so there was a new paradigm that was created which dwight mcdonald writes about as one where we entered essentially a state of permanent war. we entered a state of constant fear. the dreaded hun was immediately replaced with the dreaded red. and mcdonald i think makes a very important point, that none of the social and political theorists of the late 19th century, including karl marx, understood that in a system of permanent war and skillful mass propaganda, you could get the masses to call for their own enslavement. the only time marx writes about war is during the prussian war and he expresses the hope that prussia will win because it will make the german workers stay closer to coming to fruition. and we have essentially been emasculated ever since. so radical movements are cautiously destroyed, and liberal movements engage in a kind of internal cannibalization where they push out figures who have a moral conscience, who have some kind of autonomy, branded him as sympathetic to communism. of course, many of these people who were pushed out were not communists, although having lived in

i think dwight mcdonald's incredible, and i urge you all to read him. a really great thinker, beautiful writer. unrepentant anarchist thrown out of -- he was briefly a trot skyite, but he wouldn't follow the orthodoxy of the party, and trot sky sent a message to the party in new york and said everyone has a right to their own stupidity, but comrade mcdonald abuses the privilege. [laughter] he was invited up to columbia in 1968, and everybody was wearing little mao buttons, and he goes, where are the black flags, where are the anarchists? i rely on the writers of the '50s, mills, riceman, jacobs because i think -- and they resonate with me with a tremendous power. there's a beautiful book, by the way, by malcolm cowley called "exile's return," which is an intellectual history of the bohemian movement after world war i. it's a brilliant and kind of sering analysis of how the bo with hemoyangs and, ultimately, the new left essentially embrace the corporate values of here donism. really stunning book. again, beautifully written. so, yeah, there are a lot of