1988 is a big year for change. it doesn't come up in many studies of consequential changes. part of what happened is they made a lot of changes how the party reviews delegate selection rules. there was a lot of tinkering with the proper wording resulting in a few different words, not nece

when i order onion rings, i like to think i'm sharing the same fryer grease enjoyed by dwight eisenhowerwoman is fine, but this could have been bad. seeing as how the cleaning agent she drank reportedly contains citric acid, phosphoric acid, methy-trimethyl-3, and 2-butoxyethanol." which i believe are also the ingredients in a mcflurry. ( laughter ) by the way, methy-trimethyl-3 is my least favorite of all the "methy-trimethyl" movies. ( cheers and applause ) 1 and 2-- 1 and 2 were amazing. and that's not the only health warning you need to know about, because there's a new alert out there from the nosy perverts at the c.d.c. who tweeted, "we say it because people do it: don't wash or reuse #condoms!" that's right, just breathe deeply. evidently, evidently-- is it 3%? 3%, according to the c.d.c., 3% of condom users wash and reuse the jimmy hat. ( laughter ) it makes sense. what girl wouldn't be impressed to find their date with a drawer full of clean, neatly-folded condoms? ♪ oh, oh, sorry, babe. these just came out of the dryer. want to help me fold them? mmm, still warm. here, i'll do

dwight eisenhower once said quoting a foreign a service officer. apparently this was no compliment coming from either man. despite the culturally bizarre prism through which eisenhower viewed the country, he left office in january of 1961, imploring kennedy to take the situation in laos extraordinary seriously and making clear that as far as he was concerned, u.s. national security depended on the independence of that faraway place. two months later, in march of 1961, the situation for the u.s. allied monarchy was dire, with north vietnam and chinese backed communist taking control of the central high plateau of the country, threatening the low lands that were the pathways to the country's capital and to neighboring thailand. kennedy did not know what to do. the united states was a charter member of the southeast asian treaty organization and as such had an obligation to defend the territorial integrity of a country most americans and even some presidents could not find on a map. among the other charter members and the united kingdom. as the situati

congress have such a powerful force but a couple years later in 1952 when dwight eisenhower was running for president, he didn't defend marshall. he was a junior officer who was plucked out by marshall and given battlefield command, taken over the d-day command ultimately. as he's running for president who shows up and gets on stage with the card he had originally planned to defend what this guy looks like as the father in oakland decided is too politically costly to defend the man who had made his career. as in our houses the trail he feels very guilty about, but the indication of just how powerful they were. >> you point out that it was at least for a time to marshal it that the d-day invasion that fdr decided he would build us through the night. but for that would have been marshall. you get something in the book that captures the way of marshall's approach to this issue of who lost china, which presumes that it could be saved in the first place. but he wrote that he believed in neither the communists could destroy the nationalists or the other way around that between them they could

at the top for example, 1956 emma kratz nominated adlai stevenson and he goes on to lose to dwight eisenhower and they make him change in their rules afterwards, about 10 percent. 1968 is a much bigger change and that was the year that was famously a very contested nomination cycle, a ugly convention in chicago for the democrats, it was very violent . one of their major candidates robert kennedy was assassinated that you . the party kind of limped into the fall election and lost to richard nixon. due in part to that divisiveness they might a lot of changes to their rules after that. that was where they started coming up with rules for how many women should be delegates, how many african-americans or young people , it was intended to open up the delegate selection process and created some of the primary and caucus rules that we live under today and that was inconsequential year. on the other handafter 2000 , after 2004, there were not really many changes made to the rules. the party copied and pasted what it had done previously. 1988 comes up as of the year for change, kind of a surprising one

people had of him as a reckless cowboy was to rush to gettysbur pennsylvania, and sit down with dwight eisenhowerto us as "warmongers," and i'd likeo know what your opinion of that would be. you've known me a long time. >> well, barry, in my mind, this is actual tommyrot. now, you've known about war.u' been through one. i'm older than you -- i've been in more. but i'll tell you, no man that knows anything about war is going to be reckss. >> mann: unfortunately, eisenhower looked like it was the last place on earthe wanted to be. the two men had no rapport, no chemistry.er eisenhas trying to bail out a guy who had been attacking him ss than a year ago as an appeaser.en so i think eiswer was doing his patriotic duty as a republican, but his heart wasn't in it and it showed. >> newscaster: on that note, the dialog betweenig general dw david eisenhower and senator barry goldwater came to a close. >> mann: the one guy who really probably could've helped him was somebody that goldwater ande his people didn'ly welcome into the fold. >> newscaster: ladies and gentlemen, we take pride in presenting a thou

political partisan, one who was more loyal to the two republican presidents he served under, dwight eisenhower and richard nixon than the two democrats he served under. policy-wise he continued to strongly support defense in foreign aid programs aimed at combating terrorism and protecting national security. he felt johnson should have relied more on-air and less on ground troops. he was less supportive of social programs, believing they required people to rely on gump assistance rather than pull themselves up without government help. because of his loyal to the republican party ford sometimes had to take positions differently than he had previously. and this especially became the case after he became a minority leader in 1965, which i'll say more about in a minute. for instance, ford had opposed the great society programs believing they incurmed people to live off government assistten, yet he endorsed richard nixon's family assistance plan even though that would increase the people on the welfare rolls. as another example ford had adopted a very hard line towards communist china as a member of

he has known every president from dwight eisenhower to barack obama. actually, he did not cover eisenhower in the white house. he was stationed in the white house under eisenhower and kennedy doing transcriptions and speeches and so came to know them. he covered, in addition to covering the white house, he covered the iranian hostage situation and many international stories. years at nbc as a correspondent in washington and overseas. carterred nixon, ford, and the reagan administration. he was then based in london and was nbc's chief foreign correspondent. he became chief white house correspondent under the presidency of george h w bush. in 1984. abc news from 2001-2011, he was the network senior washington correspondent and retired at that time. thate to give a shout out john cochran is a graduate of the university of alabama and a good friend. role tied, welcome john. [applause] my next guest is christie arsons. she is the senior editor at the atlantic and director of the talent lab. it's a position she has held since may? is that right? for the besti

cochran has known every president from dwight eisenhower to barack obama, as you see in the title, "from eisenhower to trump." actually, john did not cover eisenhower in the white house. he was stationed in the white house under eisenhower and kennedy, doing transcriptions and speeches, and so has come to know them. in addition to covering the white house, he covered the iranian press hostage and many, many international stories. cochran worked for 21 years at nbc as a correspondent both in washington and overseas. he covered nixon, ford, carter, reagan, and the bush administrations. from 1978 to 1987, he was based in london and was the chief foreign correspondent for nbc. he returned to nbc's washington bureau and became chief white house correspondent under the presidency of george h.w. bush. cochran joined abc news in 1994 as chief capitol hill correspondent covering bob dole's unsuccessful bid for the president, and was senior white house correspondent in the final two years of the clinton administration. from 2001 until 2011, he was the network's senior washington correspondent and

he goes on to lose to dwight eisenhower and they make some change in the rules after that, 10%. 1968 is a much bigger year for a change. that of course is the year famously contested nomination cycle really ugly convention in chicago for the democrats, really violent. one of their major candidate robert kennedy was assassinated that year and the party kind of lumped into the fall election and lost to richard nixon. they made a lot of changes to their rules after that year. that was where they started coming up with rules for how many women should be delegate, how many young people and also created some of the primary caucus rules that we live under today. a very consequential year. on the other hand after 2000, after 2004, there were not many changes made to the rules. the party largely copied and pasted what he had done previously. 1988 comes up as a big year for change here at sort of a surprising one. it doesn't come up in many studies of consequential changes that year. part of what happened is they made a lot of changes about how the parties refuse state delegate selection rules

noncontroversial that it was passed by a republican congress and signed into law by republican president dwight eisenhower. this law is rarely enforced. according to pro-religious group alliance defending freedom more than 2,000 mainly evangelical christian leaders have made intentional violations in protest over the past ten years. only one has been audited by the irs and zero have lost their tax-exempt status. if the president did want to overturn the amendment he'd have to go through congress since they are the only body that can actually make or repeal laws. joining me now is nbc news investigative reporter ken dilanian. ken, i think this is a really interesting intellectual question, but there's actually something more about this, and that is a warning that the president at the same time gave to some of those evangelical leaders about what would happen if republicans lost the midterm elections. >> that's right, ali. he suggested there would be violence on the part of left-wing activists like antifa. really what he was communicating to these ardent supporters is that everything they hold dear is at ri

and william hitchcock recalls of presidency of divine-- dwight eisenhower. >> join us for the 18th library of congress national book festival saturday starting at 10 a.m. eastern. including viewer call-in from our set the at washington convention center. jon meacham, doris kearns goodwin with "leadership in turbulent times", ron churnow, and battle of new orleans, the battle that shaped america's destiny. watch the library of congress national book festival live on c-span2's book tv. saturday at 10 a.m. eastern. >> next, remarks by michael hiddnojos hinojosa. he gave a speech for the superintendents. superintendents. [applaus [applause] >> thank you, dwight. and you're not going to get off the hook. i'll be back to you in a minute. first of all, congratulations for being selected to be part of this premier organization and this activity that you're going to go through. i've been a member of aasa since 19-- . [laughter] >> '94, and proud of it. aasa is a great organization and it's done a great job for public education and they are our champions. first of all, thank you aasa for your work.

political partisan, one who was more loyal to the two republican presidents he served under dwight eisenhower and richard nixon than the democrats he served under, truman and linden johnson and kennedy. policy, he supported defense and foreign aid programs aimed at protecting u.s. national security and fighting communism. he endorsed the war in vietnam but felt they should have relied less on ground troops. he was less supportive of social programs believing they encouraged people to rely on political assistance rather than pull themselves up without government help. because of his loyalty to the republican party, he sometimes had to take positions different than previously. this became the case after he became a minority leader in 1965. i'll say more about that in a minute. for instance, ford had opposed linden johnson's great society programs. he endorsed richard nixon's family assistance plan even though that would increase the people on the welfare rolls. that's another example. ford had adopted a hard line toward communist china as a member of congress. but he endorsed nixon's decision t

political partisan, one who is more loyal to the two republican presidents he served under, dwight eisenhower and richard nixon, than the two democrats he served under, harry truman and john f. kennedy, i'm sorry, lyndon johnson and john f. kennedy, three democrats he served under. he supported defense and foreign aid programs, aimed at combatting communism and endorsed security. he endorsed the war in vietnam, but he fell johnson should have relied more on air and nafl support and less on ground troops. he was less supportive of social programs, believed in encouraging people to rely on federal assistance rather than pull themselves up without government help. because of his loyalty to the republican party, ford sometimes had to take the positions differently than he had previously. and this especially became the case after he became a minority leader in 1965, that i'll say more about in a minute. for instance, ford had opposed lyndon johnson's great society programs, believing he encouraged people to live off government assistance, yet he endorsed richard nixon's family assistance plan even

i mean, i would rather it be on hamilton and washington than on dwight eisenhower and the supreme court minutes, but as i say, don't hesitate if you want to get up and leave now. so we'll take some questions. we have a question here up front. >> one of the things that happens in the musical is when george washington decides not to run again, alexander hamilton writes his speech. did that really happen? >> yes, there is a wonderful, one more time, and have a drink with me one more time. and actually, since you brought up the farewell address, initially, madison wrote the first -- hamilton wrote the second. washington hoped to only serve one term. madison started the farewell address for him. they broke, their relationship broke. hamilton wrote the farewell address. with, i mean, washington's idea of the back and forth and a lot of it, and washington's ideas and thoughts with hamilton's nice touch on it. it is a very important crucial, crucial document. i mention it only because the impact, and i have a 17-year-old grandson who is into theater. and he memorized every word of "hamilton" an