immediately after the collapse of the ussr in september 1991, a military coup took place, led by dzhakhar dudayevesult, on november 1, 1991 the chechen republic of ichkeria arose. dudayev declared martial law and refused to negotiate with the kremlin until ichkeria's independence was officially recognized. we didn't fully understand the events of what origin they were then, because it was on the wave of post-perestroika, a parade of sovereignties, but... having found ourselves there in the chechen republic, the former chechen, chechen-ingush autonomous soviet socialist republic within the rsfsr, we realized that we were really fighting international terrorism, then it called differently, then they were called mercenaries, but we did not understand then that the actions of terrorists from abroad, let's say, to deliver these terrorists, that is , to the republic. dudayev, in 1994 a civil war began in the republic. the russian army began military operations against the separatists on december 11, 1994. thus began the first stage of the conflict, known as the first chechen war. on august 31, 1996, it